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Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Independent & Dependent
Events
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Module 5: Independent and Dependent Events
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mark Angelo S. Brizo
Editor: Mark Angelo S. Brizo and Jason E. Thompson
Reviewer: Emery E. Aquino
Management Team:
Josephine L. Fadul – Schools Division Superintendent
Melanie P. Estacio - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Christine C. Bagacay – Chief – Curriculum Implementation Division
Maria Fe D. Sibuan – Education Program Supervisor – Mathematics
Lorna C. Ragos - Education Program Supervisor
Learning Resources Management

Inilimbag sa Pilipinas ng __________________________________________

Department of Education – Region XI
Office Address: F. Torres St., Davao City
Telefax: (082) 291-1665; (082) 221-6147
E-mail Address: regionxi@deped.gov.ph * lrms.regionxi@deped.gov.ph
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Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Independent & Dependent
Events
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our
dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at
home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on
lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on
completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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 Let us Learn!

In this module, you will apply the key concepts in finding the
probability of dependent and independent events. It is here to help you use
mathematical ideas in solving real-life problems or in making conclusions
and decisions.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. solve problems involving probability.

(M10SP-IIIi-j-1)

Lesson
Independent and
1 Dependent Events

Let us Try!

Choose the letter of the correct answer for each question. Read everything
carefully!

1. These are events in which the occurrence of one event affects the
occurrence of the other event.

a. independent events
b. dependent events
c. mutually exclusive events
d. non- mutually exclusive events

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2. What is the probability of occurring two independent events, A and B?

a. P(A) • P( B ∣ A )
b. P(A) • P(B)
c. P(A) + P(B)
d. P(A) − P(B)

3. A bag contains some red-colored and some blue-colored marbles. First a

red-colored marble is drawn and then, while replacing the first marble, a
blue-colored marble is drawn. What type of events was illustrated?

a. independent events
b. dependent events
c. mutually exclusive events
d. non- mutually exclusive events

4. Two marbles are drawn from a container in such a way that the first
marble drawn is replaced before selecting the second marble. Does the
outcome of the first draw affect the outcome of the second?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Need more information
d. Maybe

5. There are 2 blue balls and 4 yellow balls in a bag. If two balls are drawn
one after the other, then what is the probability of getting blue first and
yellow next, if the first ball drawn is replaced?

a. 1/3
b. 1/6
c. 1/4
d. 2/9

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 Let us Study

Concept

Independent events are events in which the occurrence of event affects

the occurrence of the other event.

Examples of independent events include drawing a card from a deck

and tossing a coin.

The probability of occurring two independent events, A and B is the

product of the two probabilities:

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) • 𝑃 (𝐵)

Two events are dependent if the occurrence of one event does affect the
occurrence of the other (e.g., random selection without replacement).

If two events, A and B, are dependent, then the probability of both

events occurring is the product of the probability of A and the probability of
B after A occurs:

𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃 (𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) • 𝑃( 𝐵 ∣ 𝐴 )

where 𝑃( 𝐵 ∣ 𝐴 ) is read as “Probability of B given A”.

Examples

1. A bag contains 1 red marble, 2 orange marbles, 3 white marbles and 4

green marbles. A marble is randomly selected, replaced, and a second
marble is randomly selected. Find the probability of selecting an orange
marble, then a green marble.

Solution:

These are independent events since there is a replacement happen in

the first draw which means number of possible outcomes on the second
draw is still the same or the events have no influence on each other.

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a. Probability of selecting an orange marble

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑙𝑒

𝑃 (𝐴 )) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

2
=
10
1
=
5

b. Probability of selecting a green marble

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑙𝑒

𝑃 (𝐵 )) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

4
=
10
2
=
5

c. P (A and B) = P (A) • P (B)

1 2
= •
5 5
2
=
25

Therefore, the probability of selecting an orange marble, then a green

2
marble is
25

2. There are 6 red roses, 4 yellow roses, and 3 white roses in a tray. If Josel
picked 2 roses one after the other without replacing, then what is the
probability of picking a white rose first and a red rose next?

Solution:

These are dependent events since no replacement happen in the first

picking which means possible outcome on the second picking is reduced
or the event of picking a red rose on the second pick is dependent on the
event of picking a white rose on the first draw.

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a. Probability of picking a white rose

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝑎 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒

𝑃 (𝐴 )) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

3
=
13

b. Probability of picking a red rose after picking a white rose

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒 after picking a white rose
𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

6 Take note that no replacement happened in the

=
12 first picked, therefore the number of possible
outcomes is deducted by 1 and that becomes 12.
1
=
2

c. P (A and B) = 𝑃(𝐴) • 𝑃 ( 𝐵 ∣ 𝐴 )

3 1
= •
13 2
3
=
26

Therefore, the probability of picking a white rose first and a red rose
3
next is .
26

3. Refer to Itemo No. 2, what is the probability of picking both red roses.

a. Probability of getting a red rose in the first picked

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒

𝑃 (𝐴 )) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

6
=
13
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 b. Probability of getting another red rose in the second picked

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑦𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒

𝑃 (𝐵/𝐴) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

5 Take note that no replacement happened in the

=
12 first picked, therefore the number of red rose
which is 6 is deducted by 1 for the 2nd pick and
that becomes 5, same thing in the possible
outcomes which is also deducted by 1 and that
becomes 12.

c. P (A and B) = 𝑃(𝐴) • 𝑃 ( 𝐵 ∣ 𝐴 )

6 5
= •
13 12
5
=
26
5
Therefore, the probability of picking both red roses is .
26

CAN-POSSIBLE

Direction: From the City Government of Tagum, you have received different
brands of sardines as food assistance. There are 6 Fammy sardines, 3 King
Sea sardines and 2 Metra sardines inside a box. Determine the probability
of every situation below.

