223-304 Unit Processes For Environmental Engineering II

223-304 Unit Processes for Environmental Engineering II
Wastewater Engineering , Industrial Water Pollution, and Advanced Wastewater Treatment

Topic Page
Fundamental of process analysis, Hydraulic characteristics
of reactor.......................................................................................................... 3-9
Applications of physical unit operations in water
and waste water treatment ...........................................................................10-23
Applications of the biological operations in wastewater treatment.........24-52
Applications of chemical unit processes in water

and wastewater treatment.............................................................................53-62
Fundamental of process analysis, Hydraulic characteristics of reactor
1:
1:
2:
3:
4:
2 : Flow model Plug flow
1:
2:
3:
4:
3: Plug flow ideal reactor Non- ideal reactor
1: Plug flow
2: Plug flow
3: Plug flow
4: Dispersion number
P a g e 3 | 62
4: Kinematic viscosity Molecular diffusivity

1: Reynolds number
2: Schmidt number
3: Prandtl number
4: Nusselt number
5: Kinematic viscosity Thermal diffusivity
1: Reynolds number
2: Schmidt number
3: Prandtl number
4: Nusselt number
6:
1: Langmuir
2: Freundlich
3: Hydrostatic
4: Barometric
7:
1: Langmuir
2: Freundlich
3: Hydrostatic
4: Barometric
P a g e 4 | 62
8: Aeration
1:
2: Dissolved Oxygen DO
3:
4:
9: Stoke
1:
2:
3:
4:
10 : CSTR 8 0.125 333 mg/L
50 mg/L
1: 383 mg/L
2: 333 mg/L
3: 283 mg/L
4: 50 mg/L
:
:
:
:
:
P a g e 5 | 62
12 :
1:
13 :
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
P a g e 6 | 62
: Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs
1:
:
:
:
:
: Coagulation
2: Precipitation
3: Filtration
4: Evaporation
: CSTR
%
:3
:9
: 25
: 38
:
plug-flow reactor
: 0.1
: 0.2
: 0.4
: 2.0
P a g e 7 | 62
19 :
Batch reactor , , 9.4,
6.4 4.8 mg/l 0,15,30,45
: 0.1
: 0.2
: 0.3
: 0.4
: CSTR
: CSTR
: CSTR
3: CSTR
4: CSTR
: Surface Overflow rate
HRT
:1
:4
:2
: 0.1
22 : n k
:0
2: 1
3: 2
4:
P a g e 8 | 62
23 : head loss
head loss
coefficient
: 0.028 m
2: 0.038 m
3: 0.048 m
4: 0.058 m
P a g e 9 | 62
Applications of physical unit operations in water and waste water treatment
: fine screen
:
:
:
:
: bar rack
:
:
:
:
: Equalization tank
: Shock Load
2:
:
:
: Equalization tank
:
:
:
:
P a g e 10 | 62
:
:
2:
:
:
: Backwash
: , ,
: , ,
: , ,
: , ,
: Aeration
1:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
: gas film Gas-Liquid Interface
:
:
:
:
:
P a g e 11 | 62
:
:
:
:
:
:
: Velocity gradient
2: Viscosity of fluid
3: Tank volume
4: Overflow rate
:
: Hindered settling
2: Flocculent settling
3: Compression settling
4: Discrete particle settling
:
: Straining
2: Flocculation
3: Interception
4: Stabilization
:
:3
:4
:5
:
P a g e 12 | 62
: Physical Unit Processes

1: Aeration
: Flotation
: Filtration
:
: Coagulation-Flocculation
1: Reactor Types
: pH
: Velocity gradient
: Detention time
: Flotation
1:
:
:
:
:
: Cascade aerator
2: Multiple-tray aerator
3: Jet aerator
4: Spray-nozzle aerator
: Overflow rate
,
:
2: 10
3: 1
4: 200
P a g e 13 | 62
: Air Flotation
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
: Backwash
:
: Head loss
:
:
:
: Two-film theory
2: Three-film theory
3: Air bubble phenomenon
4: Piezoelectric theory
: Grit Chambers
:
:
:
:
P a g e 14 | 62
: Gt Velocity gradient Rapid tank mixing
: 30-60
2: 300-600
3: 3,000-6,000
4: 30,000-60,000
: Pump
:
:
:
:
: V-notch Weir 90 cm. Q =1.47
H=2.5
1: 21.5
2: 32.4
3: 43.3
4: 54.2
: Gravity flow
: 0.3 m/s
2: 0.4 m/s
3: 0.5 m/s
4: 0.6 m/s
P a g e 15 | 62
: Physical Unit Process

