COAGULANTS AND ANTICOAGULANTS

COAGULANTS
Coagulants are the drugs that promote coagulation and control bleeding. They are also called
hemostatic agents.

These drugs are of two types:

- Systemic coagulants
- Local coagulants (styptics)
Systemic coagulants
Include:
Vitamin K
Ethamsylate
Desmopressin
Fibrinogen
Anti-hemophilic factor
Tranexamic acid
Epsilon aminocaproic acid

Local coagulants (styptics)

Include:
 Adrenaline
Fibrin glue
Gelatin
Thrombin
Oxidizes cellulose
Hemocoagulase

Vitamin K
ANTICOAGULANTS
Anticoagulants, commonly known as blood thinners, are chemical substances that prevent or
reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. They inhibit specific pathways of the
coagulation cascade, which happens after the initial platelet aggregation and ultimately leads to
formation of fibrin and stable aggregated platelet products.
Classification of anticoagulants
1. In vitro anticoagulants: eg: Heparin, Sodium oxalate, Sodium citrate, Sodium edetate
2. In vivo anticoagulants:
i). Injectable: Heparin
ii) Oral:
a) Coumarin derivatives – Warfarin
b) Indandiones – Phenindione, Anisindione
Coumarins (Vitamin K antagonists)
Platelet aggregation inhibitors

An antiplatelet drug (antiaggregant), also known as platelet aggregation inhibitor is a drug that
decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation. They are effective in the arterial
circulation where anticoagulants have little effect.

They are widely used in primary and secondary prevention of thrombotic cerebrovascular or
cardiovascular disease.
Drugs include:
- Clopidogrel
- Ticagrelor
- Ticlopidine
- Prasugrel
Synthesis