1. If you take a sardine without looking and then take another sardine while
replacing the first, what is the probability that you will get 2 Fammy
sardines?

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2. What if you take a sardine without looking and then take another sardine
without replacing the first, what is the probability that you will get 2
Fammy sardines?

3. What is the probability that you will get a King Sea and 2 Metra sardines
if you take three sardines without looking and replacing?

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 Let us Practice More

NOODLE PACKS CHANCES

Direction: Due to Typhoon Ambo, you were given a box full of noodle packs.
There are 5 Lucy You, 2 Manni and 3 Quackshow. Determine the
probability of every situation below.

1. What is the probability that you will get 2 Lucy You noodles if you take
two noodles without looking but with replacement?

2. What if you take a noodle without looking and then take another noodle
without replacing the first, what is the probability that you will get a
Manni and a Quackshow?

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3. If you take a noodle without looking and then take another noodle
without replacing the first, what is the probability that you will get 2
Lucy You and a Quackshow?

Direction: Fill in the blank with the choices provided in the box.

Two events are _(1)___________________ if the result of the second

event is not affected by the result of the first event. If A and B are
independent events, the probability of both events occurring is the
(2)________________ of the probabilities of the individual events.
Two events are (3)________________ if the result of the first event
(4)________________ the outcome of the second event so that the probability
is changed. The probability of both events occurring is the product of the
probabilities of the individual events with the second event is affected by
the first one.

difference product dependent

independent mutually exclusive degree

affects sum does not affect

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 Let us Assess

Choose the letter of the correct answer for each question. Read
everything carefully!

1. A box contains 4 red marbles, 3 green marbles and 2 blue marbles. One
marble is removed from the box and then replaced. Another marble is drawn
from the box. What is the probability that the first marble is blue and the
second marble is green?

a. 1/12
b. 1/27
c. 2/12
d. 2/27

2. A bag contains 5 red and 5 blue balls. We remove a random ball from the
bag, record its color and put it back into the bag. We then remove another
random ball from the bag and record its color. What is the probability that
the first ball is red and the second ball is blue?

a. 1/4
b. 1/5
c. 5/9
d. 5/18

3. A jar contains 7 white marbles and 7 red marbles. What is the probability
of drawing a 2 white marbles and a red marble without replacement?

a. 1/4
b. 7/26
c. 7/52
d. 14/49

4. What is the probability of drawing two cards with a heart from a deck of
cards without replacing them back into the deck?

a. 1/7
b. 1/13
c. 1/17
d. 1/52

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 5. A basket of fruits contains 3 oranges, 5 apples, 6 guavas and 2 bananas.
Emma randomly chooses a fruit , eats it, and then randomly chooses
another fruit. What is the probability that Emma chose an apple, and
then, a guava?

a. 1/7
b. 1/8
c. 15/8
d. 15/128

Let us Enhance

Direction: Formulate a statement illustrating an independent and

dependent events.

Example:

Independent Events= Choosing two pens then replacing the first pen back in
her bag before choosing a second pen.

Dependent Events = Drawing two balls successively without replacement

from a box which contains 5 white balls, 3 blue balls and 4 red balls.

Independent Events = ___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Dependent Events =______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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 Let us Reflect

Two events are independent if the occurrence of one of the events

gives no information about whether or not the other event will occur; that is,
the events have no influence on each other. If two events, A and B, are
independent, then the probability of both events occurring is the product of
the probability of A and the probability of B. In symbols,

P(A and B) = P(A) • P(B).

When the outcome of one event affects the outcome of another event,
they are dependent events. If two events, A and B, are dependent, then the
probability of both events occurring is the product of the probability of A
and the probability of B after A occurs. In symbols,

P(A and B) = P(A) • P(B following A).

In conclusion, an event is deemed dependent if it provides information

about another event. It is independent events if it offers no information
about other events.

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Answer Keys

Lesson 1

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 References

Callanta, Melvin, et al. Mathematics Grade 10 Learners. Edited by Maxima

Acelajado. Department of Education, 2015.

Cohn, Chuck. 2007. Independent/Dependent Events. Varsity Tutors.

Retrieved on 14 August 2020 at
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/indepe
ndent-dependent-events

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Para sa mgakatanungan o puna, sumulat o tumawag sa:

Department of Education – Region XI (DepEd- XI)

F. Torres St., Davao City

Telefax: (082) 291-1665; (082) 221-6147

Email Address: regionxi@deped.gov.ph * lrms.regionxi@deped.gov.ph

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