9

Physical
Education and
Health
Quarter 2 – Module
Week 5-8

9
Physical Education and Health – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module : Latin Dances
Quarter 2 – Module : Health 9
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Gilbert Cerezo/ Dave Renath R. Baguio
Editor: Dr. Fatima T. Yusingbo
Reviewers: Marissa Austria/ Rosalina Terrado/ Dr. Fatima T. Yusingbo
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: MAPEH Department

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Las Pinas

Office Address: 309 Diego Cera Ave., Pulang Lupa 1, Las Pinas, 1742,
Metro Manila_____________________________
Telefax: 822-3840; 835-9030 loc. 102____________________
E-mail Address: depedlaspinas@gmail.com____________________

2
Introductory Message

Your engagement in active recreation, sports, physical activities, and

understanding of health concepts will contribute to your sense of social
connectedness and help you assume greater responsibility through a variety of
roles as you participate in a real-world situation. These Physical Education and
Health module is uniquely crafted to explore your greatest potential and promote
lifelong skills through active participation in the different learning experiences.
Emphasis is placed on combining tactical knowledge that you will acquire, and the
development of skills for a better performance and achievement of the expected
learning outcomes.

This module is designed to provide and equip you with knowledge, skills, and
habits that will enable you to achieve competence in maintaining your health and
physical condition. The domain in Physical Education focuses on the importance of
a healthy lifestyle and physical activity through active recreation such as sports,
fitness, street dance and hip-hop dance, while the domain in Health Education
emphasizes on the development of the proper skills of a health-conscious consumer,
lifelong participation in health trends, issues and concerns in health care, and
planning for a health career.

Each module follows a standard format or pattern with a short overview of the
lesson, content and performance standards, pre-assessment and instructional
activities. Every level provides activities that will allow you to experience meaningful
and varied learning. Your involvement in the different tasks can take many forms,
ranging from self-reflection and group tasks to beyond the classroom learning
activities. Your deeper understanding of the lesson will help you gain more relevant
skills and information, preparing yourself for the challenges of the world.

As you start putting life into this module, you will discover many great
opportunities and learning experiences that will change the way you spend your
time. You need to visualize a better version of yourself and aspire to achieve a
holistically healthy you.

Come on. Let’s get

started!

3
 9
Physical
Education
Quarter 2 – Module
Week 5-6

4
 Lesson
Latin Dances
1
In this lesson, you will be able to learn various International Latin
Dances which are performed in ballroom dancing and/or dancesports
competitions. You will also learn some benefits you may gain in ballroom
dancing.

What’s In

Ballroom dancing is a wonderful way for people from all walks of life to
get in shape while having a worthwhile recreational activity. This goes past
merely benefiting your body- to also benefiting your state of mind and social
connections. Dancing is a great social activity, and it has been proving that
socializing regularly can have vast health benefits on self-esteem, stress, and
even your physical fitness.

What’s New

Before you learn and execute various Latin dances, try

to discover where these dances came from and what benefit
you can derive from dancing. Latin dances hail from several
different countries in South and Central America and the
Caribbean, and most have influences that range far beyond
this region. Some dances are easier to learn than others, but all
Latin dances have a flair that hooks both spectators and
dancers.
International Latin is comprised of five dances:
Cha Cha, Samba, International Rumba, Paso Doble,
and Jive. They are often referred to as “Latin” or “Latin
American”. International Latin is unique in its use of Image source:
straight legs and balletic lines. Newcomers to Latin https://www.nsdancing.com/dances-we-
teach/latin-dance/
should be warned against thinking of International Latin as
“authentic Latin dancing”. Latin as danced today has evolved since its
introduction into the ballroom dancing world. Samba, for instance, looks
nothing like its festive counterpart danced today in the streets of Brazil. And
while one can see a bit of Swing in the foundation of Jive, this one American
dance has very little relation to its cousins in the Swing styles.

5
 Latin is based in large part on long leg lines and takes a tremendous
amount of strength and expertise to be danced at a high level. Latin must be
sexy, yet sophisticated, evoking images of characters such as Jessica Rabbit
and Rita Hayworth.
Latin danced at a social level is undoubtedly freer than Standard or
Smooth. Partners are not required to maintain a constant frame, which gives
the dancers more ability to play and improvise. Latin is the one of most
intense dance styles.

What is It

International Latin
Below are the various types of Latin dances that you could learn and enjoy
dancing.

1.Samba
This dance, that has almost 20 years of history, is filled with interesting
facts, moments and names. Samba was born in Brazil. Most of the densely
populated coastal music has significant impact from Africa, India and Iberia.

The Samba is an energetic and lively dance that is currently popular in

many parts of the world. Syncopated rhythms, bouncing actions, and rolling
hip movements characterize the dance.

2. Cha-Cha-Cha
Cha-Cha inherited most of its style from its predecessors: Rhumba and
Mambo. The name of the dance is most likely derived from Spanish “Chacha”,
which means ‘babysitter’ or “Chachar”, which means chewing coca tree
leaves.

The Cha Cha Cha, or the Cha Cha dance is a Cuban-born dance similar
to the Mambo in style. However, after the basic movement of stepping forward
or backward and shifting weight between feet, the Cha Cha Cha adds a quick
set of three steps. This gives the dance its name since many dancers count
out these steps as "cha cha cha."

3. Rhumba
Rhumba is one of the most lyric, emotional and beautiful dances – the
dance of love. Due to its slow rhythm, it seems easy – it most definitely is not.
This dance has roots from Spain and Africa.

