KLISH EDUCATION READING MUC LUC TEST 1 EXPLANATION Passage 1: "The importance of children’s play” Passage 2: “The growth of bike-sharing schemes around the world” Passage 3: “Motivational factors and the hospitality industry” USEFUL VOCABULARY IN TEST 1 Passage 1: "The importance of children's play” Passage 2: “The growth of bike-sharing schemes around the world” Passage 3: ‘Motivational factors and the hospitality industry” TEST 2 EXPLANATION Passage 1: Alexander Henderson (1831 - 1913) Passage 2: Back to the future of skyscraper design Passage 3: Why companies should welcome disorder USEFUL VOCABULARY IN TEST 2 Passage 1: “Alexander Henderson (1831 — 1913)° Passage 2: “Back to the future of skyscraper design” Passage 3: ‘Why companies should welcome disorder” TEST 3 EXPLANATION Passage 1: The concept of intelligence Passage 2: Saving bugs to find new drugs Passage 3: The power of play USEFUL VOCABULARY IN TEST 3 Passage 1: "The concept of intelligence” Passage 2: ‘Saving bugs to find new.drugs” Passage 3: “The power of play” TEST 4 EXPLANATION Passage 1: The secret of staying young Passage 2: Why zoos are good Passage 3 USEFUL VOCABULARY IN TEST 4 Passage 1: "The secret of staying young” Passage 2: ‘Why zoos are good” Passage 3 TEST EXPLANATION i 14 4 15 16 18 18 20 22 26 26 26 27 29 29 31 34 37 37 38 39. aL 4 4a 46 46 47 FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION Books by K Chao ban © Bon minh biét rang cdc quyén Cambridge la b6 sch luyén thi t6i quan trong trong qué trinh én thi IELTS nén nha K bon minh da bat tay thuc hién gidi chi tiét cho phan IELTS Reading voi mic tiéu 1a gidp cdc ban n tap ki nang nay t6t hon. Trong quyén e-book gia chi tiét Cambridge 14 nay cla K ban sé thay: 1, Toan bé cac cau héi dugc giai thich dé hiéu, ngan gon, can ké (vi tri o dau, paraphrase ci gi thanh cai gi...) d8 céc ban khong chi hiéu hon vé dap an vi sao lai vay, ma cdn cai thién duoc phan ty vung ca minh. 2. Chi thich vé tir vng quan trong, dé dung va dé 4p dung vao ki nang Writing tn Speaking, kém vi dy vao2 kTnaing WS dé céc ban-dé hinh dung ;) Bon minh hy vong tai ligu sé cd ich cho vig luyén tap ki nang doc cila ban ;) A, bén canh e-book gid chi tét cac dap an bai kiém tra Reading, doi ngi gidng vién 8-8. IELTS cla bon minh cing da danh hon 1 ndm dé tim cach giup cdc ban tw hoc tét hon ki nang Writing voi viéc viét mau va phan tich tu duy cia 108 dé thi that Writing nam 2020, vi bon minh biét, voi nhing ngudi dang hoc IELTS, dac biét la cdc ban ty hoc, viée tim kiém bai mdu dé luyén tap theo thuéng kha khé khdn, bdi 2 li do chinh: 1. Bai viét trén mang thi rét nhiéu, nhung chat long chua chac da dug danh gia. 2. C6 Khi cing khéng biét phai sir dyng mot bai mau diém cao thé nao cho higu qua Vay cuén séch GIAI CHI TIET VA PHAN TICH TU DUY cla bon minh 06 uu diém vudt trdi gi: ‘98 Phan tich tur duy chi tiét cac bay 06 thé gap trong 108 bai (ca task 1 ln task 2) > Diéu nay sé giup cac ban nang cao diém Task Achievement ~ 1 trong 4 yéu t6 chdm diém 1 bai thi writing 8 Sach cung cp tty vung dé ding nhung dé ghi diém, c6 thé 4p dung vao nhiéu bai > Tir dé c6 thé ghi diém phan Lexical Resource — yéu t6 thi? 2 trong 4 yéu t6 chAm diém 8 Cac mau cau viét nhanh mo bai, két bai, cau chit d8 cing nhu Overview > Giip rit ng&n twong d6i thoi gian vit mot bai 88 Tap trung tra loi day di cau hei ciia dé bai va s4p xép ¥ mach lac, tinh gon, hop logic, pha hop v6i moi muc tiéu va dac biét higu qua véi nhimng ai mudn dat band 7+ > Cach viét mach lac, dé higu la phan khong thé thiéu dé dat diém cao & Coherence & Cohesion — yu t6 chAm diém thir 3. Hon nifa, céch viét don gian tinh gon s6 d& hon dé cac ban 6 thé hoc theo 98 Tiép tuc cap nhat bai mu va phan tich moi nhAt cla nm 2021, co hdi tham gia nhém sch v6i cdc néi dung BOC QUYEN dé cai thién writing VA c6 co héi dug st bai writing MIEN PHI Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 2 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION Dé hinh dung r6 hon vé cuén sach Writing 2020 cla bon minh thi cdc ban co thé tham khao 21108 bai viét mau kem phan tich tu duy & dudi nha: #1 (12/11/2020) Society is based on rules and laws. It could not function if individuals were free to do whatever they wanted to do. To what extent do you agree or not? PHAN TICH BAI - Bd nay chdc khién 61 ngudi chét... (Lang) trong phdng thi. Ban than minh nghi d& nay khong qua tho thach vi né...hién nhién qua. Khéng luat Ié, khong phap luat thi di nhién sé loan > cach viét don gian nhat sé la déng y hoan toan véi quan diém trén, va 2 doan body ciia minh sé la: + Body 1: khéng cé Iuat Ié (a society without the presence of laws) thi x hoi tat yéu sé loan > doan nay chi can néu vi dy dé ching minh la duoc © Vidy 1: c6ng déng o6 thé séng trong sg hai néu mot ngubi oé thé muu sat gud’ khdc ma khéng phai nharvhinh phat twong xteng (receive just punishments) © Vidu 2: néu ai d6 khong bi phat khi Idi xe lc say va gay ra tai nan thi viée nay khéng chi la mot tién I xu cho nhGng nguwi khac trong cong dong (set a bad example for other members of the public), ma tham chi con khuyén khich viéc 46 xay ra|trong tuong lai © > Chét lai: nhding wi dy trén ching minh rang mot xa hoi ma khéng 6 luat Ié thi sé gay ra sur bat 6n trong c6ng déng va khién ngudi dan nom nép lo sg + Body 2: nén ¢6 luat I@ > néu ra gia tri cua luat phap Loi ich 1: duy tr trat ty trong xa hoi (maintain order in society) + Moi ngudi vn c6 thé kam gi ho muén, min Ia tuan thi (abide by) luat phap © Loi ich 2: luat phap mang tinh ran de voi nhiing hanh dong sai trai (playa deterrent role against wrongdoings) > chi khi ngudi pham toi bi phat thi cdc van 8 xa hoi moi durgc gid nhe . © > tuy vay nhung luat php nén inh hoat chi khong nén cing nhc, chuyén xay ra thi can xem xét ban chat cing nhu hoan canh cy thé cla t6i cing nhu nguéi pham t6i dé cé thé dura ra hinh phat tuong ~ Bai nay ban Iuu y mot chat khi cho vi dy & doan 1 thi nén diing If loai 2 (cau didu kign khéng cé that & hign tai) dé viét cho y néu khong c6 luat thi sao nhé - Chui dé laws vén 14 mét cha dé khé trong task 2, vira khé v8 y tudng, viva kho vé tir vung, Riéng vé tir vung thi chuan bi mét s6 cym tl cn nhat sau sé gidp ban ty tin hon trong phong thi Toi (danh tir) — cac tir dé thay thé cho tir crime phé thng qua réi Pham t6i (d6ng ti) — cdc cum ti dé thé hién ai dé pham t6i (vi dy nhu commit a crime) Toi pham (danh tir) - tir chi ngudi pham tdi (thay thé cho criminal) Cac hinh phat Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 3 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION Itis often argued that a lawless society could not function properly if individuals had too much freedom to do whatever they wanted to. | completely agree with this school of thought. ‘Admittedly, a society without the presence of laws and regulations is bound to face chaos. For instance, the public would live in fear if a person could murder someone else because of personal reasons but did not have to receive just punishments afterwards. Similarly, if someone were not punished appropriately when they drunk drove and caused traffic accidents, such an incident would not only leave extreme loss to the families of the victims, set a bad ‘example for other members of the public, but also encourage the same event to happen in the future. These examples serve to show that a lawless society could cause social unrest and put its citizens at risk For the above reason, believe that laws and regulations must be set inmotion to maintain order in society. People stil have their own freedom and can do whatever they wish to as long as they abide by the laws. In addition to this, the laws would play a deterrent role against wrongdoings. Only when law-breakers are punished for their crimes could social issues be mitigated, Having said that, | believe that laws should not always be fixed or rigid, but need to be fiexible and take into consideration the nature and the circumstances, among others, of each crime to ensure fair and just punishments, In conclusion, | reaffirm that a society could not function smoothly like a well-oiled machine were regulations, laws or rules not set in place. Lawless society = society without the presence of laws: xa hoi khéng 6 luat Ie ‘School of thought: i6i suy nghi Be bound to: gap phi Chaos: hén loan Receive just punishments: tring phet tong thich Set a bad example for: [a mot tién dé xéu cho, Serve to show that: Social unrest: Set in motion = set in place: duoc thyc thi 10. Maintain order: duy tri én dinh 11. Abide by: tuan this 12. Play a deterrent role: 06 vai tro ran de /ngan can 13, Rigid: cing nhac 14, Well-oiled machine: bé méy tron tru SENOMALHA Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 4 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION #2 (20/6/2020) The charts below show the price of exported rice from Thailand and Vietnam from 2012 to 2015 (US dollars per tonne) 600 0 zm 3S s0 2 E40 30 —— soe ee 480 400 E gw S 300 = 4 SPF s, ow — 2 — 2013 ee s Mp oe & ee st soe eee —24 — 205 FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION PHAN TICH BAI ‘Overview: binh thuréng line graph khéng khé nhung bai nay chdc 1& mot trong nhiing bai thir thach task 1 khé nhat trong cd nam nay chu khéng chi riéng dang line graph. Tuy vay néu nm ving cach nhin trends va features thi sé d& dang cé cdc phan tich sau ‘+ Feature 1 (so sénh gitra 2 nuéc): tién gao cia Thai Lan cao hon tién gao cila Viet Nam + Feature 2 (so sénh gia cac nm): tién gao cla nam 2012 va 2013 nhin chung cao hon cia nm 2014 va 2015 Body 1: Body 2: 2012 & 2013 2014 & 2015 In Jan of 