UNIT-V Important Questions

1.A four-cylinder engine running at 1200 rpm delivers 20 kW. The average torque when one
cylinder was cut is 110 Nm. Find the indicated thermal efficiency if the calorific value of the
fuel is 43 MJ/kg and the engine uses 360 grams of gasoline per kW h.

2.A four stroke four-cylinder gasoline engine has a bore of 60 mm and a stroke of 100 mm. On
test it develops a torque of 66.5 Nm when running at 3000 rpm. If the clearance volume in each
cylinder is 60 cc the relative efficiency with respect to the brake thermal efficiency is 0.5 and
the calorific value of the fuel is 42 MJ/kg. Determine the fuel consumption in kg/h and the
BMEP.

3.A six-cylinder, gasoline engine operates on the four-stroke cycle. The bore of each cylinder
is 80 mm and the stroke 100 mm. The clearance volume per cylinder is 70 cc. At a speed of
4000 rpm the fuel consumption is 20 kg/h and the torque developed is 150 Nm. Calculate (i)
the brake power (ii) the brake mean effective pressure (iii) brake thermal efficiency if the
calorific value of the fuel is 43000 kJ/kg and (iv) the relative efficiency on a brake power basis
assuming the engine works on the constant volume cycle. γ = 1.4 for air.

4.Following observations were recorded during a single cylinder oil engine: bore 300 mm,
stroke 450 mm, speed 300 r.p.m. IMEP 6 bar, net brake load kN. brake drum diameter 1.8
meters. brake rope diameter 2 cm. 1.5 Calculate the Indicated power ii. Brake power iii.
Mechanical efficiency.

5.An eight-cylinder, four-stroke engine of 9 cm bore and 8 cm stroke with a compression ratio
of 7 is tested at 4500 rpm on a dynamometer which has 54 cm arm. During a 10 minutes test
the dynamometer scale beam reading was 42 kg and the engine consumed 4.4 kg of gasoline
having a calorific value of 44000 kJ/kg. Air 27 ◦C and 1 bar was supplied to the carburettor at
the rate of 6 kg/min. Find (i) the brake power delivered (ii) the brake mean effective pressure
(iii) the brake specific fuel consumption (iv) the brake specific air consumption (v) the brake
thermal efficiency.
6.The following details were noted in a test on a four-cylinder, four-stroke engine,diameter =
100 mm; stroke = 120 mm; speed of the engine =1600 rpm; fuel consumption = 0.2
kg/min; calorific value of fuel is 44000 kJ/kg; difference in tension on either side of the brake
pulley = 40 kg; brake circumference is 300 cm. If the mechanical efficiency is 80%, calculate
(i) brake thermal efficiency (ii) indicated thermal efficiency (iii) indicated mean effective
pressure and (iv) brake specific fuel consumption

7.The following observations were recorded during a trial of a four-stroke, single- cylinder oil
engine. Duration of trial is 30 min; oil consumption is 4 litres; calorific value of the oil is 43
MJ/kg; specific gravity of the fuel = 0.8; average area of the indicator diagram = 8.5 cm2;
Length of the indicator diagram = 8.5 cm; spring constant = 5.5 bar/cm; brake load = 150 kg;
spring balance reading = 20 kg; effective brake wheel diameter = 1.5 m; speed = 200 rpm;
cylinder diameter = 30 cm; stroke = 45 cm; jacket cooling water = 10 kg/min; temperature rise
is 36 ◦C. Calculate (i) indicated power (ii) brake power (iii) mechanical efficiency (iv) brake
specific fuel consumption in kg/kW h and (v) indicated thermal efficiency.

8.Find the air-fuel ratio of a four-stroke, single-cylinder, air-cooled engine with fuel
consumption time for 10 cc is 20.4 s and air consumption time for 0.1 m3 is 16.3 s. The load
is 17 kg at the speed of 3000 rpm. Find also brake specific fuel consumption in g/kW h and
brake thermal efficiency. Assume the density of air as 1.175 kg/m3 and specific gravity of fuel
to be 0.7. The lower heating value of fuel is 43 MJ/kg and the dynamometer constant is 5000.

9.A gasoline engine working on four- stroke develops a brake power of 20.9 kW. A Morse test
was conducted on this engine and the brake power (kW) obtained when each cylinder was
made inoperative by short circuiting the spark plug is 14.9, 14.3, 14.8 and 14.5 respectively.
The test was conducted at constant speed. Find the indicated power, mechanical efficiency and
brake mean effective pressure when all the cylinders are firing. The bore of the engine is 75mm
and the stroke is 90 mm. The engine is running at 3000 rpm
10.The air flow to a four cylinder, four-stroke oil engine is measured by means of a 5 cm
diameter orifice having a coefficient of discharge of 0.6. During a test on the engine the
following data were recorded: bore =10 cm; stroke = 12 cm; speed = 1200 rpm; brake torque
= 120 Nm; fuel consumption = 5 kg/h; calorific value of fuel = 42 MJ/kg; pressure drop across
orifice is 4.6 cm of water; ambient temperature and pressure are 17◦C and 1 bar respectively.
Calculate (i) the thermal efficiency on brake power basis; (ii) the brake mean effective pressure
and (iii) the volumetric efficiency based on free air condition.

11.A four-cylinder four-stroke S.I. engine has a compression ratio of 8 and bore of 100 mm,
with stroke equal to the bore. The volumetric efficiency of each cylinder is equal to 75%. The
engine operates at a speed of 4800 r.p.m. with an air-fuel ratio 15. Given that the calorific value
of fuel = 42 MJ/kg, atmospheric density = 1.12 kg/m3, mean effective pressure in the cylinder
= 10 bar and mechanical efficiency of the engine = 80%, determine the indicated thermal
efficiency and the brake power.

