Postgraduate Program Directorate

College of Business and Economics

Department Of Economics
Stream EnergyEconomics (M.S.C)
AssignmentofInternationalEnergyMarket

Title: - Power Outage Data and Description

Submitted by: ID No

1. EBISA DIRIBIGAMADA ………………PGP/937/13

2. MOHAMMED ABDULLA HASSEN………….…..PGP /942/13

Submitted to: ABDELA MOHAMMED OUMER (PH.D)

January 15, 2022

Haramaya, Ethiopia
Abbreviations
ATM. Automatic Tele Machine

 HU Haramaya University
 IT (OP) Interruption (Operation)
 OP Operation
 PEC Permanent Earth Circuit
 PEF Permanent Earth Fault
 PSC Permanent Short Circuit
 TEF Temporary Earth Fault
 TSC Temporary Short Circuit
 WB World Bank
 Power Outage Data and Description
Day Outage time Frequency Total time Cause Cause Location

September 1 02:36 - 02:37 01 00:01 TSC

September 2
September 3
September 4
September 5
September 6
September 7
September 8 16:30 - 17:06 01 00:36 PSC
September 9 15:50 - 16:13 01 00: 23 OP HU
September 10
September 11
September 12
September 13 22:26 - 22:27 01 00:01 TSC
September 14 15:46-15:47 02 00:1 TSC
16:02-16:03 00:01 TSC
September 15 10:20-10:31 02 00:11 Operation
14:50-14:52 00:02 TSC
September 16
September 17 05:20-07:54 02 02:34 TSC
07:15-07:22 00:07 PSC
September 18
September 19 19:36-1937 01 00:01 TSC Hu
September 20
September 21
September 22
September 23 14:36-14:37 02 00:01 TEF Hu
 02:36-02:37 00:01 TSC
September 24
September 25
September 26 ,
September 27 14:38-14:39 02 00:01 TSC
16:42-16:43 00:01 TSC
05:57-08:00 01 07:57 TSc
September 29

Total power outage Total Duration Hour

Frequency in September =16 in September =11:59

Power Outage Data and Description

Day Outage time Frequency Total Hours Cause Cause Location
October 1
October 2
October 3
October 4
October 5 12:22-1224 01 00:02 TSC
October 6
October 7

October8 02:16-08:34 02 06:18 OP

16:32-17:02 00:30 PSC

October 9

October 10
October 11

October 12

October 13
October 14
October 15 14:40-15:12 02 00:32 PSC
14:10-14:23 00:13 PSC
October 16
October 17
October 18 11:50-12:10 01 00:20 OP
October 19 16:52-16:54 01 00:02 TSC
October 20
October 21
October 22 13:30-13:32 01 00:02 TSC
October 23
October 24
October 25
October 26 15:41-16:08 01 00:27 PSC

October 27 15:08-15:09 01 00:01 TSC

October 28

October 29 10:36-1037 01 00:01 TSC

Total power outage Total Duration Hour

Frequency in October=11 in October =08:38
Power Outage Data and Description
Day Outage time Frequency Total Hours Cause Cause Location
November 1 08:36-08-37 01 00:01 TSC
November 2 03:18-03:19 01 00:01 TSC
November 3
November 4
November 5
November 6 04:02-04:03 01 00:01 TSC
November 7 01:13-01:14 01 00:01 TSC
November 8
November 9 11:57-02:00 01 02:03 TSC
November 10 04:44-05:45 01 01:01 Operation
November 11
November 12 09:18-09:19 01 00:01 Interruption (TSC)

November 13
November 14 12:10-12:40 01 00:30 Operation

November 15
November 16 10:02-10:03 01 00:01 Interruption (TSC)
November 17 07:13-07:14 01 00:01 Interruption (TSC)

November 18
November 19 10:44-11:45 01 01:01
November 20 08:28-08:29 02 00:01 Interruption (TSC)
14:48-14:49 00:01 Interruption (TSC)
November 21 11:32-11:34 03 00:02 Interruption (TSC)
11:48-11:49 00:01 Interruption (TSC)
13:30-13:44 00:14 PSC
November 22 10:15-10:20 02 00:05 Interruption (TSC)
16:20-16:40 00:20 Interrupt (Operation)
November 23 11:44-13:10 01 01:26

November 24 09:46-0947 06 00:01 Interruption (TSC)

 12:42-12:43 00:01 TEF
13:29-13:30 00:01 TEF
13:36-13:37 00:01 TEF

14:14-14:41 00:27 PEF

15:46-15:47 00:01 TEF
November 25
November 26
November 27

Total power outage Total Duration Hour

Frequency in November =24 in November =7:41

Total power outage frequency in three Month = 51

Total Duration Hour in three month = 18:18

THE REASON POWER OUTAGE

There are many causes of power failures in an electricity network. E.g. of these causes include
faults at power stations, damage to electric transmission lines, substations or other parts of the
distribution system, a short circuit, cascading failure, fuse or circuit breaker operation.
Storms: Wind, heat, ice and snow are the most common causes of widespread power outages.
Trees: During high winds, or trimming by an untrained professional, limbs can come into contact
with power lines and cause interruptions.
According to Haramaya Substation say that When weather conditions create a high risk for a
wildfire, we may temporarily shut off power to your neighborhood to prevent our electric system
from becoming the source of ignition. These outages are called Public Safety Power Shutoffs.
Power cuts happen more often when it rains because lightning strikes and heavy winds can
damage lines and Cause power surges. Rainwater also reduces the insulation capacity of
electronics, so the fuses will short circuit more easily. Sometimes there are precautionary power
cuts
Effect on Economics:
A power outage may: Disrupt communications, water and transportation. Close retail businesses,
grocery stores, gas stations, ATMs, banks and other services. Cause food spoilage and water
contamination, (WB.Aug 31, 2021)
Momentary interruptions of power can last up to a few seconds and are usually caused by a
temporary short circuit. ... When this happens, special electrical equipment is designed to quickly
open and close the breaker two or three times automatically, in separate attempts, to clear the
temporary short circuit.
Pick a different place to sleep. Basements, ground floors, and indoor hammocks may all be better
options for temporarily weathering a heat wave. Open all the doors in your house to keep air
circulaiogqht before bed.
For a company that relies on electrical equipment, a power outage means employees may not be
able to undertake their tasks, thus resulting in the loss of productivity. A loss of productivity can
lead to less inventory and therefore, a loss of revenue

Reference
Haramaya Electric power Utility Office, (October 5, 2021)
Haramaya Electric power Utility Station, (September1, 2021)
Haramaya University Building and Machinery Maintenance Office, (November05, 2021)
World Bank, August 31, 2021

How do power outages affect the economy?

Over this period, weather-related outages are estimated to have cost the U.S. economy an
inflation-adjusted annual average of $18 billion to $33 billion. ... The costs of outages take
various forms including lost output and wages, spoiled inventory, delayed production,
inconvenience and damage to the electric grid.

Loss productivity

For a company that relies on electrical equipment, a power outage means employees may not be
able to undertake their tasks, thus resulting in the loss of productivity. A loss of productivity can
lead to less inventory and therefore, a loss of revenue