2012, Thai rice (500 dollars), = The price of rice i VN remained quite higher than 400 dollars of Vietnamese rice. _| constant at 330 dollars in 2014, and ‘These numbers dropped in the second experienced an overall increase in 2015 quarter and then recovered and fluctuated at | - That of Thailand rose irregularly and peaked their initial levels in the remainder of the year_|/at 470 dollars in December 2014. The same - In 2013, prices of rice in both countries pattern was repeated in 2015 decreased continuously to 400 dollars (Thal) and 300 (VN) in December The line graphs compare Thailand and Vietnam in terms of the monthly prices of their exported rice between 2012 and 2016. It'can be seen that ri¢e from Thailand was worth more than its Vietnamese counterpart during the period given. It is also noticeable that the prices of rice exports in these two countries were generally higher in 2012 and 2013 than in the last 2 years. In January of 2012, rice from Thailand was exported at:the price of 500 dollars per tonne, higher than 400 dollars of Vietnamese rice. Despite their dramatic drops in the second quarter, these numbers then recovered and fluctuated around their respective initial levels in the remainder of the year. In 2013, there was a sharp decrease in the price of rice exports from both Thailand and Vietnam, to 400 dollars and below 350 dollars per tonne in December respectively. In 2014, the price of Vietnamese exported rice remained constant at around 330 dollars per tonne, while an overall increase was recorded in 2015. Meanwhile, that of Thailand experienced an irregular rise, reaching its peak of 470 dollars in December 2014, before ‘continuing this trend in 2015. 1. Counterpart: dung dé chi déi tong dang duge dua ra so sénh véi chil thé 2. Inthe remainder of: trong phan con lai 3. Experienced an irregular rise: tng khéng lién tuc, Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 6 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION Hign tai bon minh dang phat hanh sach 6 2 dang ebook va sach in, trong 46: @8E-book: 100.0008 (ban doc online, khong download vé may) *sach in: 180.000B/quyén - Gidm odn 150.000B/quy€n khi mua 3 quyén - Freeship toan quéc Néu ban muén sd hGu sach 108 bai writing 2020 dé cai thign ki nang viét cla minh thi chi c&n quét ma QR dudi day va dang ki nha! [al [ale Hay ghé thaim bon minh trén trang Facebook hay nhém hoc IELTS mién phi bang cach quét QR code & du6i dé cing bon minh tao ra mot cOng déng hgc tiéng Anh vui vé n6i chung va IELTS néi riéng nhé! Fanpage FB Group Chic ban hoc tét va hen sém gap ban tai nha chung cila K - Kish Team - FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 7 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION TEST 1 EXPLANATION No | Answer Info in the passage Analysis Passage importance of children’s play” 1 | creativity (paragraph 1) Although she isn't aware of it, this | - helping her take her first fantasy is helping her take her first steps towards _| steps towards her capacity her capacity for creativity and for creativity = help develop 2 | rules (paragraph 2) Later on, when they tire of this and _| - take tums with a partner = settle down with a board game, she’s leaming about | turn-taking the need to follow-rules-and take tums with-a Partner. 3 | cities (paragraph 5) But we live in changing times, and | - we live in changing times Whitebread is mindful of a worldwide decline in recent changes play, pointing out that overhalf the people in the | - over half the people world now live in cities. populations 4 _| traffic, crime | (paragraph 5) The opportunities for free play, ... are | - becoming increasingly becoming increasingly scarce,’ he says. Outdoor —_| scarce = limited lay is curtailed by perceptions of risk to dowith | perception of risk = fear of tyaffc, as wel as Bares ncreased wish fo rolect | “parents increased wish o rere | eee eect protect their children from being the victims = fear 6 | competition | (paragraph 5) ...and by the emphasis on ‘earlier is | - greater = increased better whictr is leading to greater competition in academic leaming and schools. 7 | evidence (paragraph 6) Intemational bodies like the United | - what they often lack = it is Nations and the European Union have begun to _| difficult to find develop policies -But what they often lackis the | . support new policies = evidence to base policies on. base policies on 8 | life (paragraph 8) Dr Jenny Gibson agrees, pointing —_| child’s later lfe = rest of the out... there is very little data on the impact it has on | child's life the child's later life. 9 | TRUE (paragraph 12) If playful experiences do facilitate | - self-control = self-regulate aspect of development..., because the ability to | . do well at school = self-tegulate has been shown to be a key predictor | academic performance of academic performance 40 | TRUE (paragraph 13) Gibson adds: ‘Playful behavior is__| - clues = information also an important indicator of healthy social and emotional development... give us important clues Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION ‘about their well-being and can even be useful in the | - neurodevelopmental diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders like disorders like autism = autism.” medical problems 41 | NOTGIVEN — | Khéng 06 théng tin trong bai Khéng o6 thong tin trong bai 12 | FALSE (paragraph 14) Children wrote longer and better- | Children wrote longer and structured stories when they first played with dolls | better-structured stories representing characters in the story. In the latest | when they first played with study, children first created their story with Lego, _| dolls... children first with similar results created their story with Lego, with similar results > < Children had problems thinking up ideas when they first created the story with Lego” > FALSE 13 | TRUE (last paragraph) Somehow the importance of play _| - in recent decades = has been lost in recent decades. It's regarded as _—_| nowadays something trivial, or even as something negative | - Somehow the importance that contrasts with “work™ of play has been lost, I's regarded as something trivial = People regard children’s play as less significant than they did in the past Passage 2: “The growth of bike-sharing schemes around the world” 14 |e (paragraph E) The system, however, was prone to _| - vandalism and theft Vandalismand theft. After every weekend there _| description of how people would always be a couple of bikes missing,’ misused a bike-sharing Molenaar says. ‘I really have no idea what people —_| scheme did with them .. 15 [Cc (paragraph C) Nevertheless, the council = rejected = was turned unanimously rejected the plan. They said that the | down bicycle belongs to the past. They saw a glorious —_| - the bicycle belongs to the future for the car. past. They saw a glorious future for the car = an explanation why a proposed bike-sharing scheme was turned down 16 | F (paragraph F) But financially | didn't really benefit | - financially | didn't really from it, because | never fled for a patent. benefit from it = a person being unable to profit from their work FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 7 lc (paragraph C) It turned out that a white bicycle - per | - would cost the person, per kilometre — would cost the municipality | municipality only 10% of only 10% of what it contributed to public transport —_| what it contributed to public, per person per kilometre transport per person per kilometre = potential savings 18 [A (paragraph A) They believed the scheme, which | - was an answer to the was known as the Witte Fietsenplan, was an perceived threats of air answer to the perceived threats of air pollution and _| pollution and consumerism. consumerism, = the problems ... intended to solve 19 [B,D (paragraph D) ‘Times had changed,’ he recalls. = People had become more “People had become more environmentally environmentally conscious conscious, and the Danish experiment had proved bike-sharing was a real that bike-sharing was a real possibility.” A new Witte | possibility = It was made Fietsenplan was launched in 1999 in Amsterdam. _| possible by a change in people's attitudes (D) 20 (paragraph E) But the biggest blow came when - Postbank decided to Postbank decided to abolish the chip card, because | abolish = a partner in the it wasn’t profitable, scheme withdraw support (8) 21 [DE (paragraph G) In Amsterdam today, ... itis regarded | - one of the two most cycle- 8 one of the two most cycle-friendly capitals in the | friendly capitals in the world world = the city has a reputation as a place that welcomes cyclists (E) 22 (paragraph G) People who travel.on the - But often they need underground don’t carry their bikes around. But additional transport to often they need additional transport to reach their _| reach their final destination final destination. = a bike-sharing scheme ‘would benefit residents = People who travel on the underground = who use public transport 23 | activists (paragraph A) Provo, the organization that came up | - Provo, the organization With the idea, was a group of Dutch activists who | that came up with the idea wanted to change society. = The first bike-sharing scheme was the idea of the Dutch group Provo = was a group of Dutch activists = The people who belonged to this group were activists Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 10KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 24 | consumerism (paragraph A) They believed the scheme, which was known as the Witte