Anatomy Sacrococygeal kyphosis

-is the study of the parts of the body

In relation to their function and dysfunction Front curvature - lordosis 
Back curvature - kyphosis 
Gross Anatomy
-study of body structures that can be studied Trunk 
Without microscope Upper portion - Thoracic Region
Middle: Sternal
Systemic anatomy Sides: Pectoral region
-approach to study anatomy by studying  Lower portion - abdominal region
Specific body systems Central: umbilical region

Regional Anatomy Pelvic region

-this approach is used to study anatomy by Inguinal region - is the region that connects
Regions of the body  The LE to the pelvic region
Pubic (genitals)
Surface Anatomy Perineal (between the anus and genital)
-this approach uses surface landmarks in
understanding the  Appendicular region
Internal body structures
Upper extremity
Anatomic Position  Axillary region - the attachment of the UE to 
-standard portion for studying anatomy The axial skeleton
-head is in midline Shoulder region (acromial region)
-the eyes are pointed forward Arm region (brachial region)
-the palms are turned up  Elbow region 
-the feet are pointed forward Front: antecubital
Back: olecranal
Positional terms Forearm region (antebrachial region)
Supine - the individual is lying Wrist (carpal)
On its back Hand region (manus)
Prone - the individual is lying face down Carpometacarpal
Metacarpal
Regional Terminologies Digits (fingers)
Thumb (pollex)
Axial Region Palmar 
-it includes the structures that can be found Dorsal 
On the midline
Lower limb
Head region (cephalic) Hip region (coxal)
Frontal (forehead), orbital (eyes) Thighs (femoral)
Otic (ear) nasal (nose and nasal cavity) Knee region
Oral (mouth and oral cavity) mental (chin) Front: Patellar region
Occipital (nape) Back: Popliteal region
Leg region
Vertebral region Front: crural
Cervical region (neck) lordosis Back: sural (calf)
Thoracic Region kyphosis Ankle region - is the region that connects
Lumbar Region lordosis The lower leg and foot
Foot (pedal)
Ankle (tarsal) Terms relating to movement
Heel (calcaneal)
Digital (toes) Flexion
Big toe (hallux) Extension
Sole of the foot (plantar)
Dorsal  Abduction
Adduction
Directional terms
Internal
Layered structures External rotation
Superficial - it pertains to the surface, or
Near the surface Body cavities
Intermediate - middle structure
Deep - below or far from the surface Cranial cavity
-space enclosed by the cranial bones of
Superior - structures at the top The skull
Inferior - structures below -houses the brain
Medial - close to the midline -is lined with soft tissue known as meninges
Lateral - away from the midline
Anterior - structures in front Vertebral cavity
Posterior - structures at the back -it is enclosed within the vertebral column
Proximal - near attachment site -encloses the spinal cord
Distal  - far from the attachment site -is also lined by meninges

Ipsilateral Thoracic Cavity

Contralateral -superiorly : first rib
-inferiorly : dome of the diaphragm
Planes and Sections of the Body -lateral borders: ribs and muscles of the thorax
-anterior : sternum
Sagittal plane - divides the body into left and right -posterior border: vertebral column
portions -divided into four portions

Midsagittal section - the view produced Pericardial cavity

When dividing the body into left and right halves -it houses the heart
-it is found between the lungs within the 
Coronal plane (frontal) Thoracic cavity
-divides the body into front and back portions -is lined by a serous membrane known
As pericardium
Frontal or coronal section - view produced when
the (2) pleural cavity
Body is divided into front and back halves -houses the lungs
-they are found lateral to the heart and
Transverse plane - divides the body into Mediastinum
Upper and lower portions -is lined by a serous membrane known as
The pleura
Transverse section - it is the view
Produces when the body is divided into Mediastinum
Top and bottom halves -central portion of the thoracic cavity
-encloses midline structures such as trachea,
Oesophagus, thyroid glands, thymus gland

Abdominopelvic cavity
-cavity that lies under the diaphragm
-lined by a serous membrane known as
Peritoneum

Abdominal cavity (superior portion)

-encloses the most of the organs of the 
Digestive system (stomach, liver, pancreas,
Small intestine, and some large intestine

Pelvic cavity (inferior portion)

-encloses organs of the reproductive and urinary
system
Except KIDNEYS
-encloses portion of the large intestine,
Ureter, urethra, reproductive organs

*KIDNEYS ARE RETROPERITONEAL

Serous membrane
-double-layered, fluid filled membranes
 Parts of the serous membrane
Outer parietal layer
Cavity with fluid content
Inner visceral layer