METHODIST

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE NEW Delhi | Affiliated to Osmania University, Hyderabad
Abids, Hyderabad, Telengana – 500 001
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Mini Project Synopsis
Staff Use only:
Selected / Rejected Name of the Guide Name of the Project coordinator
Prof. Dr Ravi M Yadahalli

1. Mini Project Topic / Title:

Tentative: Automatic Railway Gate Controller

Finalized (Guide will write):

2. Details of Group Members:

Roll. Mobile
Class Division Name of Student Email Id
No. Number
16071 ECE A SYEDA NAZNEEN 7993257092 Syedanazneen483@gmail.com
97350
32
16071 ECE A SAMA KHATOON 7396446792 Samakhan2028@gmail.com
97350
35

Project Overview / Background:

Introduction:

Automatic Railway Gate Control System is a simple but beneficial project, which help is automatically
open and close the railway gate upon detecting arrival or departure of the train. In general, Railway gates
are opened or closed manually by a gatekeeper. The information about the train's arrival for opening or
closing the door remains received from the nearby station. But some railway crossings are unattended,
and many railway accidents occur at these lone level crossings. Therefore, to avoid human intervention at
level crossings altogether, we need to automate the process of railway gate control.

Need of Work / Reason for selection of this project:

Present work remains designed using an 8051 microcontroller to avoid railway accidents happening at
unattended railway gates if implemented in spirit. This project utilizes two powerful I.R. transmitters and
two receivers; one pair of transmitters and receiver is fixed at up side (from where the train comes) at a
level higher than a human being in exact alignment. Similarly, the other pair remains selected at the
downside of the train direction. Sensor activation time remains adjusted by calculating the time taken at a
certain speed to cross at least one compartment of a standard minimum size of the Indian railway.

Objective:

Nowadays, India is the country that has the world's largest railway network. Over hundreds of railways
running on track every day. It is impossible to stop the running train immediately if some critical situation
or emergency arises. Hence, train accidents have severe consequences of loss of human life, injury, damage
to Railway property. The concept of the model is to control the railway gate using a microcontroller or anti-
collision technique.

Block diagram with explanation:

The two I.R. sensors remain placed at the left and right sides of the railway gate. The distance between
the two I.R. sensors is dependent on the length of the train. In general, we have to consider the longest
train on that route. Now we'll see how this circuit works in real-time. In this image, we can see the real-
time representation of this project. If sensor 1 detects the train's arrival, the microcontroller starts the
motor with the help of the motor driver to close the gate. The gate remains closed as the train passes the
crossing. When the train crosses the gate and reaches the second sensor, it detects the train, and the
microcontroller will open the gate.

Methodology:

Proposed Techniques or methods to be implemented:

A Reflective type I.R. Sensor remains used in this project. In Reflective Type I.R. Sensor, the I.R.
transmitter and receiver remain placed side by side. Therefore, when there is no obstacle in front of the
sensor, the I.R. rays transmitted by the I.R. Transmitter will travel undetected as no rays fall on the I.R.
Receiver. However, if there is an obstacle in front of the I.R. Transmitter and Receiver pair, the I.R. Rays
get reflected off the obstacle's surface and are incident on the I.R. Receiver. This setup can remain
configured to detect an object similar to a Train and can stay used to switch ON or OFF the similar load's
motors with the help of a microcontroller.

Project Flowchart:
 Advantages:

An Automatic Railway Gate Control remains implemented with simple hardware and easy control.
Human intervention at level crossings can remain removed with the help of this project, and many railway
level crossing accidents can remain prevented. Reduces the chances of human error. Less time-
consuming. No human resource is required. Safety and quality of services Accident avoidance

Limitations:

The system can remain implemented more efficiently by incorporating a more efficient sensor network. A
combination of manual wireless control and sensors based control can remain used for better operation.

Applications:
They remain used in automatically opening and closing the railway gate upon detecting the arrival or
departure of the train.

Project requirements:

Microcontroller, Quartz Crystal, Ceramic Capacitor, Electrolytic Capacitor, Resistors, Programmer Board,
I.R. Sensor, Motor Driver I.C. and Motor.

Facilities required (include software, hardware):

Soldering remains needed for the making of the project.

Budget:

S.NO COMPONENTS SPECIFICATIONS RATE (IN

REQUIRED RUPEES)
1 Microcontroller AT89C51 MCU 150/-
2 Quartz Crystal 11.0592 MHz 50/-
3 Ceramic Capacitor 33pF 30/-
4 Electrolytic 10µF / 16V 20/-
Capacitor
5 Resistors 10KΩ 50/-
6 Programmer Board AT89C51 1500/-
7 IR Sensor Reflective Type 50/-
8 Resistor 1KΩ 30/-
9 Motor Driver IC L293D 50/-
10 Motor - 30/-
TOTAL: 1960/-

References:

https://www.eeweb.com/

Mini Project Coordinator H.O.D.