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Experimental Studies On Vibration Testing of Pipe
Experimental Studies On Vibration Testing of Pipe
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Osamu Fukuda
Saga University
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Abstract: Pipe joints have been widely utilized in industrial plants, where dynamic load of vibration is considerably
harmful for sealing performance. However, there is a lock of design codes and experimental procedures developed
for vibration testing of pipe joints. This paper proposes an experimental setup for testing of pipe joints, which use
metal gaskets, in vibratory conditions. Also, a flexible piezoelectric film sensor is introduced into this test rig for
monitoring of stress in pipes. With the proposed test rig, vibration testing of pipe joints can be conducted, therefore
further investigations such as fatigue analysis of the contact surfaces, and computational analysis of metal gaskets
and seal devices are readily available. Finally, some experimental results of a gasketed flange joint, which uses a
1.5-inch diameter stainless steel gasket, were reported.
Key–Words: Pipe joints, Metal gasket, Vibration testing, Sealing performance, Leak-free.
Gasket
Flange
Fa Fa
δ
F(t)
Ferrule α
φ dg
φ dp
Inner wall L
of groove
(a) (b) Figure 2: A cantilevered structure of pipe.
Piezoelectric sensor
CCD laser
displacement sensor
Pipe wall
M
M
Hand pump (a)
Charge
Vibration motor σ σ Amplifier
V
calculated with equivalent stiffness and equivalent in- Figure 4: (a) A piezoelectric thin film sensor adhered
ertial on the vibration side. Since δ(t) has the same to a pipe to measure stress of the pipe wall. (b)
frequency f as F (t), it can be simply expressed as Transversal effect of a piezoelectric element.
3.2 Measurement of Pipe Wall Stress Firstly, the pipe joint is properly assembled, with the
vibration motor not mounted on the pipe. Then, an in-
Usually it is difficult to measure contact stress of inter- ternal pressure of 2.5 MPa is applied to the testing rig
face between gaskets and flanges directly. This is the by a hand pump. A tee pipe segment is used to let air
reason why FEM analysis has been widely used for in the pipe out. During the whole testing process, the
evaluate characteristics of flanges and gaskets. The internal pressure level is not changed, and leakage is
vibration testing proposed in this paper is much com- examined visually. If no leakage is found for five min,
plicated, both bolt stress and stress in the pipe walls the vibration motor is mounted to the vibration side of
should be measured, with which one can estimate the the pipe, and displacement sensor is then setupped to
Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Circuits & Systems, Hangzhou, China, April 15-17, 2007 207
0.5
Table 1: A summary of the averages and standard de-
Displacement (mm)
[12] J. Hoyes, Current gasket standards development [15] N. Cheraghi, G.P. Zou, and F. Taheri,
in Europe, Sealing Technology 2003(8), 2003, Piezoelectric-Based Degradation Assess-
pp. 10–13. ment of a Pipe Using Fourier and Wavelet
[13] CEN Standard, Flanges and their joints - Qual- Analyses, Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng.
ity assurance inspection and testing of gaskets in 20, 2005, pp. 369–382.
accordance with the series of standards EN 1514 [16] M. Akiyama et al., Flexible piezoelectric pres-
and EN 12560, BS EN 14772, 2005. sure sensors using oriented aluminum nitride
[14] N. Ueno, M. Akiyama, K. Ikeda, and thin films prepared on polyethylene terephtha-
H. Takeyama, A foil type pressure sensor late films, J. Appl. Phys. 100, 2006, Article No.
using nitelide aluminum thin film, Trans. of 114318.
SICE 38, 2002, pp. 427–442. (in Japanese)