En8491 Water Supply Engineering MCQ

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b) Gravimetric test
c) Chromatography
EN8491 WATER d) Jackson’s turbidity meter
SUPPLY Answer: b
Explanation: Turbidity rod and Jackson’s
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ENGINEERING turbidity meter is used to find turbidity
whereas chromatography is used to detect
odour. Hence b is the correct answer.
CIVIL - FIFTH 3. The maximum permissible limit for
SEMESTER suspended solids is ____________
a) 10 mg/l
.c
b) 20 mg/l
c) 30 mg/l
REG. 2017 d) 40 mg/l
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Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum permissible
pa limit for suspended solids is 30mg/l for
testing waste water which is set by the
UNIT I SOURCES OF Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
WATER
4. Identify the correct relation between the
following?
TOPIC 1.1 PUBLIC WATER
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a) Dissolved solid = Total solid + Suspended
SUPPLY SYSTEM - PLANNING, solid
OBJECTIVES, DESIGN PERIOD, b) Dissolved solid = Total solid – Suspended
POPULATION FORECASTING; solid
c) Total solid = Dissolved solid / Suspended
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solid
1. The size of suspended solids lies in the d) Dissolved solid = Suspended solid – Total
range of ________ solid
a) 10-3 – 10-6 mm
b) 103 – 106 mm Answer: b
Explanation: Dissolved solid is the
c) 10-1 – 10-3 mm
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difference between total solid and suspended

d) 101 – 103 mm solid. Suspended solid is non-filterable solid
whereas dissolved solid is filterable solid.
Answer: c
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Explanation: Size of suspended solids – 10-1 5. Which method is used to measure the color
– 10-3 mm, size of colloidal solids – 10-3 – of water?
10-6 mm, size of dissolved solids < 10-6 mm. a) Gravimetric analysis
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b) Chromatography
2. Suspended solids are measured by which of c) Tintometer method
the following? d) Hydrometer analysis
a) Turbidity rod
Downloaded updated materials from Rejinpaul Network App

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Answer: c a) 1mg of fine silica dissolved in 1L of

Explanation: The colors in water are distilled water
measured by Tintometer method. It is b) 1g of fine silica dissolved in 1L of distilled
measured on Burgess scale or cobalt scale by water
Nessler’s tube. c) 1g of fine silica dissolved in 1ml of
distilled water
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6. 1 TCU (True Color Unit) is equivalent to d) 1mg of fine silica dissolved in 1ml of
_____ distilled water
a) The color produced by 1 g of platinum
cobalt Answer: a
b) The color produced by 1 mg of platinum Explanation: 1 JTU is equivalent to turbidity
cobalt produced by 1mg of fine silica dissolved in
c) The color produced by 1 mg of platinum 1L of distilled water. It is called as Jackson’s
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cobalt in 1L of distilled water turbidity unit and is based on the absorption
d) The color produced by 1 mg of platinum principle.
cobalt in 1mL of distilled water
10. If the PO value is 6, what does it imply?
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Answer: c a) No perceptible odour
Explanation: 1 TCU (True Color Unit) is b) Very faint odour
equivalent to color produced by 1 mg of
pa c) Very distinct odour
platinum cobalt in 1L of distilled water. The d) Extremely strong odour
true color unit is also called a Hazen unit.
Answer: d
7. The range for threshold odour number is Explanation: The PO value indicates the
__________ odour intensity. 6 is the maximum PO value
a) 0-3 and it indicates extremely strong odour.
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b) 1-5
c) 1-3 11. The range of temperature of water that is
d) 0-5 required to do the temperature test is
__________
Answer: c a) 10-250C
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Explanation: The maximum value of

b) 0-250C
Threshold odour number is 3 and its range is
1-3. The threshold odour number is used to c) 10-300C
measure the intensity of taste and odour. d) 20-300C
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8. Threshold odour number testing is Answer: a

preferred in hot water. Explanation: To do the temperature test of
a) True water, its temperature should be between
b) False 100C and 250C and the temperature higher
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than 250C is considered objectionable.

Answer: b
Explanation: TON testing is preferred in cold 12. Which of the following statement is
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water as in hot water due to increase in wrong regarding turbidity?

temperature, taste and odour can change. a) It is an extent to which light is absorbed by
particles in the water
9. One JTU is equivalent to turbidity
b) It is expressed in ppm
produced by __________
c) It depends on the fineness of particle

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present in the water 1. The average quantity of water (in lpcd)

d) Turbidity rod is a laboratory method to required for domestic purposes according to
measure turbidity IS code is ________
a) 100
Answer: d b) 120
Explanation: Turbidity rod is a field method c) 70
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not a laboratory method to measure turbidity. d) 135
13. The permissible limit of turbidity of Answer: d

domestic water is ____ ppm. Explanation: The average domestic water
a) 5-10 demand in India is 135 litres per capita per
b) 1-5 day. For developed countries, average
c) 10-50 domestic water demand is around 340 lpcd
.c
d) 10-30 because they live a luxurious life.
Answer: a 2. The average consumption of water required
Explanation: According to WHO, the in factories in lpcd is ___________
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permissible limit for drinking water is 5NTU. a) 10-15
b) 20-30
14. What is the full form of NTU in context c) 30-45
with turbidity?
a) Number of transfer unit
b) Neurological turbidity unit
pa d) 70-80
Answer: c
c) Nephelometric turbidity unit Explanation: The average water consumption
d) Network terminal unit in factories is 30lpcd when no bathrooms are
required and 45lpcd when bathrooms are
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Answer: c required.
Explanation: The value of turbidity
measured by nephelometer is expressed in 3. In which type of water demand, minimum
terms of NTU. Sometimes, it is referred as average consumption of water takes place?
FTU or Formazin turbidity unit. a) Domestic water demand
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b) Industrial water demand