The Rumba has its roots in the Cuban son which consists of two quick
steps and then a third slower step that takes two beats to execute. Dancers
use a box-like pattern to guide their movements.

4. Paso Doble

6
 Paso Doble dance has no better explanation than a story of Spanish
bullfight presented in dancing. This dance is actually from South France, even
though it depicts Spanish bullfighting sounds, drama and movements.

In Spanish, Paso Doble means "double step"and its version has

originated in Spain. The French turned the moves into a couples dance, which
the Spanish embraced. French-invented corrida choreography is complex,
challenging, and awe-inspiring. The moves borrow from Flamenco and are
performed in 2/4 time.

5. Jive
Jive is the most lively, fast and playful dance in the Latin America
routine. Jive is known for many names. Sometimes it is called Swing,
Jitterbug, Lindy Hop or Charleston, even though these are completely
different dances.

The Jive is lively and fast-paced dance that is typically danced to up-
beat swing or contemporary music.

Benefits of Ballroom Dancing

Here are just some of the benefits of social dancing like Latin Dances.

• Uplifting and Fun

Ballroom dancing is as joyful as these artistic dance moves. Low energy,
gloominess, and negativity are not allowed on this fun-filled dance floor.
Concentrating on moving your body to the beat of the music instantaneously
puts you in a positive headspace.

• Muscle Toning
Ballroom dancing contributes to muscle toning by forcing the dancers to resist
their partner’s’ body strength. The fast turns, spinning and two-stepping all
contribute to muscle building. Men, in particular, have instances of lifting
their lady partners- which requires a great deal of strength.

• Strengthen Bones and Joints

ballroom dancing is a great low-impact activity that can promote a fit lifestyle
while also decreasing your chances of an exercise-related injury. Since
dancing is a weight-resisting activity,

• Flexibility
Flexibility is a major benefit of ballroom dancing. Women may already be a bit
more flexible than their male partners- but both parties cash in on this
appealing health benefit. This is important because stretching can protect
against dance-related injuries and allow your body to dance at ease.

• Brain Food
Ballroom dancing, as well as other forms of social dancing, can help prevent
the onset of dementia in elderly patients. It was revealed that “dance improved
one of the cognitive domains (spatial memory),” which is vital for learning
dance (Dafna Merom, et al., 2016).

• Burns Fat

7
Dancing is a low-impact aerobic activity that can boost your metabolism. In
just thirty minutes of dancing, you can burn anywhere between 200-400
calories. Burning an extra 300 calories a day can help you lose between 0.5-
1 pound a week.

• Creative Outlet
Ballroom dancing is an amazing creative outlet because it allows you to
release your emotions and thoughts through those artistic moves.

• Conditioning
Engaging in just about any cardiovascular or aerobic activity can help improve
your heart health, lower obesity and type 2 diabetes risk, and also promote
lung capacity.

• Endurance
Dancing is an effective way to improve general endurance. As the dance
sessions get longer and longer, your muscles will be working harder and for a
longer period of time.

• Social Connectivity
Joining a ballroom dance class will expose you to new people who may
potentially share common interests with you. It has been proven that being
more social can help improve self-esteem, lower stress levels, increase sense
of purpose, and promote a positive outlook on life.

What I Have Learned

International Latin as categorized in the dancesports competitions is

comprised of five dances: Cha Cha, Samba, International Rumba, Paso Doble,
and Jive.

Dancing is a great social activity, and it has been proving that

socializing regularly can have vast health benefits on self-esteem, stress, and
even your physical fitness.

Lesson DANCE ETIQUETTES

8
 2
.

What’s In

How should learners behave and perform in a certain social dancing

activity? The answer is simple. Learners must practice etiquette in dancing to
help them go about successfully with the social dimensions of dancing. Why
should learners care about dance etiquette? Because this will not just give
them a fruitful dancing experience but will also provide them with a widened
social network.

What’s New

Dance etiquette is a set of guidelines that help learners navigate the

social dimensions of dancing. Why do they care about dance etiquette?
Because it is essential for them to maximize how to go about the process of
social dancing and have an enjoyable dancing experience.

Below shows some of the aspects that you should take into
considerations

What is It

9
What to Wear:
Dancing has its own culture. In social dances and dance mixers, the
more formal the dance, the more formal the outfit.
Attires Gentlemen Ladies
Formal Tailcoat, Tuxedo Coat, Ball Gown, Evening Gown,
Regular Coat, Bow Tie or Dinner Gown, Cocktail
Regular Necktie, Black Gown
Trouser
Semi – Formal Dress Shirt and Tie, Vest or Dinner Dresses, Flowing
Sweater that shows the Tie Pants
Dressy Casual Solid Color T-shirts, Anything that displays a
(Practices, Turtleneck, Polo Shirt, conservative, toned-down
Workshops, Cotton Slacks appearance
Dance
Lessons)
Latin Button-up shirt, Solid T- Sexy Outfits and Long Slit
shirt, Turtleneck, Dress skirts, Low Necklines and
Slacks, Bright Colorful Exposed Midriffs are
Outfits are Accepted Popular
Don’ts in terms of Outfits and Dance Shoes:
• Do not wear sneaker or any shoe with rubber or spongy sole. They can stick
to the dance floor during turns and spins that may cause knee and ankle
injuries. Always wear dance shoes.
• Avoid sleeveless shirts and strapped dresses. It is not pleasant to have your
partner touch your damp skin.
• Avoid shaggy, baggy, low armpit upper shirt. Partner’s hand may get caught
in the baggy sleeves.
• Avoid accessories like big rings, watches, brooches, loose/long necklaces
and big belt buckles. They can be dangerous. They can catch in partner’s
clothing, causing scratches and bruises.
• Long hair should be put up or tied in a ponytail. It is difficult to get into
closed dance positions when the lady has long flowing hair. They might get
caught in partner’s hands or may even hit your partner’s face.

