3 Phase Per Unit Equations

Calculating Per Unit Base Values

Base Current MVAbase

Ibase 
3  kVbase

Base Power MVAbase  3  kVbase kAbase

Base kVbase kVbase2

Impedance Z base  Z base 
3  kAbase MVAbase

Base 3  kAbase Ybase 

MVAbase
Admittance Ybase  kVbase2
kVbase

1
Ybase 
Zbase
All voltages are in kV, currents are in kA, power is in MVA and impedances are in ohms.

August 2013 Page 1

Per Unit Equations and Conversions

3 Phase Per Unit Equations

Convert Data to Per Unit Values

kV
Per Unit
Voltage
Vpu 
kVbase

Per Unit MW MVAr

Power Ppu  Qpu 
MVAbase MVAbase

Per Unit Zohm

Impedance Zpu 
Zbase

Per Unit Ys
Admittance Ypu   Ys  Zbase
Ybase

Per Unit 2 f C
Susceptance B pu 
Ybase

All voltages are in kV, currents are in kA, power is in MVA and impedances are in ohms.

November 2013 Page 2

Per Unit Equations and Conversions

DC and Single Phase Per Unit Equations

Calculating Per Unit Base Values

Base Current MVAbase

Ibase 
Vbase

Base Power MVAbase  kVbase kAbase

Base kVbase kVbase2

Impedance Z base  Z base 
kAbase MVAbase

Base kAbase MVAbase

Admittance Ybase  Ybase 
kVbase kVbase2

1
Ybase 
Zbase
All voltages are in kV, currents are in kA, power is in MVA and impedances are in ohms.

November 2013 Page 3

Per Unit Equations and Conversions

DC and Single Phase Per Unit Equations

Convert Data to Per Unit Values

kV
Per Unit
Voltage
Vpu 
kVbase

Per Unit MW MVAr

Power Ppu  Qpu 
MVAbase MVAbase

Per Unit Zohm

Impedance Zpu 
Zbase

Per Unit Ys
Admittance Ypu   Ys  Zbase
Ybase

Per Unit 2 f C
Susceptance B pu 
Ybase
All voltages are in kV, currents are in kA, power is in MVA and impedances are in ohms.

November 2013 Page 4

Per Unit Equations and Conversions

Converting Between Base Powers

Convert from an old MVA base to a new MVA base

MVAbase_ new
MVApu _ new  MVApu _ old 
MVAbase_ old
Convert Impedances from an old base to a new base

2
MVAbasenew  Vbaseold 
Zpunew  Zpuold   
MVAbaseold  Vbasenew 
Convert Tap Positions from off-load or open circuit voltages to nominal voltages

  Tapold %  
 Vtx _ HV  Vsys _ LV  1  
Tapnew %    100  
100%
 Vtx _ LV  Vsys _ HV 
 
 
where:
Vtx_HV = Transformer off-load HV voltage
Vtx_LV = Transformer off-load LV voltage
Vsys_HV = Nominal HV busbar voltage
Vsys_LV = Nominal LV busbar voltage

All voltages are in kV, currents are in kA, power is in MVA and impedances are in ohms.

November 2013 Page 5