UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS

A TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL

WORK EXPERIENCE

COURSE TITLE: INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

COURSE CODE: SIW400
UNDERTAKEN AT

AG BELORI NIG. LTD

KM26, LAGOS / IBADAN EXPRESSWAY,
ASESE, OGUN STATE.

BY

OGUNMODEDE OLAIDE PROMISE

MATRIC NO: 170812501
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the report is a detailed account of Students’ Industrial Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) undertaken at AG BELORI NIG. LTD for a period
of six (6) months and has been prepared in accordance to regulations guiding the
preparations of reports guiding the building, University Of Lagos.

…………………………… …………………
Student Date

……………………………. …………………..
Industry-based supervisor Date
DEDICATION
I dedicate this report to the almighty God for his grace, protection, and for the
successful completion of my internship.
I also dedicate this report to my mother Mrs. Monisola Ogunmodede for her
direction, provision and unending support.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank God almighty for his mercies, seeing me through all my endeavors and
granting me the grace to have successfully completed this program. I express my
Gratitude of AG BELORI NIGERIA LIMITED, for giving me the opportunity to have
done my industrial training with them.
I cannot thank my industry based supervisor ENGR. Ifeanyi Ojirika enough for his
tolerance, advice and guidance throughout the course of the training. The
management and entire staff of AG BELORI NIG. LTD for being so accommodating
and their contributions in making my training worthwhile.
I also want to appreciate the CENTRAL INDUSTRIAL LIASON AND PLACEMENT
UNIT (CILPU) for initiating such a wonderful program, my institution based
supervisor for his guidance, and thorough assessment of my progress whilst
undergoing the training, the SIWES coordinator, Dr Allo for his tolerance,
patience, and relentless efforts in guiding us towards the realization of a hitch
free SIWES program.
To my colleagues who have made themselves available when I’m at crossroads
and in dire need of direction, my gratitude knows no bounds.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
The Industrial Report presents the experienced gathered during my six month
Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (S.I.W.E.S) Training undertaken at
AG BELORI NIGERIA LIMITED.
For my training I was involved in the subsoil investigation works for the proposed
hospital development along Abila road, Oniru, Victoria Island. I acquired practical
knowledge on how subsoil investigations are carried out carried out and I also
assisted my site engineer in the supervision of work done by the workers and the
subcontractors.
This report also discusses the knowledge and exposure gained during the training
period and justifying the relevance of the scheme in equipping students with
needed technical competence to thrive in the real word.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO S.I.W.E.S
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SIWES PROGRAMME
The student’s industrial working experience scheme SIWES is a program initiated
by the industrial training fund in 1973 to bridge the gap between theory and
practice.
The students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is strategized for skill
acquisition. The major reason behind the embankment of students in SIWES was
to expose them to the industrial environment and enable them develop
occupational competences so that they can readily contribute their quota to
national economic development and technological advancement after graduation.
The students industrial work experience scheme(SIWES) is funded jointly by the
industrial training fund(ITF).The training is for a duration of six months, where
students go to the industry to acquire practical skills. University students in their
pen ultimate year are opportune to go for this industrial training program. The
guidelines for successful participation of the SIWES program are shown below:
 The student must participate in the SIWES orientation programme before
proceeding on industrial training.
 The student needs to seek for a place of attachment.
 The student needs to be present in his/her place of attachment.
 The student needs to fill Logbook for daily and monthly activities carried out
according to the number of month spent for the program, and duly signed by the
industrial supervisor.
 The student needs to wait for his/her institutional supervisor for visitation in
their place of attachment.
 The student needs to visit ITF office for submission of some documents and for
comments
 The student needs to write and submit a technical report about the industrial
training program and
 The student needs to prepare for oral presentation in the institution for
assessment.

The training exercise is expected to achieve the following objectives;