Personal Grooming:
Before the dance
• Shower and use a deodorant
• Brush your teeth and use mouthwash/breath mint
• Abstain from foods that produce strong odor
• Don’t smoke, it causes foul mouth and clothing odor
During the Dance
• Check your grooming periodically
• Freshen up and towel off periodically in the bathroom
• Carrying an extra shirt is advisable for men in case they need to
change

On the Dance Floor:

• Line of Direction (Counter clockwise)
• While on the Floor (Avoid colliding with other pairs
•Be Polite (Thank or Compliment your Partner)
• Accompany your Partner back to her Seat

10
No-Fault Dancing:
• Never blame a partner for missed execution of figures
• Dance to the level of your partner
• The show must go on, say “sorry” to your partner if something went
wrong
Demeanor:
• Be personable, smile and make eye contact with partner.
• Project a positive image on the dance floor even if it’s not your personal
style.
• Dance at the level of your partner
• If you don’t know the dance, be honest, refuse promptly if asked to
dance.
• No teaching on the dance floor. It may insult your partner
• Do not cut other dancers off.

What I Have Learned

Dance etiquette is a set of guidelines that help learners navigate the

social dimensions of dancing. Learners must understand and observe such
dance etiquettes as part of social dancing to have an enjoyable dancing
experience.

Ballroom dance etiquette ten common sense tips;

1) Dance in the line of dance. Ballroom dancers move around the floor in a
counter-clockwise direction.
2) When things go wrong, apologize. If you bump into someone, or step on
someone’s foot, tell them you’re sorry.
3) Slow dancers should move to the center of the room. So if you are a
beginner to ballroom dance, just learning new moves, don’t clog up the main
lines of dance. Stay towards the center.
4) Conversation should be off the dance floor.
5) Cross the dance floor around the perimeter. Don’t cut through.
6) Clean up your mess. So, if you are carrying some drinks and you do spill
something, clean it up before some dancer slips and gets hurt.
7) Personal hygiene. Make sure you don’t have bad body odor or bad breath.
8) Dance at your partner’s ability
9) Sneezing and coughing while dancing. Always sneeze or cough into the
underside of your elbow. Do not sneeze into your hand and then as
10) Don’t chew gum while dancing. This is annoying to your partner.

11
 Lesson
CHA CHA CHA
3
What’s In
.

Among the Latin Dances, which of them are you most familiar of?
Maybe most of you will say Cha cha because this dance is very popular
ballroom dance in the Philippines. Adults and even the young ones enjoy this
dance very much because of its fun dance movement and lively music.
Dancing is an exercise that engages the entire body as well as the mind.
Learning and remembering choreography keeps your brain active while
constant movement addresses your heart, circulation, balance, muscles and
joints. Dancing kills calories, and it is fun to boot! It’s great exercise for both
men and women. So, if you need to add a shot of energy into your workouts,
and you’re looking for a fresh, different and fun way to exercise, you need to
start dancing!

What’s New

Cha-Cha-Cha or Cha Cha is a lively dance developed in Cuba after

World War II. It is danced to the music of the same
name introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique
Jorrin in the early 1950s. This rhythm was developed from
the Danzón-Mambo. Originally it was known as a slowed-down
mambo or "the triple mambo", because of the three quick steps.
Cha-Cha-Cha dance remains one of the most famous of Latin dances
performed in social halls and competitions across the world. The Cha Cha
dance is renowned as a fun, flirtatious, lively and energetic dance and it is a
preference for both professional and non-professional dancers.

What is It

Characteristics of Cha-cha-cha

The Cha Cha dance is performed in 4/4 time and requires a lot of step
and hip motion. The dance is characterized by three quick steps followed by
two slower beats done on the one beat and the two beats. The dance is

12
 performed at about 120 beats every minute. The front steps are taken toe flat,
and the dance is performed with minimal upper torso movement. The Cha
Cha dance is characterized by intricate foot movement, quick spins, strong
hip movement, sharp action and staccato, all this done to Latin American Cha
Cha music.

Cha cha cha can be danced to almost any music with a good beat, from
traditional Latin rhythms to club music, from country to pop. Its popularity
can be heard in the music of Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, and many
others. Cha cha cha is very much a dance of today.

Different Styles of Cha Cha Dance

When dancing the Cha Cha Cha, there are two distinct styles being
performed, International and American Rhythm. The international style is
mostly used competitive dancing and is more advanced. It is recommended
that a dancer should learn the American rhythm style before trying to master
the international.

Both styles share similar characteristics such as:

• Steps are small, most movements coming from hips and pelvic area
• Danced to a steady 4/4 beat
• usually dance to some form of Latin style music

No matter the style of Cha Cha you choose the basic dance steps remain the
same.

Cha-Cha Action
To dance the cha-cha like a professional, dancers must master Cuban
motion, a common hip movement in Latin-style dancing. Cuban motion is a
distinct way in which the hips move up and down. The hip movements mainly
come from alternately bending and straightening the knees; as one knee
bends (or straightens), the same hip drops (or raises).

