Analysis and design of an IS

What is needed in analysis and design?

 Methodologies (step by step approach)
 Techniques (helps in complete and comprehensive analysis and design)
 Tools (computer programs and other aids)

SDLC ( Traditional methodology for developing, maintaining and replacing IS)

 PLANNING (identify, prioritize and arrange IS needs)

 ANALYSIS (Study and structure system requirements)
 DESIGN (convert recommended solutions to system specifications)
 IMPLEMENTATION ( code, test, install and support the IS)
 MAINTAINENCE ( systematically repair and improve the IS)

PLANNING

Project Identification and Selection

 Two Main Activities

o Identification of need
o Prioritization and translation of need into a development schedule
 Helps organization to determine whether or not resources should be dedicated to a project.

Project Initiation and Planning

 Two Activities
o Formal preliminary investigation of the problem at hand
o Presentation of reasons why system should or should not be developed by the
organization.

ANALYSIS

Study of current procedures and information systems

 Determine requirements
▪ Study current system
▪ Structure requirements and eliminate redundancies
 Generate alternative solutions
 Compare alternatives
 Recommend best alternative

DESIGN

 Logical design: functional features describe independently on computer platform

o Concentrates on business aspects of system
 Physical design: logical specifications transformed to technology specific details.
o Technical specifications

IMPLEMENTATION

 CODE & TEST

 Hardware and software
  Programming
 User training
 documentation

MAINTAINENCE

 System changed to reflect the changing cond.

 System obsolescence.

METHODOLOGIES

 Traditional waterfall (one phase begins when another completes, little backtracking and
looping)
 JAD
 RAD (prototyping)
 Agile (extreme programming and scrum)

Prototyping

• Building a scaled-down working version of the

system

• Advantages:

– Users are involved in design

– Captures requirements in concrete form

Basic process of analysis

 BPA – small change

 BPI – moderate change
 BPR – significant change

Data warehouse

– A relational database management system designed

specifically to support management decision making

– Current evolution of Decision Support Systems (DSSs)

Data mart

– A subset of a data warehouse for small and medium-size

businesses or departments within larger companies

Data mining

– The automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data

warehouse

Data mining - Provides bottom-up, discovery-driven analysis

• Data mining applications

• Market segmentation

• Customer queries

• Fraud detection

• Direct marketing

• Market basket analysis

• Trend analysis

On-line analytic processing (OLAP)

• Access to multidimensional databases providing managerially useful display techniques

• Now used to store and deliver data warehouse information.

Provides top-down, query-driven analysis.

Data mart

Data Marts for use by groups of decision makers

in the organizations.

•ETL (Extract Transform Load) jobs extract data

from the Data Warehouse populate Data Marts

•Data Mart contain different combinations of

tables, columns and rows from the Enterprise

Data Warehouse