Fietsenplan, was an answer to the perceived threats of air pollution and consumerism. = the peroeived threats of air pollution and consumerism = were concerned about the damage to the environment and about consumerism 25 | leaflets (paragraph A)In the center of Amsterdam, they _| - distributed leaflets = painted a small number of used bikes white. They | handed out leaflets also distributed leaflets describing the dangers of | - describing the dangers of cars cars = condemned the use of cars 26 | police (paragraph B) The police were opposed to Provo’s._| - The police were opposed initiatives and almost as soon as the white bikes __| to .... they removed them = were distributed around the city, they removed the police took them away them. - almost as soon as the white bikes were distributed around the city = almost as quickly as Provo left the bikes around the city Pas: ivational factors and the hospitality industry” a |e (paragraph 8) Itis therefore essential for hotel - inspire = encourage management to develop HRM practices that enable | - competent employees = them to inspire and retain competent employees. | good staff = retain = remain 28 |D (paragraph 5) Ng and Sorensen (2008) ~ employees feel more demonstrated that when managers provide obligated to stay with the recognition to employees, motivate employees to | company = staff feel they work together, and remove obstacles preventing _| shouldn't move to a effective performance, employees feel more different employer. obligated to stay with the company. 29 |B (paragraph 4) Lucas also points out that ‘the = the substance of HRM substance of HRM practices does not appear to be _| practices does not appear designed to foster constructive relations with to be designed = Little is employees or to represent a managerial approach | done that enables developing and drawing out the full__| - enables developing and potential of people, ... drawing out the full potential of people = help workers improve their skills. 30 |b (paragraph 5) Ng and Sorensen (2008) ~ provide recognition to demonstrated that when managers provide recognition to employees, motivate employees to work together, and remove obstacles preventing employees, motivate employees to work together, and remove obstacles preventing SS FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) "KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION effective performance, employees feel more effective performance obligated to stay with the company. cooperation is encouraged - employees feel more obligated to stay with the company = staff are less likely to change jobs at ic (paragraph 4) higher employee tumover has been a | - employee turnover = recurring problem... Among the many cited reasons | hospitality workers change are low compensation, inadequate benefits, poor | jobs working conditions and compromised employee —_| dissatisfaction with pay = morale and attitudes low compensation - not the only reason = inadequate benefits... 32 | YES (paragraph 4) In addition, or maybe as a resul - high employee turnover high employee turnover has been a recurring _| has been a recurring problem throughout the hospitality industry. problem = high staff Among the many cited reasons are low tumover in the hospitality compensation, inadequate benefits, poor working | industry conditions and compromised employee morale | - Among the many cited and attitudes, reasons ... compromised employee morale and attitudes = One reason ... is poor morale 33 | NO (paragraph 6) While it seems likely that employees’ | - employee's reactions, reactions to their job characteristics could be view their work affected by a predisposition to view their work environment negatively = environment negatively, no evidence exists to staff have a tendency to support this hypothesis. dislike their workplace - While it seems likely that, support this hypothesis => NO 34 [NO (paragraph 9) When these factors are unfavorable, | - just fulfilling these needs job dissatisfaction may result. Significantly, though, | does not result in just fulfilling these needs does not result in satisfaction >< An satisfaction, but only in the reduction of improvement in working dissatisfaction. conditions and job security makes staff satisfied with their job => NO 35 |NOTGIVEN | No information in the passage No information in the passage 36 [restaurants | (paragraph 11) For example, Tews, Michel, and __| conducted a study focusing Stafford (2013) conducted a study focusing on staff | on staff from a chain of themed restaurants in the TT FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 12KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION from a chain of themed restaurants in the United States. United States = carried out research on staff in an American chain of restaurants. 37 | performance — | (paragraph 11) It was found that fun activities had a_| that fun activities had a favorable impact on performance favorable impact on performance = activities designed for staff to have fun improved their performance 38 | turnover (paragraph 11) ... and management support for fun | reducing turnover = lower had a favorable impact in reducing turnover. staff turnover 39 | goals (paragraph 11) Their findings support the view that _ | the framing of that fun must fun may indeed have a beneficial effect, but the be carefully aligned with 40 | characteristics framing of that fun must be carefully aligned with both organizational goals and employee characteristics. both organizational goals and employee characteristics = activities, needed to fit with both the company’s goals and the characteristics of the staff Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 13KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION USEFUL VOCABULARY IN TEST 1 Passage 1: “The importance of children’s play” 1. awareness / aware of: knowledge or perception of a situation or fact, awareness /e We:nes/ (S) Even though there are still many careless people, | think Hanoi is overall a clean metropolis and the government does implement many initiatives to keep the city clean. Like encouraging their citizens to take part in community cleanup activities or organizing campaigns to raise public awareness on what they can do to preserve the environment. (W - 2) In conjunction with imposing a higher tax on unhealthy products like fast food and alcohol, the government can conduct awareness-raising campaigns to promote a healthy 2. in favour of: in support of (S) Well, as a traditionalist, my father is never in favor of foreign cuisines. He always sticks to traditional Vietnamese dishes. (W ~T2) Despite the above arguments, | am critical role in the schooling of children favor of the opinion that homework plays a 3. mindful: conscious or aware of something. ‘mindful / maxn(d)fel/ (S) Eating out is a good way to enjoy and reward yourself. | often choose a place that affords a beautiful view and serves mouth-watering food because I'm very mindful of the dining experience. (W -T2) When travelling, visitors should be mindful and comply with all local regulations and behaviors so as to avoid unwanted problems. 4, scarce: occurring in small numbers or quantities; rare scarce /ske's/ (S) | think one of the reasons why many people today waste @ lot of food is because itis not as searce like in the past. (W-T2) Numerous young people nowadays migrate from the countryside, where employment opportunities are scarce, to metropolitan areas in search of better job prospects. 5. intervene: take part in something so as to prevent or alter a result or course of events intervene /inte vin/ {S) I don't think it's a good idea when parents intervene too much in the lives of their children. | know many of them do that with good intentions, but at the same time such intervention may make the children feel restricted and limited. (W ~ T2) Parents should not intervene in their children’s free time activities and let their children do whatever they wish to do when they have time to spare. By having some free time, children can better refresh their mind and recharge their energy. SS FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 14 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 6. facilitate: make (an action or process) easy or easier. facilitate /fo'stltter/ (8) | think reading books is definitely a beneficial hobby, because it can facilitate the development of two important skis: creativity and problem-solving, (W - T2) Living abroad indeed can enrich students’ lives and facilitate their acquisition of other languages and cultures. Passage 2: “The growth of bike-sharing schemes around the world” 1. be involved in: take part in (S) Itis a common leisure activity among older generations in Vietnam but gardening is not something that millennials would normally be involved in when they have spare time. (W —T1) Itis clear that there are nine different stages involved in this process, beginning with the harvesting of com and ending with the delivery of ethanol oil to supermarkets for sales, (W -T2) In conclusion, | reaffirm that working people should be involved in household chores. because of the aforementioned reasons, but itis better for them to find a way to share housework fairly and logically rather than equally. 