The basic components of the cha-cha are triple steps and rock steps.
Quick, small steps must be maintained throughout the dance. The movement
of the hips results from the constant bending and straightening of the knees.
Dancers must synchronize each movement as they dance parallel to one
another.

Basic Steps

Now, let’s do this very basic steps of cha cha dance which you need to master
very well before you can do some variations or learn other cha cha steps.

Partners face each other. Gentleman starts with the left foot, lady starts with
the right foot. Basic ballroom hold.

13
Basic Side Step for Men

1. Sidestep to the left with your left foot

2. Step backward & left with your right foot
3. Left foot in place, weight shifts to it
4. Sidestep to the right with your right foot
5. Move your left foot to your right foot
6. Sidestep to the right with your right foot
7. Step forward & right with your left foot
8. Right foot in place, weight shifts to it
9. Sidestep to the left with your left foot
10. Move your right foot to your left foot

Basic Side Step for Women

1. Sidestep to the right with your right foot

2. Step forward & right with your left foot
3. Right foot in place, weight shifts to it
4. Sidestep to the left with your left foot
5. Move your right foot to your left foot
6. Sidestep to the right with your left foot
7. Step backward & left with your right foot
8. Left foot in place, weight shifts to it
9. Sidestep to the right with your right foot
10. Move your left foot to your right foot

14
Keep practicing this side step until you get use to it, then put it to the next
level by doing it forward/ backward or with turns.

What I Have Learned

Cha Cha originated in Cuba and evolved from a slow version of Mambo
called “Triple Mambo” or Mambo with guiro rhythm. This musical rhythm
inspired dancers to dance a hip syncopation to the forward and back breaks
of a mambo which late evolved to a triple step.

Dance Characteristics

Cha Cha is a lively, fun, cheeky and playful dance. It is a non-

progressive dance that emphasizes Cuban motion, distinguished by the
chasses (cha-cha-cha) typically danced during the 4&1 counts of the
music. Cuban motion in Cha Cha is more staccato than Rumba to
reflect the music with emphasis on count 1. The Cha Cha frame is a
typical Rhythm frame.

Musical Information
Time signature – 4/4
Tempo – 30 measures per minute
Timing – 1234&
Beat value is 1-1-1-1/2-1/2

Lesson
SAMBA
4
.

What’s In

. This time, try to learn other Latin dances like Samba. Regardless of
the type of Latin dance steps you would like to learn, the process is quite
simple if you take it slow. Listen to the music when practicing as well as at
other moments during the day so that you pick up the rhythm in the music.
As with all dance forms, practice makes perfect, and you will be performing

15
these steps smoothly in no time. Then you can move on to more advanced
steps in paso doble, rumba, or even swing , as well as other Latin dance
forms.

What’s New

Samba is a lively dance of Brazilian origin. It is a popular party dance,

characterized by simple forward and backward steps and rhythmic hip
movements.

Samba is the national dance of Brazil which some say the spirit and
soul of the country. In Brazil, it is a solo dance performed at street festivals
and carnivals. Ballroom samba, on the other hand, is a partner dance that
has little in common with the original form.

Although in Brazil samba remains a solo form, in other countries it

evolved into a partner dance and was standardized as a ballroom dance in
1956. Today it's one of the most common Latin American dances.

Many versions of samba exist - Carnivale, Mesemba, Carioca,

Batucado, Conga, just to name a few. Here we'll focus on the ballroom
version, quite popular in North America and Europe, with both the younger
and older generations.

What is It

Basic Steps
• Ballroom samba is usually danced to music written in 2/4 time,
meaning there are two beats in each measure. The basic box step
consist of three steps. This means that three steps are performed in
two beats of music.
• The basic rhythm is 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 5 & 6, 7 & 8, commonly described
as "one, uh two", "three, uh four", and so on. Usually you count 8
beats before resuming the count.
• The most characteristic element of samba is probably the so
called samba bounce, which is achieved through rhythmic bending
and straightening of the knees. See the video below for detailed
explanation.

Instruction and Diagrams

• Ballroom samba is danced in a closed position, with partners slightly

apart.
• The lady's right hand and the man's left hand are held about the
lady's eye level.

16
 • The man's right hand is placed on the lady's shoulder blade.
• The lady's left hand is placed flat on the man's back.
• Basic step is a very simple box step.
• Remember, the rhythm is 1-uh-2, 3-uh-4...

Basic Steps for Men

1. Step forward with your left foot

(count 1)
2. Move your right foot to your left
foot (uh)
3. Left foot in place, weight shifts to
it (count 2)
4. Step backward with your right foot
(count 3)
5. Move your left foot to your right
foot (uh)
6. Right foot in place, weight shifts to
it (count 4)

Basic Steps for Ladies

1. Step backward with your right foot

(count 1)
2. Move your left foot to your right foot
(uh)
3. Right foot in place, weight shifts to
it (count 2)
4. Step forward with your left foot
(count 3)
5. Move your right foot to your left foot
(uh)
6. Left foot in place, weight shifts to it
(count 4)

What I Have Learned

✓ Samba is a ballroom dance of Brazilian origin, popularized in western

Europe and the United States in the early 1940s.
✓ Characterized by simple forward and backward steps and tilting,
rocking body movements.
✓ It is danced to music in 4/4 time with syncopated rhythm.

17
 ✓ Couples in ballroom position dance in place or around the floor, but
partners may separate to execute variant steps.

