BIOLOGY- 1ST QUARTER REVIEW TEST B

A. TRUE- FALSE
____________ 1. The longer the branch lengths of phylogenetic trees, the lesser the evolutionary change has
occurred.
____________ 2.Phylogenetic bracketing is a method of inference wherein the likelihood of unknown traits is
based on their position in a phylogenetic tree.
____________ 3.The central database is Entrez.
____________ 4. GenBank is the simple text format commonly used in Bioinformatics software.
____________ 5. Vertebrae is a symplesiomorphic character shared by all organisms in the phylogenetic tree.
____________ 6. Fungal species is a better choice for the outgroup than a plant species since animals and fungi
share a more recent common ancestor.
____________ 7. The terminal branches and leaves can be rotated about a node to generate equivalent trees
without affecting taxa relationships.
____________ 8. Cytochrome-c oxidase I gene is used for universal plant barcoding.
____________ 9. Homologous molecular sequences refer to the sequences of two species showing several
different sites and may simply be coincidental matches.
____________ 10. In a cladogram, a branch may have another branch if organisms have synapomorphies or
shared derived characters.
____________ 11. The lengths of the branches of the trees do not indicate the lineage’s degree of evolutionary
change.
____________ 12. In maximum likelihood, the tree with the highest compound probability of character distribution
is the best tree and most likely to be true.
____________ 13. Pattern finding measures the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to
regions of a genome.
____________ 14. The formation of orthologous genes is a product of speciation.
____________ 15. In HKY85 model, the four nucleotide bases have equal frequencies and rate of substitution.
____________ 16. Ernst Haeckel proposed the five kingdoms which have two major divisions, Prokaryotae and
Eukaryotae.
____________ 17. Animals is the most diverse of all Kingdoms due to diversity in insects.
____________ 18. Fungi can be unicellular and multicellular.
____________ 19. Eukarya are resistant to most antibiotics that affect eukaryotic cells.
____________ 20. The cell walls of Bacteria, unlike Archaea and the Eukarya, contain peptidoglycan.

B. VISUALIZING CONCEPTS

1. Identify the following in the sample cladogram below:

A. Plesiomorphy

B. Symplesiomorphy

C. Synapomorphy

D. Autopomorphy

E. Basal taxa

F. Derived taxa

2. Identify the following as:

A. Monophyletic

B. Paraphyletic

C. Polyphyletic
3. Study cladogram 1 and answer questions 1-5.

1. Which species is the outgroup? (1 point) ______________________________

2. Which character evolved first? (1 point) _________________________
3. What character trait separates salamanders and lizards? (1 point) _________________________
4. What is the highest possible number of clades in the cladogram? (1 point) __________________
5. Which is more closely related: a chimp and a mouse, or a mouse and a pigeon? Explain. (2 points)

4. Refer to the illustration below.

Which number represents the most recent common ancestor of:

6. all bears? (1 point) __________
7. Sloth bears and Spectacled bears? (1 point) ____________
8. Asian black bear and Brown bear? (1 point) __________
9. Which species is the outgroup among the bears? (1 point) ______________
10. According to the cladogram, which is more closely related to the Sun bear: the Sloth bear or the
Polar bear? Explain. (2 points)
ANSWER KEY
A. TRUE/FALSE
1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. FALSE
9. FALSE
10. TRUE
11. TRUE
12. TRUE
13. FALSE
14. TRUE
15. FALSE
16. FALSE
17. TRUE
18. TRUE
19. FALSE
20. TRUE