 Preparation of students for field working conditions after the completion of
their respective course.
 To enlist and strengthen employers involvement in the entire educational
process for preparing students for employment in the industry.
 To equip students and get them accustomed to some inevitable professional
challenges and respective workable solutions.
 To make transition from school to the world of work easier and enhance
students contact for later job placement.
 To expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment
and machinery that may not be in educational institutions.
CHAPTER 2
ABOUT THE COMPANY
AG BELORI NIGERIA LTD is an indigenous registered Nigeria company
incorporated in 2003, which involved in contracting works whose main area of
specialty is the various fields of piling, civil constructions and Geotechnical
engineering services.
The company consist of a group of young dedicated well trained professionals and
highly skilled tradesmen with several years of post-qualifications experience
spanning a wide spectrum of the general civil engineering construction industry.
AG BELORI is a partnership company owned by
 MR. Ogunbayo A. Gbenga
 MRS. Oviesa Rahmat
AG BELORI is well equipped to handle various classes piling and geotechnical and
civil works. And it’s well committed towards health and safety policy which are
well understood by its workers for a proper implementation.
The company has also established a solid reputation and good will among
professionals in the building industry to enable it face expected challenges in the
Nigeria business environment.
CHAPTER 3
THINGS LEARNT DURING INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
Engineering geology is the application of geology to engineering study for the
purpose of assuring that the geological factors regarding the location, design,
construction, operation and maintenance of engineering works are recognized
and accounted for.
Engineering geologists need to identify the local rock and soil conditions at a site
and anticipate natural hazards such as earthquakes so that such structures can be
designed, constructed and operated safely and economically. Engineering
geologist need to work with civil engineers and understand what they are trying
to do and the constraints under which they work.
WHAT DO ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS DO?
An engineering geologist most important role is the interpretation of landforms
and earth processes to identify potential geologic and related man made hazards
that may have a great impact on civil structures and human development
An engineering geologist investigates the geological conditions at a site and to
present these in a simplified model. These models identify and account for all the
natural hazards that might impact the site.
As an engineering geologist carrying out subsoil investigation on a proposed site
for foundation purposes, the main objectives is to ascertain the type and
geotechnical properties of the underlying soil, as well as to evaluate the suitability
as foundation materials for adequate design of foundation for the proposed
developments at the site .
In order to accomplish this, the following must be done;
Site Investigation
1. Geology of the site: The first thing to watch out for when investigating a
site as an engineering geology is the geology of the proposed site for the
engineering structure. Things to look out for are the rocks present in the
proposed site or around the site, and the soil in and around the site. The
soil is tested on the field and in the laboratory.
2. Geotechnical survey of the site: Drilling into the subsurface to discover the
rock types and their various boundaries. During the drilling operations in-
situ Standard penetration tests (SPT) and soil samples are taken at depth
and analyzed at the laboratory. The process also involves checking the soil
consistency and structure, groundwater level and making
recommendations for the engineering project based on the results.
3. Soil Strength: The shear strength of the soil is one of the important
properties of soil to look out for during geotechnical analyses. The strength
of the soil provides safety for geotechnical structures. The bearing strength,
slope stability and bearing wall of the bases are influenced by the shear
strength of the soil.
4. Soil properties:
Permeability: This tells us how easy the grouting fluid can penetrate. This is
determined in boreholes.
k = (Q)
5.5 r H
Where: Q = Volume of flow, r = radius of casing, H = differential head
- causing flow
 Porosity: It gives an indication of the volume required to fill the soil (rock)
with grout fluid.
SOIL TESTING/INVESTIGATIONS
Soil investigations must be undertaken to determine the bearing of the soil, its
settlement rate and the position of the water table. One of the easiest methods is to
dig trial pits and visual inspections carried out then samples with minimum
disturbance are collected for subsequent laboratory testing. Where possible,
drilling should be undertaken as this enables one to obtain undisturbed samples
from which settlement rate and bearing capacity may be obtained. For soils that
loosen, such as sand and gravel, a plate bearing test can be used to determine the
bearing capacity of the soil in-situ and designing of the static loads on spread
footings. If the strength of the soil is not adequate for the increased loading, it is
necessary to improve on the foundations by introducing piles or enlarging the
footing and reinforcing it better to sustain the increased loading.
The common soil tests for construction includes classification of soil, particle size
distribution, moisture content, specific gravity, liquid limit and plastic limit tests.
Moisture contents, particle size and specific gravity, tests on soils are used for the
calculation of soil properties such as degree of saturation.
The soil test can be laboratory tests or in-situ tests. The laboratory tests should be
carried out on every sample taken for determination of particle size and moisture
content.

Soil testing for foundation purposes

There are various types of soil tests but I was opportune to learn the static cone
penetrometer tests (CPT). The static cone penetration test is one of the most widely
used and accepted test method for determining the engineering properties of soil
and delineating soil stratigraphy. The cone penetration test rigs vary in sizes- from
small portable rigs to large truck-mounted rigs.
The cone penetration test (CPT) is an in-situ test that can be carried out from the
ground surface with a need of a borehole. In thus test a cone penetrometer is
pushed into the ground at a standard rate and data are recorded at regular intervals
during penetration. The test is first carried out by pushing the steel cone into the
ground at a standard velocity of 1 to 2cm/s while keeping the sleeve stationary.
For any depth, the resistance of the cone, called cone penetration resistance qc, is
recorded using the force probes provided in the cone. Then the cone and the sleeve
resistance, indicated by qt, is recorded at any depth using tension load cells
embedded in the sleeve.
This procedure is repeated and the measurements are made at regular depths
intervals during penetration. The cone resistance values can then be correlated to
shear strength parameters using proposed empirical curves.
Some cones also have a pore water transducer, which records water pressure in the
soil. These readings can be used to determine ground water responses as the cone
pushes through the soil. A cone penetration test takes between 40 minutes and 5
hours.