REFERENCES:
https://dance.lovetoknow.com/Types_of_Latin_Dances?fbclid=IwAR3yWQypXvjXGouzTDa8
Cvi5QbJnHXCzt1fLZPDA0_6AnxPtDRaXUy80q9Y
https://www.healthfitnessrevolution.com/top-10-health-benefits-ballroom-
dancing/?fbclid=IwAR3sXPmgIip5VfkJFn2IqPcezn_LeKpeilOxRSGYCD
https://leevi.ee/en/what-is-dancesport/
https://ariaballroom.com/international-latin
https://www.bellaballroom.com/dance-lessons/latin-dance/
Doria, et.al. (2014) Physical Education and Health, Learner’s Material. DepEd.
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-cha-cha-cha-dance.html
https://dancefeverstudios.com/ballroom-dance-etiquette/
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-cha-cha-cha-dance.html
https://www.dancing4beginners.com/cha-cha/
https://www.liveabout.com/cha-cha-dance-1007194
http://www.ballroomdanceacademy.com/the-dances/descriptions-of-dances/cha-cha/
https://www.dancingfads.com/about/news/the-history-of-the-cha-cha
https://www.dancing4beginners.com/samba/

18
 9

HEALTH
Quarter 2 – Module
Week 7-8

19
 Lesson
Drug Scenario in the
1 Philippines
The Dangerous Drug Board is the concerned agency that is responsible in
planning and initiating projects and programs that will prevent and lessen
illegal activities: manufacturing, distributing and selling of drugs of abuse.

What’s In

According to the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) (the government agency

mandated to formulate policies on illegal drugs in the Philippines), there are
1.8 million current drug users in the Philippines, and 4.8 million Filipinos
report having used illegal drugs at least once in their lives. The Philippine
Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) is the implementing arm of DDB which is
responsible for efficient and effective law enforcement of all provisions on any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemicals.

What’s New

The following are the reasons for the successful decline of drug abuse in
the country:

1. Operations conducted by some of the different law

enforcing agencies
Philippine National Police (PNP)
National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)

2. COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT of 2002 Some of the

Implemented Policies: - Compulsory Drug Testing
(Applying for driver’s license)
- Military Service
(Upon entering the Military)
- Firearms Licensing
(Applying for possession of licensed firearms)

3. Fulfillment of DDB’s programs and projects in partnership with

other local agencies Department of Education (DepEd)
Department of Social and Welfare Development (DSWD)
Local Government Units (LGU)
Non-Government Organizations (NGO)

PROFILE OF DRUG ABUSERS

20
 (Facility Based)
CY 2018

• AGE: Mean age of 32 years old

• SEX: Ratio of Male to Female (9:1)

• CIVIL STATUS: Single (51.20%)

• EMPLOYMENT STATUS: Unemployed (50.06%)

• EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
High School Level (28.14%)

• ECONOMIC STATUS:
Average Family Income Php 11,265.10

• RESIDENCE: Urban (specifically NCR (4.81%)

• DURATION OF DRUG USE:

More than six (6) years

• NATURE OF DRUG TAKING:

Mono drug use (abuse of 1 drug only)

• DRUGS/SUBSTANCES OF ABUSE:
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu) Cannabis (Marijuana)
Contact Cement (Rugby)

What is It

Dominant Drugs in the Philippine Market

The availability of various types of dangerous drugs encourages drug users to

be involved in illegal drug activities. Thus, majority of the drug dependents in
the country are poly-drug users for they use several types of illegal drugs.
Since the introduction of Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or shabu in the
country, it has been the primary drug of choice among abusers. In 2013,
83.97% of the arrests involved shabu. It is followed by marijuana or cannabis
sativa and methylene dioxy methamphetamine (MDMA) or ecstasy.

Drug Trafficking Trends

21
Illegal drug trafficking is still the most pervasive drug activity in the
Philippines. Drug traffickers never stop discovering new and various ways to
hide their illegal transactions and activities.

To come up with effective operational plans, PDEA continuously monitors

trends in the illegal drug trade. Several modus operandi observed in 2013 are
the following: the use of milk boxes, Chinese tea bags, slippers and cellphone
charger, and the use of mail and parcel courier.

Three incidents of confiscation of illegal drugs concealed in milk

boxes/packaging were recorded in the country for year 2013.The first incident
was on January 8, 2013, wherein 7.048 kilograms of shabu concealed in
carton boxes labeled as “Gold Premium Milk” were seized at Ninoy Aquino
International Airport (NAIA) from a Filipino drug courier.

On October 24, 2013, 8.39 kilograms of cocaine placed in packaging of

assorted brands of powdered milk products were seized at NAIA from a South
African drug courier. Finally,17.48 kilograms of shabu placed in powdered
milk boxes were seized at Zamboanga International Airport from two Filipinos
on November 8, 2013. In addition, four operations in 2013 resulted in the
seizure of illegal drugs contained in Chinese tea bags, three of which involved
arrested Chinese drug personalities.

The use of mail and parcel courier to conceal and to transport illegal drugs
continues to exist. Incidents of use of freight provider were recorded. Two
operations resulted in the interception of shabu concealed in slippers shipped
through freight provider at Zamboanga International Airport.

Another operation resulted in the confiscation of illegal drugs concealed in a

cellphone charger shipped through the same courier, wherein payment was
coursed through a money transfer firm. Investigation revealed that the
suspects had been employing the same modus in transactions completed four
to five times a week.

New Trends in Illegal Drug Activities

It is also alarming to discover a new course in illegal drug trafficking into the
country. Drug syndicates continue to employ strategies to conveniently
transport illegal drugs. On June 9, 2013, a Benin national was arrested at
NAIA Terminal 1 for attempting to smuggle illegal drugs into the country by
swallowing 60 capsules containing a total of 448.8 grams of shabu. He was
considered as the first drug swallower arrested in the country.