1: Mixing
2: Adsorption
3: Gas Transfer
4: Flow measurement
: Mixing
1:
:
:
:
:
: Weir
2: Flume
3: Pump
4: Orifice
32 : Flotation
1: Dissolved Air Flotation
2: Vacuum Flotation
3: Air flotation
4: Centrifuge Flotation
: Membrane Bio-reactor MBR
: RO
2: UF
3: NF
4: MF
P a g e 16 | 62
:
:
:
:
:
: Regeneration
:
:
:
:
: Dissolved Air Flotation DAF
:
:
3:
:
: Stripping
1: pH < 5
2: pH > 11
3: Eutrophication
4:
:
:
:
:
:
P a g e 17 | 62
: G.T.
: Velocity gradient number
2: Reynolds number
3: Camp number
4: Mixing number
:
:
:
:
:
: Mixing
:
:
: Hydraulic Jump
4:
: Thickening
:
:
:
:
: Thickening
1: Grinding
2: Flotation
3: Centrifugation
4: Sedimentation
P a g e 18 | 62
: Gas stripping
1:
:
:
:
: Chemical washing
1: NaOH
2: EDTA
3: Citric acid
4:
: Flux
1: Kg
2:
3:
4:
: Air Flotation
:
:
:
:
:
:
: RO
: Dialysis
4: Electrodialysis
P a g e 19 | 62
: cm
:
: 9.68
3: 96.8
4: 9,680
:
:
:
:
:
: Coagulation-Flocculation
1: Colloid Floc
:
: Floc
:
:
1: Head loss
:
:
P a g e 20 | 62
:
.Film Diffusion 2.Pore Diffusion
3.Adsortion 4.Molecular Transport mechanism
1: 1 2 3 4 2: 4 1 2 3
3: 4 3 1 2 4: 4 2 1 3
:
: Screening
2: Sedimentation
3: Titration
4: Filtration
:
:
2:
3:
4:
:
:
2:
3:
4:
: Dissolved Air flotation Induces Air Flotation
1:
:
:
:
P a g e 21 | 62
: Osmotic pressure
: RO
2: UF
3: MF
4:
:
: Coagulation/Flocculation Filtration Disinfection Sedimentation
2: Coagulation/Flocculation Filtration Sedimentation Disinfection
3: Coagulation/Flocculation Sedimentation Disinfection Filtration
4: Coagulation/Flocculation Sedimentation Filtration Disinfection
: Coagulation/Flocculation
1:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
: Sedimentation
: Filtration
: Disinfection
:
P a g e 22 | 62
: Aeration
1:
:
:
:
: Baffle Standard Mixing Tank
: Radial Axial
2: Axial Radial
3: Dead Volume
4: Vortex
: SOTR/AOTR
:
:
:
:
:
1: Magnetic stirrer
2: Parshall flume
3: Ultrasonic
4: Venturi tube
P a g e 23 | 62
Applications of the biological operations in wastewater treatment
: MLSS Activated sludge SV 30

SVI
: 250
: 250
: 250
: 250
: Activated sludge Plug flow
recycle ratio HRT
:3
:4
:6
:8
: Activated sludge
: Step feed
2: Tapered aeration
3: Oxidation ditch
4: Completely mixed
: Activated sludge F/M ratio
: Step aeration
: Tapered aeration
3: Modified aeration
4: Extended aeration
P a g e 24 | 62
: Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