Objective of carrying out static cone penetration test on the site

The results gotten from the in-situ test (static cone penetration test) is used to
determine the following among others;
 The physical, index and other engineering properties of the subsoil strata
types indicated and encountered across the site.
 The regime of the groundwater level and the effect of the foundation design
and constructions.
 The most appropriate and economic type of foundation that could be adopted
for the proposed structures.
 The appropriate founding depth the recommended foundations should be
placed.
 The allowable soil bearing pressure and, or pile safe working load that could
be adopted for the design of the recommended foundation.
 General precautions to be adopted during foundation design and
constructions.
CHAPTER 4
USING PRESENT ENVIRONMENT (VICTORIA ISLAND) AND
CONDITIONS (PROPOSED COPTIC HOSPITAL
DEVELOPMENT ALONG ABILA ROAD, ONIRU, VICTORIA
ISLAND, ETI-OSA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, LAGOS
STATE.)
Site description
The project site is located along the Lekki-Epe Expressway along Abila road
Oniru, Victoria Island, Eti-Osa LGA, Lagos state. The site is fenced with block
wall and iron gates.
It is an open piece of land, with concrete compound floor. The site was previously
used as a car park and presently being used by petty traders at the time of this
investigation.
The topography could be described as even with a slight elevation in relation to the
road level.

Proposed development
The site is proposed to be developed into a multi-storey building, with associated
facilities. Details of the facility were not available at the time if this investigation.
INTERNSHIP PROJECT
During the course of my internship, I have had to do my own research on the
various aspects of geology such as hydrogeology, sedimentology, structural
geology and engineering geology. I also had to research on some engineering
aspects such as soil mechanics and civil engineering and ground engineering.
My internship project was to assist in the subsoil investigation, collate the test
results and logs, and make deductions based on the results and also to evaluate the
suitability of foundation materials for adequate foundation design for the proposed
development at the site.
OUTLINE OF PROJECT
 Geological of the project site
 Carrying out the cone penetration test (CPT)/ Drilling of boreholes.
 Determine the groundwater conditions
 Determine the subsoil conditions
 Collate values gotten from test and computing the logs (borehole logs).
 Determine the best suitable foundation design for the proposed structure
based on the CPT test.
 Determine the termination depth of the foundation.
 Drainage requirements.
GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF PROPOSED SITE
Geologically, the project site lies within the coastal plain sand and quaternary
deposits of south western Nigeria, characterized with sand, silt, peat, clay and their
mixtures.
The results of the site investigation conform to these geocological formations.

CARRYING OUT THE CONE PENETRATION TEST/DRILLING

OF BOREHOLES.
Site works
i. I participated in the drilling of seven (7) boreholes using the power
operated light cable percussion drilling rig with shell and auger tools to a
termination depth of 40.0metre each below the existing ground level.
During the drilling operations, in-situ standard penetration test and soil
sampling consisting of disturbed and undisturbed samples within the
subsoil layers were taken at appropriate depth interval of between 0.75m
and 1.50metres and as depths change in subsoil strata types encountered
within the boreholes.
I collated the details of the subsoil strata types encountered in the
boreholes and the result of the in-situ penetration tests are presented in
borehole logs within this report.
ii. I assisted in the execution of Ten (10) static cone penetration tests (CPT)
using 10.0tonne capacity motorized Dutch cone penetrometer machine.
 The tests were terminated at depths between 1.20m and 2.60m when the
penetration became difficult and observed buckling effect on the penetrometer
rods.