Furthermore, the year 2013 also recorded the first marijuana tiangge
dismantled in the country. On October 24, 2013, a marijuana tiangge in
Sagada, Mountain Province, Cordillera Administrative Region, the region
where marijuana is rampantly grown, was dismantled.
On top of these activities, emergence of new forms of illegal drugs has been
noticed in 2013. The first incident of seizure of ephedrine in tablet and capsule
form was recorded. In a buy bust operation conducted in Quezon City on
November 19, 2013, 4,005 tablets of ephedrine weighing 608.80 grams were

22
seized. On December 5, 2013, seven capsules of ephedrine were also seized
from three drug personalities during a buy bust operation in Mandaluyong
City. The Agency is also monitoring the mixing of shabu and ecstasy. This
new form of ATS is popularly known as “fly high,” a drug usually by party-
goers.

Drug Syndicates in the Philippines

The role of drug syndicates in the proliferation of illegal drugs is immense and
indispensable in illicit drug trafficking business. They are the foundation of
the illegal trade.
In the Philippines, international drug trafficking organizations are identified
to have been operating in the country. In addition to the African Drug
Syndicates and Filipino-Chinese Drug Syndicates, a drug syndicate based in
Sinaloa, Mexico, the Sinaloa Drug Cartel, was established to have been
operating in the country. In 2013, various links between the said Mexican
drug cartel and the Chinese Drug Syndicate were established on different
occasions.

What I Have Learned

⮚ DRUGS – are substances that taken into the body through nasal, oral,
transdermal, intravenous that have effects on a person’s psychological,
emotional, behavioral aspect or being

⮚ DRUGS of ABUSE – are prohibited drugs abusively used by drug users

Common Drugs of Abuse in the Philippines shabu, marijuana, inhalants

⮚ DRUG DEPENDENCE – cluster of physiological, behavioral, and cognitive

event of changing power in which the use of a drug takes on a high priority
that creates strong desire to take the substance

⮚ DRUG ABUSE – is the use of drugs in non-medicinal purposes where abuse

leads to damage of body organs like brain, liver, additional and stressful
behavioral habits

⮚ DRUG TOLERANCE – is the condition of the body, adjusting to the effects

of substances to the body thus demands a greater amount for physiological
and mental experience.

Lesson Risk and Protective Factors in

Substance Use, and Abuse
23
 2
.

What’s In

It is important to determine the risk factors that contribute and increases the
chance for an individual for drug use. On the other hand, protective factors
are elements that can help one prevent and intervene drug use. Also, it is
essential to assess situations whether a person is in use or refrain from using
psychoactive substances

What’s New

Risk and Protective Factors for Drug Use, Misuse, Abuse and
Dependence
Risk Factors are influences which increases the opportunity of using,
misusing, and abusing drugs. Protective Factors are influences which reduce
the opportunity of using, misusing, and abusing drugs.

Psychoactive Substance – it is a drug or other substance that affects how the

brain works and causes changes in mood, awareness, thoughts, feelings, or
behavior. It is also called psychotropic substance. Examples of psychoactive
substances include alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, marijuana, certain pain
medicines. Many illegal drugs, such as heroin, LSD, cocaine, and
amphetamines.

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 What is It

Misusing prescription medicines, including opioids(narcotics). This means

taking the medicines in a different way than the health care provider
prescribed. This includes taking a medicine that was prescribed for someone
else.
Taking a larger dose than you are supposed to. Using the medicine in a
different way than you are supposed to. For example, instead of swallowing
your tablets, you might crush and then snort or inject them. Using the
medicine for another purpose, such as getting high Misusing over-the-counter
medicines, including using them for another purpose and using them in a
different way than you are supposed to.
Drug use is dangerous. It can harm your brain and body, sometimes
permanently. It can hurt the people around you, including friends, families,
kids, and unborn babies. Drug use can also lead to addiction.
What is drug addiction? Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease. It causes
a person to take drugs repeatedly, despite the harm they cause. Repeated
drug use can change the brain and lead to addiction. The brain changes from
addiction can be lasting, so drug addiction is considered a "relapsing" disease.
This means that people in recovery are at risk for taking drugs again, even
after years of not taking them.

Does everyone who takes drugs become addicted?

Not everyone who uses drugs becomes addicted. Everyone's bodies and
brains are different, so their reactions to drugs can also be different. Some
people may become addicted quickly, or it may happen over time. Other
people never become addicted. Whether or not someone becomes addicted
depends on many factors. They include genetic, environmental, and
developmental factors.
Who is at risk for drug addiction?
Various risk factors can make you more likely to become addicted to drugs,
including
Your biology. People can react to drugs differently. Some people like the
feeling the first time they try a drug and want more. Others hate how it feels
and never try it again.
Mental health problems.
People who have untreated mental health problems, such as depression,
anxiety, or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to
become addicted. This can happen because drug use and mental health
problems affect the same parts of the brain. Also, people with these
problems may use drugs to try to feel better.
Trouble at home. If your home is an unhappy place or was when you were
growing up, you might be more likely to have a drug problem.
Trouble in school, at work, or with making friends. You might use drugs
to get your mind off these problems.
Hanging around other people who use drugs. They might encourage you
to try drugs.

25
Starting drug use when you're young. When kids use drugs, it affects how
their bodies and brains finish growing. This increases your chances of
becoming addicted when you're an adult.

