FORESTS

Q1. Give reasons for low percentage of forest cover in Pakistan?

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Q2. Explain the importance of forests.

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hich is used by local people to cook their food.

als, birds and

insects.

Q3. Explain the importance of forests for the conservation of environment.

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hem.

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Q4. Why there is little or no vegetation above snow line?
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Q5. Explain how physical factors such as relief and climate give rise to a high proportion of forests
vegetation in KPK.
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th.

soils.
Q6. Describe the factors that determine the types of forests found in Pakistan.
KEY POINTS:
n and the Balochistan Plateau resulted in bare vegetation.

forests occur that change with the altitude.

growth of riparian / riveraine and mangrove forests.

Q7. Why Balochistan, the largest province of Pakistan has the lowest forest cover?
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treams.

Q8. Describe the distribution of areas with natural forests.

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Q9. Describe the distribution of areas with irrigated forests.

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f Sindh

Q10. Name the areas where Alpine forests are found in Pakistan.
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 Q11. Name the species of Alpine forests
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Q12. Describe the feature of Alpine Forests

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in closely packed cluster

Q13. Suggest reasons for the features of Alpine forests.
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and reduce evaporation.

the cold.

provides strong anchorage / support in the ground.

in this formation.
Q14. Give the importance of Alpine Forests.
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sed as firewood.

Q15. Name the areas where coniferous forests are found in Pakistan.
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and Rawalpindi

Q16. Name the species of coniferous forests.

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Q17. Give the importance of coniferous forests.
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aper is made from coniferous trees

basket, trays pots etc.

Q18. How paper is made from Coniferous trees?
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ndividual fibers.

wire screen.

eeze out the remaining water and finally it is

pressed to a smooth surface.

Q19. Describe the features of Coniferous Trees.

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edles are coated with wax.

in colour.

Q20. Suggest reasons for the features of coniferous forests.

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for rapid growth.

aped upside down to protect the branches from breaking under the weight of snow.
The snow slides down due to this shape.

long time because they don’t use much of their energy to make new leaves.
rate deeply because their natural habitat is in mountainous shallow soil which is
quite hard to penetrate.

horage against winds.

Q21. What is the difference between an Alpine and Coniferous Forest?
KEY POINTS:

between the altitudes of 1000 m – 4000 m.

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 pine forests are small in size because their growth is slow on account of low temperature and less
sunlight. Coniferous trees are tall and straight in attempt to reach the sunlight.
Q22. Name the areas for Tropical Thorn Forests.
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Q23. Name the species of Tropical Thorn Forests.

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Q24. Describe the features of Tropical Thorn Forests.

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Q25. Suggest reasons for the features of Tropical Thorn Forests.

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-transpiration

low rainfall. Overgrazing also

makes its contribution.

Q26. Give the importance of Tropical Thorn Forests?

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Q27. Name the areas with Sub – Tropical Dry Forests?

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an Range
Q28. Name the species of Sub – Tropical Dry Forests?
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 Q29. Describe the features of Sub – Tropical Dry Forests.
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d deciduous species

Q30. Suggest reasons for the features of Sub – Tropical Dry Forests?
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vapo – transpiration

Q40. Name the areas where Riveraine forests are present.

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and its tributaries

Q41. Name the species of Riveraine Forests.

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Q42. Describe the features of Riveraine Forests.

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Q43. Suggest reasons for the features of Riveraine Forests.

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near plantations along the banks of rivers to reduce flooding of areas.

Q44. Give the importance of Riveraine Forests.

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oduct of Riveraine Forests.

Q45. Name the areas where Mangrove Forests are found in Pakistan.
KEY POINTS:
Deltaic region.

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Q46. Describe the features of Mangrove Forests.
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ip tips.

Q47. Suggest reasons for the features of Mangrove Forests.

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t.

e drip tips which

allow rain water to flow quickly.
– transpiration.
Q48. Name the species of Mangrove Forests?
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Q49. Why don’t Mangroves grow in fresh water swaps?

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ters.
Q50. Give the importance of Mangrove Forests.
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unds for livestock (camels)

duce sedimentation from the sea.

Q51. How do Mangroves survive in salt water?

KEY POINTS:
er stems which act as a barrier to salt, preventing it
from entering into plant’s tissues.

U – shape.

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 Q52. Explain how human factors have given rise to a decline of Mangrove Forests.
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belt.