1: Assimilation for cell synthesis
2: Anammox
3: Denitrification
4: Nitrification
: first order
:
:
:
:
: Predator Activated sludge
: Protozoa
2: Bacteria
3: Fungi
4: Yeast
: Activated sludge
: Floc-forming organism / Nuisance organism
2: Saprophytes / Nuisance organism
3: Nuisance organism / Predator
4:
: ML VSS F/M
:
:
: S-curve
4: Normal curve
P a g e 25 | 62
: Nitrosomonas sp.
:
:
:
:
: Nitrobacter sp.
:
:
:
:
: Activated sludge
:
:
:
: :
: Activated
sludge
:
: Buking Sludge
3:
:
P a g e 26 | 62
:
: Coliform bacteria
2: Nitrifying bacteria
3: Sulfur bacteria
4: Stalk bacteria
: Coliform Bacteria
1: Gram negative bacteria
2: Rod shape and Non-spore forming bacteria
3: Anaerobic bacteria
4: Ferment glucose to acid and gas
: Aerobic biological treatment
1:
:
3:
: BOD>2,000
:
1:
: Cell yield
:
:
: Activated sludge F/M>1
: Flagellate Protozoa
2: Stalked Ciliates
3: Rotifer
4: Archaea
P a g e 27 | 62
: Prokaryote Eukaryote
: Prokaryote
: Prokaryote 80S
3: Eukaryote
: Eukaryote
: Eukaryote
:
:
:
:
:
: Endospore
2: Ribosome
3: Mesosome
4: Mitochondria
: Aerated lagoon
: Aerobic attached growth process
2: Anaerobic attached growth process
3: Aerobic suspended growth process
4: Anaerobic suspended growth process
: gram strain
: Flagella
2: Inclusion
3: Cell wall
4: Capsule
P a g e 28 | 62
:
1: Ribosome
2: Flagella
3: Mitochondria
4: Mesosome
:
: Autotroph
2: Heterotroph
3: Lithotroph
4: Phototroph
:
:
:
:
:
:
: Protein
2: Enzyme
3: DNA
4: Antigen
:
:
:
:
:
P a g e 29 | 62
: Catabolism Anabolism
1:
2:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
: ATP
2: ADP
3: AMP
4: NTP
: Activated sludge
:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 30 | 62
33 : 1
1: 38 ATP
2: 34 ATP
3: 32 ATP
4: 30 ATP
34 :
1: lag phase
2: stationary phase
3: exponential phase
4: death phase
35 : Nitrosomonas Nitrobacter Nitrification
1: Autotrophic Photosynthetic bacteria
2: Autotrophic Chemosynthetic bacteria
3: Heterotrophic Photosynthetic bacteria
4: Heterotrophic Chemosynthetic bacteria
36 : Ammonification
1:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 31 | 62
37 : Activated Sludge BOD : N : P

N P
1: 150:12:4 10 0:51
2: 200:5:1
3: 120:10:0.5
4: 100:7:0.1
38 : extracellular enzyme
1: Hydrolysis
2: Hydrophobic
3: Acetogenesis
4: Solidification
39 : Nitrification
1: eutrophication สาห าย เจ ญเ บโต

2: anaerobic
3:
4:
P a g e 32 | 62
ริ
ร่
ติ
40 : Plug Flow
1:
2:
3:
4:
41 : primary treatment
1:
2: BOD
3:
4:
42 : Bulking sludge
1:
2:
3:
4:
43 : Flocculent Settling
1:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 33 | 62
44 : F M ratio
1
2
3
4
45 :
1: N P
2: N P
3: 20
4:
46 : Sludge Bulking
1: FM
2:
3: 1-2
4: 1
47 : Equalization Tank
1:
2:
3:
4: 1
P a g e 34 | 62
48 : Biological Unit Processes

1: Suspended and attached growth system
2: Disinfection
3: Ion exchange
4: Adsorption
49 : Plug-flow reactor
1:
2:
3:
4:
50 : Activated sludge
1: Aeration tank
2: Sedimentation tank
3: Filtration tank
4: Sludge recycle system
51 : Plug-flow reactor
1:
2:
3:
4: Completely mix reactor
P a g e 35 | 62
52 : Single reaction
1:
2: Reaction order
3: First order reaction CSTR
4: CA
53 : CSTR 120
1200 . . . 1
0.02 . CSTR
1: 125 . . .
2: 216 . . .
3: 353 . . .
4: 455 . . .
54 : AS 200
500 250 98
Observed Yield 0.3
1: 36.75
2: 40.75
3: 50.25
4: 73.50
P a g e 36 | 62
55 : Aerated Lagoon
1: Aerator
2: Pump
3: Secondary Sedimentation Tank
4: Electrical supply
56 : AS BOD
1: FM
2: Excess Sludge
3: Sludge age
4:
57 : 2 Settleable Solids 30 180 . . MLSS
3,600 . . SVI
1: SVI 20
2: SVI 50
3: SVI 100
4: SVI 200
58 : SVI
1: Imhoff Cone MLSS
2: Imhoff Cone TS
3: 1 Imhoff Cone MLSS
4: 1 Imhoff Cone TS
P a g e 37 | 62
59 : SVI Sludge Volume Index

1: SVI < 100
2: 100 < SVI < 200
3: SVI > 200
4: SVI
60 : Nutrients AS
1: Urea Phosphate
2:
3:
4:
61 : Trace elements AS
1: Urea
2: Phosphate
3:
4:
62 : AS Aeration Tank MLSS
1: F M ratio
2: BOD
3: F M ratio
4: BOD
P a g e 38 | 62
63 : AS
1: DO 2 . .
2: Sludge age
3: Flow rate
4: BOD
64 : AS MLSS
1:
2:
3:
4:
65 : AS
1:
2:
3:
4:
66 : NBOD BOD
1: Organic Carbon
2: Organic Nitrogen
3: TKN
4: 1 2
P a g e 39 | 62
67 : Completely mixed AS F M ratio