2. struggle (with): struggle /‘strag(e)W/ (S) Yes, | still remember strugaling for years trying to learn my second language, which was English. | think the same is true for many other people. But once you get the hang of it, everything seems to fall into place and your language ability will improve really quickly. (W -T2) Numerous families indeed strugale with providing enough money for the schooling of their children, let alone send-them abroad where the day-to-day living expenses can be much higher. ave difficulty handling or coping with 3. oppose: disagree with something or someone, often by speaking or fighting against it, him, or her ‘oppose /a'pauz/ (S) Admittedly, itis understandable why numerous people oppose the setting of homework 4, environmentally conscious: show concern for the environment / aware of the impact one has on the surrounding environment (S) Being environmentally conscious is actually easier than many people think. It's not only about heroic effort like reducing pollution but i's also about making everyday choices that take the environment into consideration (W - 72) | reaffirm that environmental protection is not the responsibility of solely politicians, but individuals need to be environmentally conscious as well FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 15 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 5. prone to: likely or liable to suffer from, do, or experience something unpleasant or regrettable. prone /preun/ {S) Due to their old age, seniors are easily prone to poor health. That's why they need to be taken care of by their family members (W - 72) Another issue associated with an increase in longevity is the increased pressure on the healthcare systems. No doubt, seniors are more likely to be prone to poor health and illnesses. related to their age. As a consequence, the more elderly people there are, the more healthcare services are called for to keep up with the demands 6. long: have a strong wish or desire. ‘+ For something + Tov (S) | Jong to travel again really soon. Covid has made me put every travel plan on hold, and | have been getting itchy feet lately. (W -T2) One reason why many people travel to foreign countries is that they long for new experiences and excitement. By setting foot on anew land, they can experience what they have never seen before Passage 3: “Motivational factors and the hospitality industry” 1, acquire: obtain / have acquire /a'kwaro/ (S) Students can gain enourmous benefits from using the Internet to acquire new knowledge (W - T2) Admittedly, without much hassle, modern people now can acquire countless pieces of information about other cultures through the Internet. Those interested in Australian culture, for instance, can easily search for and watch numerous videos on YouTube that provide a glimpse into the life of indigenous people, local festivals as well as cuisines, 2. retain: continue to have (something); keep possession of. retain /rr temn/ {S) From the vague childhood memories that | stil retained, our big family usually gathered around BBQ every Sunday, updated each other with what was happening and just had a great time (W-T1) While the room retains some of its original features, most of its facilities have undergone various changes, with the most significant alteration being seen in the re- arrangements of the tables in the centre as well as the addition of several new amenities to accommodate students’ needs (W - 72) Children who do homework can review old knowledge and in turn can retain such information much better than those do not FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 16 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 3. foster: encourage the development of (something, especially something desirable) foster /tosta/ (S) The use of technological devices in the classroom fost learning environment. (W - T2) Secondly, the larger influx of foreign tourists also translates into more income for the local as tourists often spend generously on services like food and recreational activities while travelling. Such money, in tum, contributes to fostering the host country's economic growth 8 an interactive and positive 4. fulfil: satisfy or meet (a requirement, condition, or need) fulfil olf {S) A student must fulfil his duties, including attending class regularly and submitting assignments on time. (W - T2) While | believe that entertainment programs should certainly be educational, especially when it comes to social issues, | also think that not all programs need to only focus on fulfilling their role as an educator. FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 7 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING CAMBRIDGE 14 TEST 2 EXPLANATION TEST EXPLANATION No Answer Info in the passage Analysis Pas: sage 1: Alexander Henderson (1831 - 1913) FALSE, (paragraph 1) The family often stayed at Press Castle, the large mansion on the northern edge of the property, and Alexander spent much of is childhood the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams nearby. = much of his childhood = ‘when he was younger - spent much = often > < ‘rarely’ > FALSE TRUE NOT GIVEN (paragraph 2) In 1849 he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a business career, he stayed with it to please his family. No information ~he began a three-year apprenticeship to become an accountant = he pursued a business career ~he stayed with it to please his family = it was what his family wanted > TRUE No information FALSE, (paragraph 4) In spite of their friendship, their styles of photography were quite-different- While Notman’s landscapes were noted for their bold realism, Henderson for the first 20 years of his. career produced romantic images, showing the” strong influence of the British landscape tradition. - Their styles of Photography were quite different > < ‘there are many similarities > FALSE NOT GIVEN No information No information TRUE (paragraph 5) From about 1870 he dropped portraiture to specialize in landscape photography and other views. - dropped portraiture = gave up portraiture - to specialize in landscape Photography and other views = could focus on taking photographs of scenery. FALSE (paragraph 7) This undertaking led in 1875 to a commission from the railway to record the principal - The almost-completed line connecting Montreal to SS FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 18KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION structures along the _almost-completed _ line | Halifax > < the Monreal to connecting Montreal to Halifax. Halifax line had been finished’ > FALSE 8 | TRUE (paragraph 8) In 1892 Henderson accepted a full- | - Henderson accepted a time position with the CPR as manager of a | full-time position with the photographic department ... That summer he made | CPR ... He continued in this his second trip west, photographing extensively | post until 1897, when he along the railway line as far as Victoria. He continued | retired completely in this post until 1897, when he retired completely | Henderson's last work as a from photography. photographer was with the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) > TRUE 9 | merchant (paragraph 1) Alexander Henderson was bom in | - the son of a successful Scotland in 1831 and was the son of a successful__| merchant = father was a merchant. merchant 10 | equipment (paragraph 5) There was little competing hobby or | - the time-consuming amateur photography before the late 1880s because | techniques involved = took of the time-consuming techniques involved and the | up considerable time weight of equipment, - the weight of equipment ‘equipment was heavy 11 | gifts (paragraph 5) People wanted to buy photographs as | People wanted to buy souvenirs of a trip or as gifts, and catering to this | photographs as souvenirs market, Henderson had stock photographs on of a trip or as gifts = display.at his studio for mounting, framing, or were gifts or souvenirs inclusion in albums. 12 | canoe (paragraph 7) He was especially fond of the - often travelled by canoe wildemess and often travelled by canoe on the on the Blanche, du Liévre, Blanche, du Lievre, and other noted-eastem rivers: | and other noted eastem rivers = took many trips along eastern rivers in a canoe 13 | mountains (paragraph 7) In 1885 he went west along the ~ he took photographs of Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) as far as Rogers _| the mountains and the Pass in British Columbia, where he took progress of construction, = photographs of the mountains and the progress of | photographed the construction. mountains and the railway at Roger Pass. Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 19KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION Passage 2: Back to the future of skyscraper design 14 |F (paragraph F) Much of the ingenuity present in 19®- | - a panicked public century hospital and building design was driven by a | clamouring for buildings panicked public clamouring for buildings that could | that could protect against protect against what was thought to be the lethal__| what was thought to be the threat of miasmas - toxic air that spread disease. _| lethal threat of miasmas - toxic air that spread disease = why some people avoided hospitals in the 19" century 15 [Cc (paragraph C) Short regards glass, steel and air- _| - skyscrapers = tall conditioned skyscrapers as symbols of status, buildings rather than practical ways of meeting our - symbols of status = requirements. prestige 16 |E (paragraph E) We discovered that 19" Century = 19® century hospital hospital wards could generate upto 24 air changes _| wards could generate up to an hour - that's similar to the performance of a 24 air changes an hour - modem-day, computer controlled operating theatre. | similar to the performance of a modern-day, computer- controlled operating theatre = a comparison between the circulation of air in 19%- century building and modem standards. a7 |b (paragraph D) "We spent three years digitally We put pathogens in the ‘modelling Billings’ final designs”, says Short."We | airstreams, modelled for put pathogens in the airstreams, modelled for someone with tuberculosis someone with tuberculosis (TB) coughing in the-—— | (TB) coughing in the wards wards and we found the ventilation system in the | and we found the room would have kept other patients safe from ventilation system in the harm.” room would have kept other patients safe from harm = how Short tested the circulation of air in 19"- century building 1 |B (paragraph B) before the widespread introduction of | - relentlessly and air conditioning systems, which were ‘relentlessly _| aggressively marketed = and aggressively marketed’ by their inventors. advertising Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 20KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION =the widespread introduction of air conditioning systems = the large increase in the use of air conditioning 19 | design(s) (paragraph D) Shorts book highlights a developing | ventilating buildings and sophisticated art science of ventilating buildings | through the 19" and earlier- through the 19" and earlier-20" centuries, including | 20" centuries ... to the the design of ingeniously ventilated hospitals. Of | designs of John Shaw particular interest were those builtto the designs of | Bilings = Professor Alan John Shaw Billings, including the first John Hopkins | Short examined the work of Hospital in the US city of Baltimore (1873-1889). | John Shaw Billings, who influenced the architecture designs of hospitals to ensure they had good ventilation 20 [pathogens | (paragraph D)'We spent three years digitally pathogens in the ‘modelling Billings’ final designs", says Short. "We | airstreams, modelled for 21 | tuberculosis | Jt pathogens prtha airsyéams, modelled for someone with someone with tuberculosis (TB) coughing in the _| tuberculosis (TB) wards and we found the ventilation system in the _| coughing in the wards and room would have kept other patients safe from ‘we found the ventilation harm.” system in the room would have kept other patients, sate from harm = pathogens in the air coming from patients suffering from tuberculosis ‘would not have harm other patients 22. | wards (paragraph E) We discovered that 19 Century _| - discovered = found hospital wards could generate up to 24 air changes | - hospital wards = wards in an hour - that's similar to the performance of a hospitals modem-day, computer controled operating theatre. | senerate upto 24 air changes an hour - that's similar to the performance of a modern-day, computer controlled operating theatre = could change as often as Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 21KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION ina modern operating theatre 23° | communal (paragraph E) Communal wards appropriate for__| - ata fraction of the energy certain patients - older people with dementia, for _| cost = energy use could be ‘example - would work just as well in today's reduced hospitals, at a fraction of the energy cost. = Communal wards = communal areas 24 | public (paragraph F) Much of the ingenuity present in 19" | a panicked public century hospital and building design was driven by a | clamouring for buildings Panicked public clamouring for buildings that could | that could protect protect against what was thought to be the lethal __| against ... = the demand threat of miasmas-~toxic air that spread disease: | from the public for protecting against .. 25. | miasmas miasmas - toxic air that spread disease = bad air, known as miasmas 26 | cholera (paragraph F) Miasmas were feared as the principal | - the cholera outbreaks = agents of disease and epidemics for centuries, and | epidemics of cholera were used to explain the spread of infection from | - in 1850s = in the middle of the Middle Ages right through to the cholera the 19th century outbreaks in London and Paris during in 1850s. Passage 3: Why companies should welcome disorder a7 |vi (Section A) We are told that we ought to organise _| that we ought to organise ‘our company, our home life, our week, our day and | our company... all as @ even our sleep, all as a means to becoming more _| means to becoming more productive. Every week, countless seminars. and _| productive ... they ought to workshops take place around the world to tell a structure their lives in order paying public that they ought to structure their lives | to achieve this = What in order to achieve this. people are increasingly expected to do 28 |i (section B) Ironically, however, the number of - the number of businesses businesses that fail has also steadily increased. that fail has also steadily Work-related stress has increased. A large creased. Work-related proportion of workers from all demographics claim | stress has increased. to be dissatisfied with the way their work is workers ... claim to be structured and the way they are managed. dissatisfied = complaints about the impact Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 22 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION = the way their work is structured and the way they are managed = a certain approach 29 | il (section C) Writing in the first half of the 20" ~he designed a number of century, he designed a number of principles to principles to improve the improve the efficiency of the work process, which _| efficiency of the work have since become widespread in moder process = companies. recommendations concerning business activities - in the first half of the 20" century = early 30 [ii (ection D) New research suggests that this, - this obsession with obsession with efficiency is misguided efficiency = fundamental beliefs - is misguided = are in fact incorrect at fix (Section E) What's more, recent studies show that | - recent studies show that = order actually has diminishing returns. evidence that Ifthe cost of formally structuring something - order = a certain outweighs the benefit of doing it, then that thing approach ‘ught not to be formally structures: - the cost... outweighs the benefit = can have more disadvantages than advantages 32 | vil (section F) ... best approach is to create an - lead to new solutions = environment devoid of structure and hierarchy and~ | how to achieve outcomes, enable everyone involved to engage as one organic | - would never be reached = group. These environments can lead to new impossible solutions that, under conventionally structured environments ... would never be reached, 33 [iv (sections G) In recent times companies have siowly | - companies = started to embrace this disorganizati organizations - embrace disorganization = put a new approach into practice Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 23, ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 34 | vill (section H) The evidence so far suggests disorder, much like order, also seems to have diminishing utility 35 | productive (section A) We are told that we ought to organise our company, our home life, our week, our day and even our sleep, all as a means to becoming more productive. Every week, countless seminars and workshops take place around the world to tell a paying public that they ought to structure their lives, in order to achieve this. = disorder, much like order = approach - diminishing utility = neither guarantees continuous provement ~ countless seminars and workshops = numerous training sessions ~are aimed at people who feel they are not productive = all as a means to becoming productive ... they ought to structure their lives in order to achieve this, 36 | perfectionists | (Section A) This rhetoric has also crept into the thinking of business leaders and entrepreneurs, ‘much to the delight of self-proclaimed perfectionists with the need to get everything right. = This rhetoric has also crept into the thinking of business leaders and entrepreneurs = being organised appeals to people who - self-proclaimed perfectionists themselves as perfectionists regard 37 | dissatisfied | (section B) A large proportion of workers from all demographics claim to be dissatisfied with the way their work is structured and the way they are. managed. - A large proportion of workers = many people - claim to dissatisfied = feel dissatisfied 38 | TRUE (section D) The result is that businesses and people spend time and money organising themselves for the sake of organising, rather than actually looking at the end goal and structure of such an effort - spend time and money organising themselves = aim at order - for the sake of organising, rather than actually looking at the end goal and structure of such an effort = without really considering its value FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 24KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 39 | FALSE (section F) In fact, research shows that, when = when innovation = innovation, the best approach is to create an innovation environment devoid of structure and hierarchy and | - the best approach is = is enable everyone to engage as one organic group. | most successful BUT: - “enable everyone to engage as one organic group’ is totally different from “if the people involved have distinct roles” => FALSE 40 | NOTGIVEN — | No information given No information given ON FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 25KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION USEFUL VOCABULARY IN TEST 2 Passage 1: “Alexander Henderson (1831 — 1913)” 1. sufficient: enough; adequate. sufficient /se fi/(e)nt/ {S) Besides English, | also speaking simplified Chinese. My basic Chinese is sufficient for me to have conersations with friends who are from China. (W-- 12) Adults who continue to live under their parent's house for a long time may fal to lead a self-sufficient lfe later on 2. prospect: the possibilty that something good might happen in the future prospect /‘prospekt/ {S) I've been getting itchy feet lately because it has been awhile since Tlast went somewhere, But with this condition, | think the prospect of normaly travelling is very bleak. (W -T2) Undoutedly, people who have obtained excellent qualifications have better career prospects than those without 3. souvenir: a thing that is kept as a reminder of a person, place, or event souvenir /su:va'nra/ (S) I'm clueless about what kind seuyenirs people buy when they travel, but for me, | often bring home postcards, mugs and some local specialities to share with family and friends 4. cater to: to satisfy a need or to provide what is wanted or needed by a particular person or group (S) Those who provide services need to cater to as many needs of customers as possible, as long as they are reasonable: (W -T1) Several new buildings were constructed to cater to different needs of the local, while some of the original features were kept unchanged. (W - 72) | personally believe building more vertical accommodation is a more effective way to to the need for housing in large cities: Passage 2: “Back to the future of skyscraper design” 1. excessive: more than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate. excessive /ik'ssv/ {S) | don’t normally spend excessive amounts of money freely. Not that I'm thirfty or something, Its all about practicality of the items. (W ~T2) The excessive consumption of fast food items, which are known to be high in salt, oil and fat, may later lead to health problems like obesity, diabetes or other chronic ilinesses, Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 26 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 2. squander: waste (something, especially money or time) in a reckless and foolish manner. squander /‘skwonde/ (S) | don't ke to squander money on something impractical. When it comes to shopping, | always think of the praciticality of an item before making any purchases. (W -T2) Many young people today have productivity issues, partly because they squander too much time on social networking sites doing nothing productive. 3. account for (S) Food accounts for the largest proportion of my expenditure now. | spend quite a lot buying foodstufffs every month. (W-T1) Native people account for 73% of Australian population, dramatically higher than 7% of British-Australian citizens 4, harsh: ‘+ (of climate or conditions) difficult to survive in; hostile ‘+ unpleasant, unkind, cruel, or more severe than is necessary harsh hoff (S) Feedback should be frank and constructive, but that doesn't mean it should be harsh. | think people should use words carefully so that it doesn't hurt the other person’ feelings (W - T2) Admittedly, travelling to far-flung places is troublesome or even dangerous to some extent. Firstly, researchers and tourists alike are often exposed to harsh and unfavorable weather, which can adversely affect their health Passage 3: “Why companies should welcome disorder” 1, demographic ‘+ (adj): relating to the structure of populations. + (n): a particular sector of a population. demographic /dema' graftk/ (S) Well, yes. sugar-based drinks are very popular with a young demographic. (W-T1) The line graph illustrates the demographic trends in New Zealand over a span of 100 years, starting in 1950. 2. foster: encourage the development of (something, especially something desirable) foster /‘foste/ {S) The use of technological devices in the classroom fosters an interactive and positive learning environment. (W - 72) Secondly, the larger influx of foreign tourists also translates into more income for the local as tourists often spend generously on services like food and recreational activities while travelling. Such money, in turn, contributes to fostering the host country's economic growth. Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 27 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 3. detrimental (to): tending to cause harm detrimental /detrs'ment(o)V/ {S) Spending too much time playing online games can be detrimental to the health of children. (W - T2) By imposing higher taxes on detrimental items like junk food and alcohol, among others, the government can discourage people's consumption of harmful products and hopefully be able to enhance the public health. 4. for the sake of sb / st: for the purpose of; in the interest of; in order to achieve or preserve. sake sek/ (S) | think the interest of the audience should be the first priority when producing shows as it would be unwise to produce shows for the sake of gender equality and diversity which are only watched by a few people (W ~ T2) | believe that the obsession with fashion trends is more negative for several reasons. Firstly, it tempts many people to splurge on something extravagant but not necessarily useful just for the sake of looking coo! or blending in 5. as opposed to: in contrast to, rather than oppose /o pouzd/ (S) I'd prefer travelling by plane, as opposed to sitting for hours on a train (W-T1) 40% of people aged 25-44 went to music concerts in 2010, as opposed to 25% of the 55-64 age group 6. in terms of in relation to something term /o:m/ {S) Yes, I've found a style that suits me and allows me to be comfortable, so | dress myself accordingly. | do make changes in terms of color, materials or the form of clothes though. (W -T1) The bar chart compares five organizations in terms of their investment in four different categories. (W -T2) On the one hand, studying abroad can certainly be helpful in terms of language and culture acquisition Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 28 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION TEST 3 EXPLANATION No | Answer Info in the passage Analysis Passage 1: The concept of intelligence 1 |B (paragraph B) For example, parents’ implicit ~ parents = non-scientists theories of their children’s language development | - implicit theories = will determine at what ages they will be willing to. | assumptions. make various corrections in their children speech. |r intetigence = about More generally, parents’ implicit theories of inteigence intelligence will determine at what ages they believe . their children are ready to perform various cognitive | ~ Will determine = influence tasks ~ at what ages they (parents) believe their children are ready to perform various cognitive tasks = their behaviour towards others 2 |A (paragraph A)... no one knows what it actually is. | no one knows what it This chapter addresses how people conceptualize | actually is. This chapter intelligence, whatever it may actually be. addresses how people conceptualize intelligence = a reference to lack of clarity over the definition of intelligence 3 |D (paragraph D)--- implicit theories can-be useful | - implicit theories can be when an investigator suspects that existing explicit | useful when ... explicit theories are wrong or misleading, theories are wrong or misleading = the point that a researcher's implicit and explicit theories may be very different - an investigator suspects that = may be 4 [NOTGIVEN _ | No information given No information given Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 29KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION NO (paragraph E) ... people have expectations for ~ people have expectations intellectual performances that differ from children of | for intellectual different ages. How these expectations differ is part | performances that a function of culture. For example, expectations for | children who participate children who participate in Western-style schooling | in... schooling ... = are almost certain to be different from those for people's expectation of children who do not participate in such schooling. | what children should gain from education BUT: - “that differ from children of different ages, differ is part a function of culture, children who participate in Western-style schooling are almost certain to be different from those for children who do not participate in such schooling" is totally different from “universal” NO YES (paragraph J) Until scholars are able to discuss their | - they (scholars) are likely implicit theories and thus theirassumptions, they _| to miss the point = scholars are likely to miss the point of what others are saying | may discuss theories when discussing their explicit theoties and their without fully understanding data each other. B (paragraph H) The Jeffersonian view is that people | - people should have equal should have equal opportunities... opportunities = it is desirable for the same Possibilities to be open to everyone. c (paragraph |) In this view, we do not need or want _ | - we do not need or want any institutions that night lead to favouring one any institutions that night group over another. lead to favouring one group over another = no section of society should have preferential treatment at the expense of another. B (paragraph H) ... to allow children the opportunities | - allow children the to make full use of the skills they have. opportunities to make full ————EEEEEEE——————EEs=s FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 30KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION Use of the skills they have people should only gain benefits on the basis of what they actually achieve 10 [A (paragraph G) ... people are born with different = people are born with levels of intelligence. different levels of intelligence = variation in intelligence begins at birth a [A (paragraph G) ... seem to have shared this belief | - a cognitive (high-IQ) elite when they wrote about the emergence of a the more intelligence cognitive (high-IQ) elite, which eventually would | people have to take responsibility for the largely. = would have to take itresponsible masses of non-elite (low-IQ) people | responsibility = should be in who cannot take care of themselves. position of power 2 (|c (paragraph |) .