Fluid Mixing

Muhamad Fakrul Hakimi Bin Jafri (2020847358)

Muhamad Iqbal Bin Mohd Noor (2020607946)
Nur Fathiah Aliah Binti Abd Mutalib (2020618348)
Qasdina Yusrina Binti Mohamad Ludin (2020828108)
Fatin Najihah Binti Anuar (2020898336)

Abstract
Introduction
Objective
Theory

Procedure

1) General start-up
i) The power outlet is switched on.
ii) All The tightening screws are fastened.
iii) The working area is guaranteed to be clean and dry.
iv) By using the lifting chain attached to the shaft, the shaft is lifted up.
v) The experiment is carried out.

2) Experiment 1
i) The tank is filled up with water up to the depth of 30L.
ii) Flat paddle is attached with the end of the shaft.
iii) The flow pattern is observed and drawn.
iv) The procedures are repeated by replacing the flat paddle with another impellers; propeller
mixer and turbine at constant speed.
v) The procedures are also repeated with the baffles fitted into the tank with each flat paddle,
propeller mixer and turbine respectively at the same speed.

3) Experiment 2
The general start up procedure was performed. The tank was filled with 30 L of hydraulic oil. A
flat paddle impeller was attached at the end of the shaft. The angular speed impeller was set up
to 200 rpm , 250 rpm , 300 rpm and 350 rpm. The flow pattern of the oil was observed at every
angular speed and the torque was recorded. Step 4 and 5 was repeated by replacing the flat
paddle impeller with the turbine impeller. Step 3 and 5 were also repeated by replacing baffles
inside the tank with each flat paddle impeller and turbine impeller. The angular speed , force
and power consumed for each speed were calculated.

4) General shut-down
i) Any liquid inside the tank is removed by opening the outlet valve.
ii) To make sure there is no oil residue after the experiment, the tank is rinsed
iii) The impeller inside the tank is removed and washed cleanly after use.
iv) The power outlet is switched off.

Result and discussion

1) Experiment 1 (table,graph, calculation)

(A) Water flow pattern without baffle inside tank. (200rpm)

TYPES OF IMPELLER FLOW PATTERN

Flat paddle Water moves in circular motion with

increased velocity and forms a deep whirlpool
at the centre of the tank where the impeller is
inserted.

Turbine impeller Water moves in circular motion with

increased velocity and forms a whirlpool at
the centre of the tank where the impeller is
inserted.

Propellor water for propeller mounted in angular-

off-center position.
Table 1: flow pattern inside tank without baffle

(B) Water flow pattern with baffle inside tank

TYPES OF IMPELLER FLOW PATTERN

Flat paddle Water circulates uneven clockwise and

moves in scatter with high velocity.

Turbine impeller water circulation In uneven circular motion

with high velocity.

Propellor Water for propellor mounted on-center

Table 2: flow pattern inside tank with baffle

2) Experiment 2 (table, graph, calculation)

Angular
Type of Angular Torque
speed, ω Force (N) Power (W)
impeller speed (rpm) (Nm)
(rad/s)

Turbine 200 10.47 0.00 0.00 0.00

 250 20.94 0.40 5.00 8.38

impeller 300 31.42 2.00 25.00 62.84

350 41.89 3.50 43.75 146.615

200 10.24 2.70 33.75 27.648

Flat paddle 250 20.95 6.70 83.75 140.365

impeller 300 31.42 9.70 121.25 304.775

350 41.89 16.0 200 670.24

Calculation experiment 2 (flat paddle blade)

Torque arm radius = 0.08m

Angular speed = rpm x 2π /60

= 200 x 2π /60
= 20.94 rad/s

Torque = Force x Torque arm radius (m)

Force = Torque /Torque arm radius

= 2.7 /0.08
= 33.75 Nm

Power = Torque x angular speed

= 2.7Nm x 20.94 rad/s
= 56.54 W

3) Discussion experiment 1 and 2

 Experiment 1's goal is to see how flat paddle impellers and turbine impellers create
water flow patterns that can mix fluid well with or without baffles. The experiment was carried
out at a constant speed (200 rpm). We can observe that the water flow pattern is dependent on
the impeller used and the presence of baffles based on the results of the flow patterns. We are
not employing baffles in the initial phase of this experiment. When we use a flat paddle impeller,
the water moves in a circular motion with increased velocity, forming a deep whirlpool in the
tank's centre where the impeller is installed.

Conclusion

Experiment 2 showed that flat paddle impellers use the most power compared to turbine
impellers. As can be observed, flat paddle impellers use a lot of power due to their strong shear-
thinning behaviour.

Recommendation

There are several precautions that should be observed before doing the experiment.
First, verify that the equipment is in proper working order, and it is recommended that repairs
and maintenance be performed on equipment that has been used often. To avoid parallax
mistakes, make sure our eyes are perpendicular to the tank's scale when filling it with water,
and don't pour the water over the edge by speeding up too quickly. Next, make sure the balance
is in excellent working order because it will affect the reading for the force balance in relation to
the impellers' individual speeds. Use several different colours of plastic pellets, so that the flow
pattern could be easily observed and the movement of the plastic pellets could be plainly
viewed.

References