A cone penetration testing machine

SITE WORKS METHODOLOGY
Borehole drilling
The boreholes were drilled using a standard shell and auger percussion drilling
machine. This type of rig is used to put down boreholes through sandy and clayey
or mixture of subsoil. The borehole was lined with either 250mm or 150mm
diameter steel drilling casings. The combination of the diameter of casings used
depend on the depths and type of strata encountered.
The borehole casings were turned down using a chain rips but in occasional cases
may be driven down using a special hammer by raising and lowering via the
powered winch and shear legs.
During the drilling operations, disturbed soil samples were regularly taken at depth
interval of 0.75metre and whenever a change of soil was observed. In cohesive soil
strata, apart from the usual disturbed samples, undisturbed soil samples were taken
using the conventional open tube.
Cone penetration tests (CPT)
The cone penetration tests were executed using the 10tonne Dutch cone
penetrometer machine. The machine consists of series of rod, solid and hollow, at
the end which is attached a Begemann mantle cone.
The 10tonnes capacity Dutch cone penetrometer machine used fir this work consist
of thrust machine comprising of a hydraulic jack unit of nominal 100KN. The unit
is furnished with a mechanical cone having base area of 1000millimeters square
and an apex angle of 60 degrees.
The penetrometer machine consists of a steel frame carrying a driving head, which
houses a hydraulic capsule. The driving head is raised or lowered by a manually
operated from friction with the soil by an outer tube, which added in similar
lengths during penetration.
GROUNDWATER CONDITION.
The cone penetration test does not accurately determine equilibrium groundwater
level, but during the testing operations, I examined the penetration rods for wetness
and observed that groundwater seepage was not indicated.
However during the borehole drilling operations, groundwater was encountered at
depths between 2.70m and 2.90m below the existing ground level.
SUBSOIL CONDITIONS
The subsoil types interpreted from the indication of the penetration tests and as
exposed during the drilling of the boreholes are generally consistent with slight
variation in engineering properties across the site.
The subsoil stratigraphy that characterized the entire site investigated is
summarized in the table below;
Table1 – Summary of subsoil condition
Insert image (table)
Borehole logs and CPT graphs images
SUGGESTED SUITABLE FOUNDATION FOR THE PROPOSED
STRUCTURE.
Based on the condition of the subsoil strata encountered, the result of the in-situ
penetration tests, as well as the effect of anticipated groundwater conditions, it is
considered that deep foundation would be most technically appropriate foundation
for the proposed structure.
Consequently, any of the following type of piles could be adopted at the site.
i. Bored and cast in-situ concrete piles.
ii. Bored piles, the continuous flight auger (CFA) type.
The use of driven piles on this site will be constrained by hard driving and
vibrations with noise on the adjacent structures and infrastructures, of which may
have detrimental effect on them.
Based on these, I strongly recommend that bored piles should be adopted.
Pile Termination Depth
The pile termination depths will depend on the anticipated safe working loads,
based on the subsoil conditions, the most economical type of piles could terminate
in the medium dense silty sand layer generally encountered below 13.00metre
depth.
I recommend that the piles terminate at a depth of 15.00metre below the existing
ground level.

Drainage requirements
The topography of the site investigated could be described as even across the site
with higher elevation relative to the existing road level.
However, the provision of adequate drains within the property should be given
high consideration. This should take care of surface rum off during heavy
downpour and waste water from domestic activities. Adequate consideration
should be given to modalities for disposing run-off and other waste water without
affecting the geotechnical properties of ground condition.
CONCLUSION
My experience in this six (6) months student industrial work experience scheme
(SIWES) has been both educative and interactive. It has been satisfying putting my
brain to work complete tasks. I was able to see and engage in the practical
experience of the knowledge acquired within the four (4) walls of the university
about subsoil investigation/geophysical investigation, and this training has shown
the importance of combining learning with training for effectiveness.
I learnt during my training that before construction of any sort can take place or
erected on soil, a soil test must be carried out to determine the soil type, properties
and bearing capacity. These properties includes; permeability, porosity, density etc.
During the course of my training I have also learnt about one of the most important
type of soil test and widely accepted which is the cone penetration test and how to
suggest the best suitable foundation design based on the soil test results. I also
learnt about soil improvements using pies (bored and sheets) driven or cast into the
soil to compact the soil and increase the soil density.
This Experience has been an eye opener into what it takes to be successful and it’s
not just about attending school, it’s about actually participating in school because I
realized during the course of my internship that I ended up having to research
topics, terms or process I might have remembered if I had just listened more in the
classroom or read the textbooks for the extra knowledge and not just to pass a
course.
Every course taught in school is relevant because you do not know when
knowledge from the course would be needed to get you a job, promotion or save
your employer or client money or enhance your understanding of another course.
In the spirit of no knowledge is wasted I spent one month working with the
company’s piling crew so I could closely learn the process that goes into piling of
deep of foundation, and see firsthand what kind of problems the piling crew would
encounter and research to fully understand what could have been done at the
preliminary stage by the geologist to avoid such pitfalls in the future.
RECOMMENDATION
My recommendations shall be directed to the stakeholders that are involved in
Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) organization and operation:
Federal government and Institutions: Federal government should make SIWES
compulsory for all student of higher institution of learning irrespective of their
discipline and not sectionalize SIWES participation so as to prepare and expose
students to the world of work or challenges that will be faced after graduation.

REFERENCE