12.A single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine running at 1800 r.p.m. has a bore of 85 mm and
a stroke of 110 mm. It takes 0.56 kg of air per minute and develops a brake power output of 6
kW while the air-fuel ratio is 20:1. The calorific value of the fuel used is 42550 kJ/kg, and the
ambient air density is 1.18 kg/m3. Calculate. (i) The volumetric efficiency, and (ii) Brake
specific fuel consumption.

13.A six-cylinder, four-stroke ‘Petrol engine’ having a bore of 90 mm and stroke of 100 mm
has a compression ratio of 7. The relative efficiency with reference to indicated thermal
efficiency is 55% when the indicated specific fuel consumption is 0.3 kg/kWh. Estimate the
calorific value of the fuel and fuel consumption (in kg/h), given that the imep is 8.5 bar and
speed is 2500 r.p.m.

14.A six-cylinder, 4-stroke SI engine having a piston displacement of 700 cm3 per cylinder
developed 78 kW at 3200 r.p.m. and consumed 27 kg of petrol per hour. The calorific value of
petrol is 44 MJ/kg. Estimate: (i) The volumetric efficiency of the engine if the air-fuel ratio is
12 and intake air is at 0.9 bar, 32°C. (ii) The brake thermal efficiency, and (iii) The brake
torque. For air, R = 0.287 kJ/kgK.

15.In a test of an oil engine under full load condition the following results were obtained.
I.p = 33 kW
brake power = 27 kW
Fuel used = 8 kg/h
Rate of flow of water through gas calorimeter = 12 kg/min
Cooling water flow rate = 7 kg/min
Calorific value of fuel = 43 MJ/kg
Inlet temperature of cooling water = 15 °C
Outlet temperature of cooling water = 75 °C
Inlet temperature of water to exhaust gas calorimeter = 15 °C
Outlet temperature of water to exhaust gas calorimeter = 55 °C
Final temperature of the exhaust gases = 80 °C
Room temperature = 17 °C
Air-fuel ratio on mass basis = 20
mean specific heat of exhaust gas = 1 kJ/kg K
Specific heat of water = 4.18 J/kg K
Draw up a heat balance sheet and estimate the thermal and mechanical efficiencies.

16.The following details were noted in a test on a four-cylinder, four-stroke engine,diameter

100 mm; stroke = 120 mm; speed of the engine 1600 rpm; fuel consumption = 0.2 kg/min;
calorific value of fuel is 44000 kJ/kg, difference in tension on either side of the brake pulley =
40 kg; brake circumference is 300 cm. If the mechanical efficiency is 80%, calculate (i) brake
thermal efficiency (ii) indicated thermal efficiency (iii) indicated mean effective pressure and
(iv) brake specific fuel consumption
 17.The following observations were recorded in a test of one-hour duration on a single-
cylinder oil engine working on four-stroke cycle:
Bore = 300 mm
Stroke = 450 mm
Fuel used = 8.8 kg
Calorific value of fuel = 41800 kJ/kg
Average speed = 200 r.p.m.
m.e.p. = 5.8 bar
Brake friction load = 1860 N
Quantity of cooling water = 650 kg
Temperature rise = 22°C
Diameter of the brake wheel = 1.22 m Calculate: (i) Mechanical efficiency, and (ii)
Brake thermal efficiency. Draw the heat balance sheet.

18.During a trail of a single cylinder, four stroke oil engine, the following results were obtained.
Cylinder diameter = 20 cm
Bore = 40 cm
Mean effective pressure = 6 bar
Oil consumption = 4 kg/min
Cooling water flow rate = 4.5 kg/min
Calorific value of fuel = 43 MJ/kg
Torque = 407 Nm
Speed = 250 rpm
Rise in temperature of cooling water = 45 °C
Temperature of the exhaust gases = 420 °C
Room temperature = 20 °C
Air used per kg = 30 kg
mean specific heat of exhaust gas = 1 kJ/kg K
Specific heat of water = 4.18 J/kg K
Find Indicated power, Brake power and draw up a heat balance sheet in kg/h.
19.In a trial of a single-cylinder oil engine working on dual cycle, the following observations
were made:
Compression ratio = 15, Oil consumption = 10.2 kg/h, Calorific value of fuel = 43890 kJ/kg,
Air consumption = 3.8 kg/min, Speed = 1900 r.p.m. Torque on the brake drum = 186 N-m,
Quantity of cooling water used = 15.5 kg/min, Temperature rise = 36°C, Exhaust gas
temperature = 410°C, Room temperature = 20°C, cp for exhaust gases = 1.17 kJ/kgK,
Calculate: (i) Brake power, (ii) Brake specific fuel consumption, and (iii) Brake thermal
efficiency. Draw heat balance sheet on minute basis.

20.A four-stroke gas engine has a cylinder diameter of 25 cm and stroke 45 cm. The effective
diameter of the brake is 1.6 m. The observations made in a test of the engine were as follows:
Duration of test = 40 min, Total number of revolutions = 8080, Total number of explosions =
3230, Net load on the brake = 90 kg, Mean effective pressure = 5.8 bar Volume of gas used
= 7.5 m3 , Pressure of gas indicated in meter = 136 mm water of gauge, Atmospheric
temperature = 17◦C, Calorific value of gas = 19 MJ/m3 at NTP, Rise in temperature of
jacket cooling water = 45◦C, Cooling water supplied = 180 kg. Draw up a heat balance sheet
and estimate the indicated thermal efficiency and brake thermal efficiency. Assume
atmospheric pressure as 760 mm of Hg.