-- people are essentially - people are essentially intersubstitutable except for specialized skills, all of | intersubstitutable except for which can be learned. specialized skills, all of which can be learned = everyone can develop the same abilities 13 [A (paragraph G) ... for the largely irresponsible - the largely irresponsible masses of non-elite (low-I@) people who cannot take care of themselves ... Left to themselves, the unintelligent would create, as they always have created, a kind of chaos. masses of non-elite (low- 1Q) people, the unintelligent = people of low intelligent - cannot take care of themselves; would create, as they always have created, a kind of chaos = are likely to lead uncontrolled lives. Passage 2: Saving bugs to d new drugs 14 Jc (paragraph C) ... the development of new approaches focusing once again on natural products. ... This realization, together with several looming health crises, such as antibiotic resistance, has put bioprospecting - the research for useful ‘compounds in nature - firmly back on the map. the development of new approaches & several looming heath crises = mention of factors driving a renewed interest in natural medicinal compounds Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) caKLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 15 JH (paragraph H) Fortunately, itis now possible to snip | Fortunately, itis now out the stretches of the insect's DNA that carry the | possible to snip out the codes for the interesting compounds and insert stretches of the insect's them into cell lines that allow larger quantities tobe | DNA = how recent produced, technological advances have made insect research easier 16 [A (paragraph A) capuchin monkeys who use toxin-_| - capuchin monkeys, oozing millipedes to deter mosquitoes chimpanzees = examples chimpanzees who use noxious forest plants to rid | of animals themselves of intestinal parasites. - who use ... = which use medicinal substances from nature 7 |r (paragraph F) Why is that insects have received | Why is that insects have relatively litle attention in bioprospecting? received relatively little Firstly, ... Secondly, ... Thirdly, .<. attention in bioprospecting? rstly, ... Secondly, Thirdly, ... = reason why it is challenging to use insects in drug research 18 | (paragraph 1) | sincerely believe that all species, _| - If we can shine a light on however small and seemingly insignificant, have a _| the darker recesses of right to exist for their own sake. fwe can shine a _| nature's medicine cabinet. light on the darker recesses of nature’s medicine _| we can make people think cabinet, exploring the useful chemistry of the most _| differently about the value diverse animals on the planet, | believe we can of nature = reference to make people think differently about the value of| —_| how interest in drug nature. research may benefit wildlife 19 |B (paragraph B) Then, for a while, modern for a while, modern pharmaceutical science moved its focus away from | pharmaceutical science nature and into the laboratory, deigning chemical __| moved its focus away from ‘compounds from scratch. The main cause of this __| nature and into the shift is that although there are plenty of promising | laboratory ... The main chemical compounds in nature, finding them is far | cause of this shift is that, from easy. = a reason why nature- based medicines fell out of favour for a period Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 20 JE (paragraph E) For example, alloferon, an alloferon, an antimicrobial antimicrobial compound produced by blow fly compound produced by larvae, is used as an antiviral and antitumor agent in | blow fly larvae, is used. South Korea and Russia in South Korea and Russia = an example of an insect- derived medicine in use at the moment 21 |B (paragraph G) The creatures that particularly the many insects that interest us are the many insects that secrete secrete powerful poison for powerful poison for subduing prey and keeping it | subduing prey ... = the fresh for future consumption variety of substances insects have developed to protect themselves 22 [c (Paragraph H) Fortunately, itis now possible to snip | itis now possible to snip out the stretches of the insect's DNA that carry the _| out the stretches of the odes for the interesting compounds and insert insect's DNA that carry the them into cell lines that allow larger quantities to be | codes ... = the potential to produced. extract and make use of insect's genetic codes 23, | ecology (paragraph G) My colleagues and | at Aberystwyth | - My colleagues and | at University in the UK have developed an approach in | Aberystwyth University = which we use our knowledge of ecology as a guide | Ross Piper and fellow to target out efforts. Zoologists at Aberystwyth University ~have developed an approach in which we use our knowledge of ecology = using their expertise in ecology 24 | prey (paragraph G) The creatures that particularly ~ The creatures that terest us are many insects that secrete powerful | particularly interest us = poison for subduing prey and keeping it fresh for _| they are interested in future consumption. ~ many insects that secrete powerful poison = the compounds that insects produce subduing = overpower - keeping it (prey) fresh = preserve their prey FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 33,KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 25 | habitats (paragraph G) There are even more insects that are | habitats ... where they are masters of exploring fithy habitats, such as faeces | regularly challenged by and carcasses, where they are regularly challenged _| thousands of micro- by thousands of micro-organisms. These insects _| organisms. These insects have many antimicrobial compounds for dealing _| have many antimicrobial with pathogenic bacteria and fungi compounds for dealing with pathogenic bacteria and fungi = compounds which insects use to protect themselves from pathogenic bacteria and fungi found in their habitats 26 | antibiotics (paragraph G) ... suggesting that there is certainly | - many compounds = these Potential to find many compounds that can serve as_| substances Or inspire new antibiotics. ~can serve aa or inspire new antibiotics = will be useful in the development of drugs such as antibiotics Passage 3: The power of play 27 |B (paragraph 4) Definitions range from discrete physical, construction, descriptions of various types of play such as language, or symbolic play physical, construction, language, or Symbolic play _ | = a number of separate (Miller & Almon 2009) categories 28 |G (paragraph 8) The adults’ role in play varies@sia_| The adults’ role in play function of their educational goals and the child's _| varies as a function of their developmental level (Hirch-Pasek et al. 2009) educational goals and the child's developmental level = adults’ intended goals affect how they play with children 29 |F (paragraph 7) Researcher Joan Goodman (1994) _| - hybrid forms of work and suggested that hybrid forms of work and play are not a detriment to learning; rather they can provide optimal contexts for learning. play = combining work and play ~ are not a detriment to leaming; rather they can provide optimal contexts for Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION Teaming = may be the best way for children to lean 30 |E (paragraph 6) Rubin and colleagues did not assign | Rubin and colleagues did greater weight to any one dimension in determining playfulness; however, other researchers have suggested that process orientation and a lack of obvious functional purpose may be the most important aspects of play (e.g. Pellegrini 2009) not assign greater weight to any one dimension in determining playfulness; HOWEVER, process orientation and a lack of obvious functional purpose may be the most important aspects of play (Pellegrini) = Certain elements of play are more significant than others ai [Cc (paragraph 5) Often, play is defined along a Continuum as more or less playful using the following set of behavioural and dispositional criteria (e.g. Rubin et al. 1983) - play is defined = activities can be classified ~along a continuum as more or less playful using the following set of behavioural and dispositional criteria = on a scale of playfulness 32 [NO (paragraph 1) Virtually every child, the world over, plays. The drive to plays is so intense that children will do so in any circumstances, for instance when they have no real toys, or when parents do not, actively encourage the behaviour In the eyes ofa young child, running, pretending and building is fun. children will do so in any circumstances, for instance when they have no real toys” > < ‘children