1. Title: Burned coconut husk with coconut oil as alternative calligraphy ink.

- The researcher chose this topic after noticing while researching the title that
coconut is the Philippines' most important crop and major export, and despite
steady growth in coconut exports, the coconut sector has not seen significant
progress in recent years, so the researcher now wants to focus on researching,
producing, and/or developing other coconut products. As well as assisting
calligraphers in having a burnt coconut husk with coconut oil as an alternative
calligraphy ink as a writing tool.
2. CONDITIONS that give rise to my RESEARCH problem. “What have you observed?
a. About my title that had me interested
- The unorganized supply chain, coconut's vulnerability to global
price fluctuations, low farm productivity, which stems from
cocolisap infestations, the aging of the current crop of coconut
trees and poor nutrition, inadequate infrastructure support and
poor farm to market roads, low allocation on research and
development (R&D), and the presence of corruption and
bureaucracy are among the identified problems in the industry
(Ani and Aquino 2016 Lapina and Andal 2017). (Castillo, FFTC
Agricultural Policy Platform(FFTC-AP), 2019)
b. Proportion of Whole Coconut Waste
- Overall, a complete coconut fruit can create 47–50 percent husk
waste and 14–15 percent shell trash. The findings also revealed
that husk and shell wastes account for 62–66 percent of the
whole coconut, which might be regarded a useful bioresource
for sustainable energy production in fuel-short societies.
(George Yaw Obeng, 2020)
c. Cost of calligraphy ink base on quality of the ink.
- Calligraphy inks are usually pigmented, which means their color
comes from finely crushed up solid materials, comparable to
paint, rather than dissolved dyes. The particles settle over time,
much like oil and water, and the ink containers must be shaken.
A fountain pen will become clogged with these particles. Certain
inks, such as India ink, include gum arabic, a thickening
ingredient that will clog a fountain pen even more. (Wideman,
Calligraspace, 2021)
3. IDEAL CONDITION would have been?
a. The composition of coconut husk extract used for making ink.
- Because coconut husk contains a lot of lignin and cellulose, it
has a high calorific value of 18.62MJ/kg. Coconut husks contain
cellulose, lignin, pyroligneous acid, gas, charcoal, tar, tannin,
and potassium in their chemical makeup. Coconut husks are
most commonly utilized in direct combustion to generate
charcoal; otherwise, the husks are discarded and the charcoal
can be used to make ink. (Zafar S. , 2021)
 b. Environmental advantages of coconut husk charcoal production
- Coconut shells are used as raw materials for activated carbon
production because of their plentiful supply, high density, and
purity, as well as the fact that they appear to have a clear
environmental advantage over coal-based carbons, especially in
terms of acidification potential, non-renewable energy demand,
and carbon footprint. Life Cycle Assessment and process
analysis are used to assess all environmental interactions across
the phases of an activated carbon manufacturing chain's life
cycle, in terms of energy and natural resource inputs and
emission outputs to various environmental compartments. By
constructing mass and energy balances for each of the process
units in the production chain, estimates for environmental
burdens during the life cycle have been established. The findings
show which operations have the most impact on the
environmental performance of activated carbon manufacturing
and, as a result, where changes are needed. (Noemi Arena,
2016)
c. Ideal condition 3: Cite 2 possible related ideal conditions.
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4. Three (3) possible reasons for the DISCREPANCY between # 3 and # 4 are. :
(Each DISCREPANCY must have at least 2 related literature)
a. Discrepancy 1: Cite 2 possible related literature on the discrepancy
b. Discrepancy 2: Cite 2 possible related literature on the discrepancy
c. Discrepancy 3: Cite 2 possible related literature on the discrepancy
5. The following three (3) interventions have been done to solve the problem and
the outcomes were: : (Each intervention must have at least 2 related literature)
a. Intervention 1: Cite 2 possible related intervention
b. Intervention 2: Cite 2 possible related intervention
c. Intervention 3: Cite 2 possible related intervention
6. The following facts and findings have been reported in related studies about the
problem. : (Each RECOMMENDATION must have at least 2 related literature)
a. Find 1: Cite 2 possible related literature/study about this fact.
b. Find 2: Cite 2 possible related literature/study about this fact.
c. Find 3: Cite 2 possible related literature/study about this fact.
7. My research Problem is: (STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM) : (Each SOP must have
at least 2 related literature)
a. SOP 1: Cite 2 possible related literature based on your title
b. SOP 2: Cite 2 possible related literature based on your title
c. SOP 3: Cite 2 possible related literature based on your title