What I Have Learned

=

Lesson
Classifications of Drugs
3

What’s In
.

Drugs are meant to be used for medicinal purposes. It is categorized

based on its effect to the human body. One may get addictive if there would
be misuse and abuse. In the Philippines, the dominant drugs are: 1.
methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu, 2. cannabis sativa or marijuana
3. methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or ecstasy.

26
 What’s New

CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS

1. GATEWAY DRUG These are legal drugs that a non-drug user might try,
which can lead him/her to more dangerous drugs such as marijuana
and shabu. Teenagers who engage in early smoking & drinking have
higher chance of using and experimenting with dangerous drugs of
abuse.
2. DEPRESSANT DRUGS Like stimulants, depressants also impact the
body’s CNS, but with the opposite effect, making users feel as if things
are “slowing down.” Thus, they are often called “downers” on the street.
Doctors prescribe some depressants for anxiety, insomnia, obsessive-
compulsive disorder and other medical issues that prevent the sufferer
from fully relaxing. These drugs often offer a sedative experience to
users, making them a tempting choice for teens who wish to escape
everyday stresses.
3. STIMULANT DRUGS Stimulants (or “uppers”) impact the body’s central
nervous system (CNS), causing the user to feel as if they are “speeding
up.” These drugs increase the user’s level of alertness, pumping up
heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and blood glucose levels. Doctors
primarily prescribe stimulants for ADHD, narcolepsy and asthma
(because the drugs can open up breathing passages). The drugs can
also help aid weight loss, as they can decrease appetite in users.
Stimulant abuse occurs in high school when teens wish to enhance
performance in school or sports. Stimulants often come in pill form but
are also consumed via snorting or even as food and drink. For example,
caffeine is found in many beverages, and cocaine is a powder that is
snorted.
4. NARCOTICS/OPIOIDS Opioids are powerful painkillers that produce a
sense of euphoria in users. Derived from the poppy plant, opioids are
often prescribed by doctors to patients who are suffering from intense
pain. They are extremely habit-forming, sometimes even causing
addiction in as little as three days. Opioids can be smoked, eaten,
drank, injected or taken as pills.
5. HALLUCINOGENS Hallucinogens change your sense of reality — you
can have hallucinations. Your senses are distorted and the way you see,
hear, taste, smell or feel things is different. Depressants can be useful
when used properly, but depressant abuse can cause a host of issues
in both the long and short term: Higher risk of high blood sugar,
diabetes and weight gain Increased body temperature Delirium
Sluggish thinking Low blood pressure Impaired memory Hallucinations
Death from withdrawal.
6. INHALANTS Mostly made up of everyday household items, these drugs
cause brief feelings of euphoria. As the name suggests, inhalants are
always inhaled as gases or fumes. The “highs” slightly differ from inhalant
to inhalant, but most abusers are willing to huff whatever inhalant they
can acquire.

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 What is It

1. GATEWAY DRUG: Examples are alcohol liquor and cigarettes.

2. DEPRESSANT DRUGS: Examples of depressants include Rohypnol
Barbiturates Xanax Valium Benzodiazepines Hypnotics Tranquilizers.
3. STIMULANT DRUGS: Examples of stimulants include Adderall Ritalin
Synthetic Marijuana Cocaine Methamphetamine Ecstasy Caffeine.
4. NARCOTICS/OPIOIDS: Examples of opioids include Heroin Morphine
Hydrocodone Opium Vicodin Oxycontin Percocet Codeine.
5. INHALANTS: Examples of inhalants include Fumes of markers, paint,
paint thinner, gasoline and glue Nitrous oxide Aerosol sprays Room
deodorizers.

What I Have Learned

Reflective Questions:
1. What are the dominant drugs available in the Philippines?
2. How are drugs being categorized or classified?
3. What will you do if you have seen drugs at home? In school, with the
possession of your classmate/s?

Lesson
Myths and Misconceptions about
4 Substance use and Abuse

What’s In
.

Myths are widely held but false belief or idea. Misconception is a view
or opinion that is incorrect because based on faulty thinking or
understanding. Fact is a thing that is known or proved to be true. Profile of
a Drug Abuser, the observations of physical, mental, emotional, and social
behaviors must be carefully done to confirm if a person is a drug user.

What’s New

28
 More practical and common Myths, Misconception and Facts about
Drugs of Abuse

• Myth: You can stop using drugs anytime.