need toys in order to play" > NO 33. | YES (paragraph 2) Our society has created a false dichotomy between play and learning, ~has created a false dichotomy between play and learning = itis a mistake to treat play and learning as separate types of activities 34 |NOTGIVEN | No information given No information given 35 [NO (paragraph 4) Full consensus on a formal definition of play continues to elude the researchers and theorists who study it, ~"to elude” > < “have agreed’ =>NO FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi) 35KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 36 | YES (paragraph 7) Unlike play, work is typically not - Unlike play, work is ... = viewed as enjoyable and it is extrinsically motivated | work and play differ (ie. itis goal-oriented) - work is typically not viewed as enjoyable and it extrinsically motivated (le. itis goal-oriented terms of whether or not they have a target 37 | encouraging —_| (paragraph 9) In the more direct form of guided In the more direct form of play, parents or other adults can support children's | guided play = in the play by joining in the fun as a co-player, raising simplest form of guided thoughtful questions, commenting on children’s. play .... Alternatively, discoveries, or encouraging further exploration or | - parents or other adults lew facets to the child's activity. can support children's play = an adult can play with a child and develop the play Acouraging further exploration = encouraging the child to investigate 38 | desire (paragraph 9) Although playful learning can be - Although playful learning somewhat structured, it must’also be child-centered | can be somewhat (Nicolopolou et al. 2006). Play should stem from the | structured, it must also be child's own desire, child-centered = Adults can help children to learn through play, and may make the activity rather structured, but it should still be based on the child's desire to play - Play should stem from the child's own desire = it should stil be based on the child's desire to play 39° | autonomy (last paragraph) Intrinsically motivated free play = free play = play without provides the child with true autonomy, ... while intervention guided play is an avenue through which parents and | . tue autonomy = real autonomy Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 36 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 40 Targeted ‘educators can provide the child more targeted parents and educators = learning experiences. adults - targeted learning experiences = targeted at particular goals USEFUL VOCABULARY IN TEST 3 Passage 1: “The concept of intelligence” 1. In other words: expressed in a different way; that is to say. (S) If the movie is predictable, it gets boring over time. In other words, | don't like movies whose details can be figured out easily (W -72) At the make-or-break moment, itis, more often than not, the ability to remain calm and focused, or in other words, the willpower of the sportsman, not his physical ability, that helps him beat his competition and come out victorious, 2. as opposed to: in contrast to, rather than ‘oppose /e pouzd/ (S) I'd prefer travelling by plane, as opposed to sitting for hours on a train (W-T1) , 40% of people aged 25-44 went to music concerts in 2010, as opposed to 25% of the 55-64 age group 3. give rise to: cause to happen (S) One problem that occurs when children play online games is that it is much harder for adults to control their virtual relationships, which can give tise to unwanted consequences later on. (W - T2) | believe that the experiences adolescents undergo exert a more significant impact. This is because teenagers now interact with a wider social circle, not mainly limited to their family like in childhood years, and this can give rise to more problems. 4, phenomenon (n): ‘+ a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question ‘+a person or thing that is very successful or impressive phenomenon /fa'‘nommen/ (S) Kpop has become a global phenomenon in recent years because of its blend of catchy melodies, slick and perfectly synchronized choreography, among other reasons. (W - 72) Itis a recent phenomenon that modem young people are spending more time and money following the latest trends in the fashion industry. | personally believe this is rather a negative development; however, its positive side should not be overlooked. Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS a ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION 5. take something into account / consideration = take into account / consideration of something: to consider or remember something when judging a situation {S) There are many factors one should take into account when searching for a job. Off the top of my head, the working environment. You need to know whether you'll be working in what kind of environment and with what kind of people as it directly affects your work performance and productivity. Secondly, the salary. This doesn't need any explanation, right? (W ~ T2) | believe that laws should not always be fixed or rigid, but need to be flexible and take into consideration the nature and the circumstances, among others, of each crime to ensure fair and just punishments. Passage 2: “Saving bugs to find new drugs” 1. derive (from): obtain something from derive /ar'ratv/ (8) The reason why many people enjoy working is because they can derive joy from doing it, and in tum are willing to spend more time working. (W ~ 72) Itis true that the satisfaction one derives from their job plays an integral part in their life. While | accept that job contentment is important, | disagree with the idea that life would tum meaningless without it. 2. deter: discourage (someone) from doing something by instilling doubt or fear of the consequences deter /dr'to/ (8) Laws definitely should be set in place to deter people from committing crimes. (W - T2) By imposing higher taxes on detrimental items like junk food and alcohol, among others, the government can deter people's consumption of harmful products and hopefully be able to enhance the public health. 3. from scratch: from the very beginning, especially without utilizing or relying on any previous work for assistance. {S) One of the great joys of working in a start-up is being able to build everything you want from, Scratch. Many may think it's challenging, but for me, it's rewarding and fun. 4. sufficient: enough; adequate sufficient /so fi/(e)nt/ {S) Besides English, | also speaking simplified Chinese. My basic Chinese is sufficient for me to have conersations with friends who are from China. (W - T2) Adults who continue to live under their parent's house for a long time may fail to lead a self-sufficient life later on 5. hurdle: a problem or difficulty that must be overcome. hurdle /ho:d(e)/ {S) Well, before kicking off a project, the first hurdle to overcome is usually finding the right people for all the vacant positions FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 38 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)KLISH EDUCATION READING TEST EXPLANATION (W - 72) | personally think streaming students is more beneficial. For students, after being streamed, they can study materials that have been designed specifically for their levels and consequently are more able to overcome hurdles and achieve better academic results 6. prompt: (of an event or fact) cause or bring about (an action or feeling) prompt /prom(p)/ (8) | don't think advertisements have ever prompted me to buy anything before. | usually buy something that is practical rather than make impulsive purchases after seeing adverts, no matter how well-known the brand is. (W - 72) | believe updating onesetf with global news is of equal importance and should not be overlooked. The rationale behind this is because information covered in global news also has a direct influence on many people around the world. Take the current regulation issued by the US government regarding international students as an example, After the information was released, it prompted stiff opposition trom not only people in the US but also international students because of the enormous impacts 7. ubiquity: the fact of appearing everywhere or of being very common. ubiquity ju: brkwsti/ {S) Today, you can see advertisements pretty much everywhere because of the growing ubiquity of advertising. (W - T2) The increasing ubiquity of fast food also contributes to the economic development of ‘a country as it brings in more revenues for those giant fast food chains and later tax money for the local government, Passage 3: “The power of play” 1. instrumental = fundamental: important in causing something to happen instrumental /Anstres'ment(a)W/ (S) Physical strength and emotional strength are both very instrumental in any sports success, because without them, sportsmen cannot compete: (W - T2) The laws certainly play an instrumental role in maintaining order in society. Without them, the society could be exposed to chaos and social unrest. 2. counterpart: a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another person or thing in a different place or situation, counterpart /keontopa:t/ (S) One significant difference between boys and girls that I've noticed is that gitls are often more emotionally mature than their male counterparts. (W-T1) In 1988, 20.35% of Germans were aged 65 or over, followed by 16.45% of Canadians and 14.25% of their British counterparts, Od FACEBOOK PAGE: KLISH FACEBOOK GROUP: KLISH X IELTS 39 ‘BHotline: 03 97 27 57 88 (Ms. Chi)