Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IX-Zamboanga Peninsula
Division of Pagadian City
PAGADIAN CITY SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
National Highway,Tuburan, Pagadian City

Name: Grade and Section:

Subject: GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 Quarter: FIRST Week 5

Competencies: Apply the principles of stoichiometry to determine the amounts (volume, number of
moles, or mass) of gaseous reactants and products (STEM_GC11GSIi-j-48)
Relate the rate of gas effusion with molar mass (STEM_GC11KMTIj-50)

Activity #1: REACTION STOICHIOMETRY OF GASES

Reaction stoichiometry – the relationship between the moles of reactants and products in
a reaction. The Ideal Gas Equation enables the calculation of the number of moles of a gas
from its pressure, volume, and temperature.

Example:
Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, is a common bleaching agent. It decomposes quickly to water
and oxygen gas at high temperatures.

2H2O2(l) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

How many liters of oxygen are produced at 788°C and 0.934 atm when 1.27 L of H2O2 (Density
= 1.00 g/mL) decompose?

Change °C to K and L of H2O2 to ml. Find the mass of H2O2. Note that you cannot directly use
the volume of H2O2 to calculate the volume of O2 because H2O2 is NOT a gas.

Directions: Write your answer on the space before the number.

1. Calculate the volume of oxygen gas produced at 1.00 atm and 25 °C by the
complete decomposition of 10.5 g of potassium chlorate. The balanced equation
for the reaction is:
2KClO3 (s) → 2KCl(s) + 3 O2 (g)

2. The combustion reaction of Ethyl Alcohol:

C2H5OH(l) + O2(g) →CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Calculate the volume of air in liters at 35.0°C and 790 mmHg required to
burn 227 g of ethyl alcohol. The composition of O2 in air is 21.0 % by volume.

3. Tetraphosphorus trisulfide burns to form tetraphosphorus decaoxide and

sulfur dioxide gas. How many millimeters of sulfur dioxide, measured at 725
torr and 32oC can be produced from burning 0.800 g of the reactant?

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 Activity #2: KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

The theory assumes a model which can be used to explain why gases behave the way they
do. The model is described through a set of postulates:

1. Gases are made up of very small molecules, which are separated by a very great distance
between them. The dimension of the molecules is very much smaller than the distance
between them.
2. Because of the very great distance between them, the force of attraction between the
molecules is negligible. The molecules are independent of each other.
3. The molecules are in constant motion, moving in randomly in all directions.
5. During these collisions, there is no change in the momentum of the molecules.
6. The average kinetic energy of the molecules is determined only by the absolute temperature
of the gas.

The mathematical treatment of the Kinetic Molecular Theory would lead to an equation
for the root-mean-square velocity of the molecule:

This equation clearly shows that as the temperature increases, the velocity of the
molecule increases. The gas molecules move faster at a higher temperature. It also shows
that as the molar mass (µ) of the molecule increases, the velocity of the molecule decreases.
If the velocity of two molecules of molar mass µ1 and µ2 are compared, the result is:

The velocity of the molecules determines the rate of diffusion of the gases. The relationship
between diffusion rate and molar mass has been verified by experiments, and is known as
Graham’s Law of Diffusion.

Examples:

1. Calculate the root-mean-square speeds of helium atoms in m/s at 25°C.

To calculate urms, the units of R should be 8.314 J/K mol and, because 1 J = 5 1 kg m2/s2,
the molar mass must be in kg/mol. The molar mass of He is 4.003 g/mol, or 4.003 x 1023
kg/mol.

Using the conversion factor 1 J = 1 kg m2/s2 we get:

2. A flammable gas made up only of carbon and hydrogen is found to effuse through a porous
barrier in 1.50 min. Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, it takes an
equal volume of bromine vapor 4.73 min to effuse through the same barrier. Calculate the
molar mass of the unknown gas, and suggest what this gas might be.

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The rate is inversely proportional to the time required for diffusion. Graham’s Law can now
be written as , where t1 and t2 are the times for effusion for gases
1 and 2, respectively.

From the molar mass of Br2, we write:

where µ is the molar mass of the unknown gas. Solving for µ, we obtain:

Directions: Write your answer on the space before the number.

1. Calculate the root-mean-square speeds of nitrogen molecules in m/s at

25°C.

2. An unknown gas composed of homonuclear diatomic molecules effuses at a

rate that is 0.355 times the rate at which O2 gas effuses at the same
temperature.

a. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown gas

b. Identify the identity of the unknown gas

2. The graph below shows the distribution of molecular speeds for Argon and
Helium at the same temperature:

a. Which curve better represents the behavior of Argon? Explain.

b. Which curve represents the gas that effuses more slowly? Explain.

c. Which curve more closely represents the behaviour of Fluorine gas?

Explain.

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