1: 0.02-0.1 kg-BOD kg-MLVSS.d
4: 2-4 kg-BOD kg-MLVSS.d
68 : Anoxic Process
1:
2:
3: Biogas
4: Denitrification Nitrate
69 : Eutrophication
1:
2: Polishing Pond
3:
4:
70 : Phostrip
1: Photoelectric cells
2: Nitrogen
3: Phosphorus
4: Algae
P a g e 40 | 62
71 : BOD TKN
1: AS + Anaerobic Pond + Anoxic

2: Anoxic + Anaerobic Pond + AS
3: Anaerobic Pond + AS + Anoxic
4: Anaerobic Pond + Anoxic + AS
72 : Waste Stabilization Pond
1: Anaerobic Pond
2: Facultative Pond
3: Aerobic Pond
4: Polishing Pond
73 : Polishing Pond Algae Bloom
1:
2: Algae
3: Algae
4: Algae
1: High-rate aeration activated sludge
2: Extended aeration activated sludge
3: Conventional activated sludge
4:
P a g e 41 | 62
75 :
1: Plug flow
2: CSTR
3:
4:
76 :
1:
2:
3:
4:
77 :
1: + -->
2: -->
3: -->
4: -->
78 :
1: Sedimentation --> Aeration --> Disinfection --> Sedimentation
2: Sedimentation --> Aeration --> Sedimentation --> Disinfection
3: Disinfection --> Sedimentation --> Aeration --> Sedimentation
4: Aeration --> Sedimentation --> Disinfection --> Sedimentation
P a g e 42 | 62
1:
2:
3:
4:
80 :
1:
2:
3:
4:
81 :
1:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 43 | 62
82 :
1: Anaerobic --> Aerobic

2: Anaerobic
3: Aerobic
4: Aerobic --> Anoxic
83 :
1: Aerobic
2: Anoxic --> Aerobic
3: Anoxic
4: Anaerobic --> Anoxic
84 :
1: Anaerobic --> Anoxic
2: Anaerobic --> Aerobic --> Aerobic
3: Anaerobic --> Anoxic --> Aerobic
4: Aerobic --> Anoxic --> Aerobic
P a g e 44 | 62
85 :
1: NO3-
2: Fe3+
3: NO2-
4: SO42-
86 : Oxidation ditch
1: Aerobic attached growth process
87 : Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket
88 : pH
1:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 45 | 62
89 : 200 . . 100 . . BOD 200 . .
1: 0.1 . BOD . .-
2: 1 . BOD . .-
3: 10 . BOD . .-
4: 100 . BOD . .-
90 : SO42-
1: NO3-
2: O2
3: NO2-
4: CO2
91 : Rotating biological contractor
92 :
1: Hydrolysis
2: Acidogenesis
3: Methanogenesis
4:
P a g e 46 | 62
93 : Methanogenesis
1:
2:
3:
4:
94 :
1: SVI
2: SV60
3: MLSS
4: MLVSS
95 :
1: Chemoautotrophs
2: Chemoheterotrophs
3: Photoautotrophs
4: Photoheterotrophs
96 :
1: C
2: H
3: O
4: N
P a g e 47 | 62
97 : Denitrification
1: Aerobic
2: Aerobic
3: Anoxic
4: Anaerobic
98 :
1: NH4+
2: NO2-
3: N2
4:
99 : X X0
t k
1: X = X0e-kt
2: X = X0ekt
3: X = X0t
4: X = X0k t
100 :
1: Chemoautotrophs
3: Photoautotrophs
P a g e 48 | 62
101 : Nitrification
1: NO3 --> NO2-
2: NH4+ --> NO3-
3: NO2- --> NO3-
4: NH4+ --> NO2-
102 :
1: Chemoautotrophs
3: Photoautotrophs
103 :
1: . .
2: . .-
3: .
4: 1 .-
104 :
1: Chemoautotrophs
3: Photoautotrophs
P a g e 49 | 62
105 :
1: Chemoautotrophs
3: Photoautotrophs
106 : Sludge bulking
1:
2:
3:
4:
107 : liquid-solids separation
1:
2:
3:
4: flotation tank
108 :
1: Polishing Pond
2: Facultative Pond
3: Anaerobic Pond
4:
P a g e 50 | 62
109 : Symbiosis Stabilization pond

1:
2: pathogen
3: aerobic anaerobic
4:
110 : MLSS Activated sludge 3,000 . . SV30 750

solid density index SDI
1: 8,000 . .
2: 6,000 . .
3: 4,000 . .
4: 3,000 . .
1: High-rate aeration activated sludge
2: Extended aeration activated sludge
4:
P a g e 51 | 62