Q53. What are the harmful effects by clearing Mangrove Forests from the coast?
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Q54. What are the efforts of WWF to protect Mangrove Forests in Pakistan?
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d Jiwani in Balochistan; whereas
Sands-pit in Karachi.

– Creek in the Indus Delta

with the support of WWF.
Q55. Give advantages of developing more irrigated plantations of trees in Pakistan.
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forest products.
ngs.

-transpiration and thus more rainfall.

ing carbon dioxide.

Q56. Name the species of Irrigated Plants.

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– Wood Tree

ucalyptus

Q57. Explain how deforestation can cause soil erosion.

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filtered into the ground.

-transpiration occurs.

Q58. Name the areas which are most affected by the Deforestation.
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 Q59. How deforestation has caused problems for communication in the Northern Areas?
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munication network.

Q60. Explain the causes of deforestation in Pakistan.

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n of new roads and railway lines.

g of wood bases accessories.

Q61. How soil can be protected in Mountainous areas?
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d terracing.
Q62. How deforestation affects water supplies?
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-transpiration thus less rainfall.

channels and damages the machineries of hydro-electric plants.

Q63. State the ways by which the damage done by the deforestation could be reduced.
KEY POINTS:

ting, terracing, contour ploughing and strip cultivation etc. on mountain slopes.

od.

Q64. What are the effects of deforestation on the land and people of Pakistan?
KEY POINTS:

aridity and low crop yield due to less evapo-transpiration

– based industries would suffer if there will be no forests in Pakistan.

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 Q65. Why is Afforestation called a long – term investment?
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Q66. Name the Afforestation Projects of Pakistan.

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– Mangla Watershed Management Project
– Doab Afforestation Project.

Q67. How sustainable forestry can be achieved?

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o regenerate the cut over areas.

monitor the forested areas and keep the data updated.

in Afforestation Projects
Q68. Why sustainable forestry is important to Pakistan?
KEY POINTS:

es within
our life time.

al resources it is important for the citizens

and policy makers to utilize existing resources for a better today and spectacular tomorrow.

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 GLOSSARY
Define the terms: (a) Production Forests (b) Protection Forests (c) Snow line (d) Evergreen Forests
(e) Deciduous Forests (f) Linear Plantation (g) Terracing (h) Contour Ploughing (i) Strip Farming
(j) Selective cutting (k) Deforestation (l) Afforestation (m) Re-Afforestation (n) Sustainable Forestry

(a) These forests are of great commercial use. They produce natural resources like timber and other
products extracted from various types of trees. The canopy of these types of forest rarely has a canopy end.

(b) These forests are marked by planting along the road sides, parks or near railway lines. Protection
forests as compared to productive forests have low commercial value as their supply of variable species
of wood is not very adequate.

(c) Snow line is a point which is covered by snow or ice on the ground throughout the year. It usually
exists above 4500 meters where hardly any vegetation is found.

(d) Evergreen forests are those forests which maintain the green leaves throughout the year and the
plant leaves dropped away rate is very slow and hence not all the leaves drops at the same time in
winter / autumn even.

(e) In Deciduous Forests the plant leaves are periodically dropped off especially in winter. To prevent
water loss trees shed their leaves in winter.

(f) These are the trees which are planted by humans more likely in a linear way along the rivers
and roadsides to add the beautification, e.g. green belt between two roads.

(g) A method of shaping land to control erosion on mountain slopes by making the land level.
Terracing prevent erosion by shortening the long slopes into a series of shorter more level steps. This allows
heavy rains to soak into the soil rather than run off and cause erosion.

(h) Contour Ploughing is a method of ploughing plants parallel to the contours rather than up or down
a slope. It is used to check soil erosion and the formation of gullies.

(i) Strip farming is a method of farming used when a slope is too steep or too long. Strip farming is a method
to closely sow crops such as wheat with strips of corn, cotton or sugar-beets etc. Strip farming helps to stop soil erosion by
creating natural dams for water helping to preserve the strength of soil.

(j) Selective cutting is a method of logging. Unlike clearing the whole forests, this includes cutting down only
those trees which are large and valuable to cut down.

(k) Deforestation means the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted
to a not forest use.

(l) Afforestation means to establish a forest especially on the land not previously forested.

(m) Reestablishment of a forest, either by natural regeneration or by planting in the area where a forest was
once removed.

(n) Sustainable forestry means managing our forest resources to meet the needs we have today with our interfering with our
future generation’s need.

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