Fact: Withdrawal sickness, believing you must have drugs, and being
around people who use can make stopping drug use difficult. But there are
people and programs that can help.
• Myth: You must use drugs for a long time before they can really hurt you.
Fact: Drugs can cause the brain to send the wrong signals to the body. This
can make a person stop breathing, have a heart attack or go into a coma.
This can happen the first time the drug is used
• Myth: Teenagers are too young to get addicted.
Fact: Addiction can happen at any age. Even unborn children can get
addicted because of their mother's drug use.
• Myth: If you're pregnant and use drugs, your body protects the baby.
Fact: Drugs affect an unborn child as much or more than the mother. Drug
use during pregnancy can cause the baby to die or be born too early. It can
damage the baby's mind and body.
• Myth: If you smoked pot (marijuana) on the weekend, you'd be fine by
Monday.
Fact: The effects of pot (marijuana) can last for up to 3 days. It impairs
memory, reflexes, and coordination.
• Myth: As soon as a person feels normal, all the drug is out of the body.
Fact: Long after the effects of the drug stop being felt, the drug can still
be in the body. For example, cocaine can be found in the body up to one
week and marijuana up to 3 months after a single use.
• Myth: If you get drunk, coffee will sober you up.
Fact: Once alcohol is in the bloodstream, only time will make a person
sober.
• Myth: Cocaine is only addictive if you inject it.
Fact: Cocaine is quickly addictive any way it is used: smoking, snorting
or injecting.
• Myth: Snuff and chewing tobacco are safe because there's no smoke.
Fact: Smokeless tobacco can cause mouth and throat cancer, high blood
pressure and dental problems. It can also lessen the senses of taste and
smell and can cause bad breath.
• Myth: Sniffing glue gives an instant rush. There isn't time for it to hurt
you.
Fact: Inhalants enter the blood and go through the body in seconds.
Sniffing larger amounts can cause a heart attack or death from
suffocation because inhalants replace oxygen in the lungs.
• Myth: Pot isn't as bad for you as cigarettes.
Fact: Marijuana smoke has more cancer-causing chemicals than
tobacco.
• Myth: Drugs relieve stress. They help deal with problems.
Fact: Drugs only make people forget and not care about their troubles.
When the drug wears off, the problem is still there.

What is It

Below are some of the Signs and Symptoms of

29
 drug use

What I Have Learned

Lesson Harmful short- and long- term

effects of Substance use and
5 Abuse

What’s In
.

Are you already familiar with the different kinds of drug components and
their short- and long-term effects? Do you know how can we prevent and
control substance use and abuse? What is its impact to the socio-cultural,
psychological, economic, and legal aspects of humans?
It was shared to you before those complicated circumstances comes from
simple. Starting with Gateway drugs, it may lead to a wider scope of learning
and understanding of the complexity of substance use and abuse.

30
 What’s New

GATEWAY DRUGS It is legally accepted but with restrictions. In the

Philippines, people who are 18 years old below are not allowed to purchase
and consume gateway drugs such as tobacco and alcohol. It might put the
person, especially the health aspect, at risk and in danger.
Gateway Drug: Alcohol Short-Term Effects: -
Headache and light headedness -Unclear speech -Slow
body reflex, senses, and coordination Overconfident -
Mood swings (depression, high spirit, aggressiveness) -
Experience of blackout (loss of consciousness) -
Nausea (headache with vomiting).

Long-Term Effects: -Damage of organs like liver,

heart, colon and brain -Cancer -Cardiovascular
diseases -Cirrhosis of the liver -Poor study and work
performance -Paralysis and/ or loss of limb due to
road accidents and other tragic events.

What is It

DEPRESANTS- Also known as “downers” as it slows down the central

nervous system. In medical environment, it is known as “sedatives”
which is used to treat anxiety, mental disorders or sleeping disorders
like insomnia. Types of Depressants: Tranquilizers – mild depressants,
treat anxiety Barbiturates – stronger than tranquilizers, treat insomnia
and other sleeping disorders and control seizures Hypnotics – powerful
depressants, like alcohol

INHALANTS -These are chemical products found at home. It can be

huffed or sniffed. The effects are like the effects of alcohol intoxication.

NARCOTICS - known as “painkillers”. They also induce sleepiness.

Narcotics are administered to patients with mental problems. They are
also given to cancer patients to relieve severe pain. Narcotic drugs include
cocaine, heroin, and marijuana.

Short-Terms Effects: -Slow brain function Long-Term Effects: - Agitation and

which leads to temporary memory loss -
Slow pulse rate and heart rate - Below
normal breathing pattern -Low blood
pressure -Inability to concentrate and poor
judgment - Confusion and irritability -
Dizziness and lightheadedness - Slurred
speech - Loss of body balance and
sluggishness – Depression.
aggressive behaviors - Depression leading
to mental disorders - Hypertension or high
blood pressure - cardiovascular diseases
- Paralysis of the muscles and nerves -
Brain stroke - Chronic liver disease -
Renal or kidney failure - Cancer of the
colon and other form of cancer – Diabetes
- Coma and death

31
 Short-Term Effects: -Unclear speech -Poor Long-Term Effects: -Loss of
Coordination -Euphoria -Dizziness -Nausea - hearing -Uncontrolled muscle
Feeling of lightheadedness -Foul breath - spasms -Brain damage -Nerve
Hallucinations -Delusions –‘‘‘ Damage -Bone marrow
damage

Short-Term Effects: -Drowsiness – Euphoria Long-Term Effects: - Development of diseases

- Loss of appetite - Vomiting – Nausea - Muscle
cramps and pain - Chills and shaking - Weight
loss - Difficulty in sleeping - Difficulty in
breathing - Inflammation of the veins - Panic
attacks
like hepatitis, tetanus and HIV-AIDS due to
needle sharing - Overdose leading to coma and
death

What I Have Learned

How drugs of abuse can be a burden to your:

1. Health/Psychological – drugs of abuse can be sources of the causes of

major diseases, injuries, and health risk factors. Mental illness is a global
health concern as a crucial effect of illicit drugs to drug users. It can even lead
to loss of life/death.

2. Socio-Cultural – leads to family and relationship instability. The

community society burdens the cause and effects made by drug abusers such
as health issues, threat to security/safety, and welfare dependence

3. Economic/Legal- This may be caused by money spent on substances, or

money problems associated with the loss of jobs or reliance on public
assistance. Instead of focusing on economic progress, the government and
law enforcing agencies continues to exert boundless effort to enforce laws
related to drug use, misuse and abuse and perform duties and responsibilities
in its fight against illicit drugs.

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