1: High rateaeration activated sludge
2: Extended aerationactivated sludge
4:
113 : Plug flow
1:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 52 | 62
Applications of chemical unit processes in water and wastewater treatment
1: coagulant
1: Ferric chloride
2: Ferrous sulfate
3: Ferric sulfate
4: Aluminum chloride
2:
1: coagulation
2:
3: 10-3 10
4:
39 : 50 200
666
78
1: 1.17
2: 2.34
3: 3.51
4: 4.68
P a g e 53 | 62
4:
1:
2:
3:
4: 1
5: Coagulant Coagulation
1: Titration test
2: Jar test
3: Conductivity test
4: Hardness test
6:
1: Alum
2: Lime
3: Chlorine
4: 1
7: Langmuir
1:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 54 | 62
8:
1:
2:
3:
4:
9: Coagulant
1: Alum
2: Copper
3: Ferric Sulphate
4: Ferric Chloride
10 :
1:
2:
3:
4:
11 :
1:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 55 | 62
12 : Chemical Unit Process

1:
2:
3:
4:
13 :
1: Chlorination
2: Filtration
3: Chemical precipitation
4: Sedimentation
14 : Unit
1: Anaerobic pond
2: pH adjustment
3: Facultative pond
4: Ion exchange
15 : C Langmuir
1:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 56 | 62
16 :
1:
2:
3:
4:
17 :
1: Calcium oxide
2: Sodium hydroxide
3: Sodium sulfide
4: Sulfuric acid
18 : Disinfection
1:
2:
3:
4:
19 :
1: UV
2: Chlorine
3: Ozone
4: UV Ozone
P a g e 57 | 62
20 : Adsorption
1:
2:
3:
4:
21 : Gas stripping
1:
2:
3:
4:
22 :
1: -
2:
3:
4:
23 : Alkalinity
1:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 58 | 62
24 :
1:
2:
3:
4:
25 :
1: Ion exchange
2:
3:
4: -
26 : Acidity
1:
2:
3: 8.3
4:
27 : Chlorination
1:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 59 | 62
28 : Acidity CO2 35 mg L CaCo3
1: 0 mg L CaCO3
2: 35 mg L Caco3
3: 45 mg L Caco3
4:
29 :
1:
2:
3:
4:
30 : Coagulation Flocculation
1: pH
2:
3: Oxidation Reduction Potential ORP
4:
31 : Flocculent Settling
1:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 60 | 62
32 : Carbonate hardness
Chemical coagulation
1: Lime
2: Lime + Excess Lime
3: Lime + Soda Ash
4: Excess Lime + Soda Ash
33 : Coagulation Flocculation
1: Detention time
2: pH
3:
4:
34 :
1: Cr3+
2: Cr4+
3:
4:
35 :
1: pH
2:
3:
4: 1 2
P a g e 61 | 62
36 : Denitrification
1:
2:
3:
4:
37 :
1: Batch
2: CSTR
3: Fluidized bed
4: Plug Flow
38 : Chemical coagulation
1:
2:
3:
4: 1
3:
1:
2:
3:
4:
P a g e 62 | 62

223-304 Unit Processes For Environmental Engineering II

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223-304 Unit Processes for Environmental Engineering II

Wastewater Engineering , Industrial Water Pollution, and Advanced Wastewater Treatment

223-304 Unit Processes for Environmental Engineering II

Applications of physical unit operations in water

and waste water treatment ...........................................................................10-23

Applications of the biological operations in wastewater treatment.........24-52

Applications of chemical unit processes in water

Fundamental of process analysis, Hydraulic characteristics of reactor

4: Kinematic viscosity Molecular diffusivity

: Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs

Applications of physical unit operations in water and waste water treatment

: Physical Unit Processes

: Gt Velocity gradient Rapid tank mixing

: Physical Unit Process

Applications of the biological operations in wastewater treatment

: MLSS Activated sludge SV 30

: Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

37 : Activated Sludge BOD : N : P

1: eutrophication สาห าย เจ ญเ บโต

48 : Biological Unit Processes

59 : SVI Sludge Volume Index

67 : Completely mixed AS F M ratio

1: AS + Anaerobic Pond + Anoxic

1: Anaerobic --> Aerobic

89 : 200 . . 100 . . BOD 200 . .

109 : Symbiosis Stabilization pond

110 : MLSS Activated sludge 3,000 . . SV30 750

112 : Activated sludge

Applications of chemical unit processes in water and wastewater treatment

12 : Chemical Unit Process

28 : Acidity CO2 35 mg L CaCo3

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