15. When depth of insertion of turbidity rod c) Institutional and commercial water demand
increases, the reading in the turbidity rod ___ d) Fire demand
a) Decreases
b) Increases Answer: d
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c) First decrease, then increase Explanation: The minimum average water

d) Remains constant consumption takes place in fire demand. It
accounts to 1lpcd which is very less but this
Answer: a water is required in very less duration.
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Explanation: Turbidity rod is inserted inside

the water and the reading at which needle 4. What is the minimum water pressure
becomes invisible gives the turbidity. available at fire hydrants?
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a) 80-100kN/m²
TOPIC 1.2 WATER DEMAND - b) 100-150kN/m²
c) 40-60kN/m²
SOURCES OF WATER AND d) 150-200kN/m²
THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

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Answer: b 7. Water lost in theft and waste contributes to

Explanation: The minimum water pressure how much % of total consumption?
available at fire hydrants is 100-150kN/m2 i.e a) 5
10-15m of water head and it should be b) 10
maintained for 4 to 5 hours. c) 15
d) 20
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5. Match list 1(calculation of fire demand)
with list 2 (formulae) and select the correct Answer: c
answer using the codes given below. Explanation: Water loss in thefts and wastes
contributes to 15% of total consumption,
List 1 List 2 which includes the water loss due to leakage
or stolen due to illegal connection.
A. Kuchling’s
1) Q = 3182√P
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Formula 8. Which is the correct statement regarding
B. Freeman’s per capita demand?
2) Q = 1136[P/5 +10]
Formula a) Daily water required by an individual
C. Buston’s Formula 3) Q = 5663√P b) Water required for various purposes by a
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D. Central Congested 4) Q = person
High Value City 4637√P[1-.01√P] c) Water required by an individual in a year
pa d) Annual average amount of daily water
where Q = quantity of water, P = population required by one person
in thousands
Answer: d
CODE
Explanation: The per capita demand is the
A B C D
annual average amount of daily water
a) 1 2 3 4
required by one person. It is denoted by q in
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b) 2 3 4 1
litres per day per person.
c) 2 1 4 3
d) 1 2 4 3 9. What are the factors affecting per capita
demand?
Answer: a
a) Size of city
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Explanation: Kuchling’s formula is used

b) Size of city, habit of people
when the population of the city exceeds
c) Cost of water, quality of water, size of city
50,000.
d) Cost of water, quality of water, size of city,
When the population of the city is less than 2
habit of people
lakh, the above formula for central congested
high value city is used.
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Answer: d
Explanation: Increase in cost of water,
6. What is the fire demand of the city of 1lakh
quality of water and size of the city will result
population by Buston’s formula?
in more consumption of water. Poor habits of
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a) 5663
people in the utilization of water will also
b) 56630
cause greater consumption.
c) 566300
d) 5663000
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10. Which of the following statement is

correct?
Answer: b
a) Rich class consumes less water
Explanation: By Buston’s formula, Q =
b) Intermittent water supplies leads to less
5663√P where P in thousands. Here, P =100,
water consumption
Q = 5663√100 => Q = 56630.

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c) Loss of water is more if the pressure in the c) 20 years

distribution system is less d) 30 years
d) Water consumption is less in flush system
Answer: b
Answer: b Explanation: Water treatment unit is
Explanation: Rich class consumes more designed for 15 years and its design discharge
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water, loss of water is more if the pressure in is maximum daily demand.
distribution system is more, water
consumption is more in flush system and b 14. What is the design discharge for intake
option is the only correct statement. structures?
a) Maximum daily demand
11. If the annual average hourly demand of b) Maximum hourly demand
the city is 10000m3, what is the maximum c) Maximum weekly demand
.c
hourly consumption? d) Average daily demand
a) 2700 m3
Answer: a
b) 27000 m3
Explanation: Intake structures and the pipe
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c) 270000 m3 mains that carry water from intake structures
d) 2700000 m3 to treatment plant are designed for maximum
daily demand.
Answer: a
* annual average hourly demand

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Explanation: Maximum hourly demand = 2.7 15. In which of the following units, design
period is maximized?
= 2.7 * 10000 a) Distribution system
= 27000m3. b) Demand reservoir
c) Water treatment unit
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12. If in a city, the maximum daily draft is d) Pipe mains
25MLD, fire draft is 35MLD and maximum
hourly draft is 40MLD, what is the coincident Answer: b
draft? Explanation: Distribution system is designed
a) 60MLD for 30 years, the demand reservoir for 50
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b) 40MLD years, the water treatment unit for 15 years

c) 25MLD and the pipe mains for 30 years.
d) 35MLD A B C D
1 2 3 4
Answer: a 2 3 4 1
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Explanation: Maximum daily draft +fire 2 1 4 3

draft = 25 + 35 = 60MLD 1 2 4 3
Maximum hourly draft = 40MLD
Coincident draft is maximum of maximum
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TOPIC 1.3 SURFACE AND

draft draft + fire draft and maximum hourly
draft =60MLD. GROUNDWATER -
IMPOUNDING RESERVOIR
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13. What is the design period for the water

treatment unit? 1. A dam reservoir which is not provided with
a) 10 years gate controls on its spillway and other sluices
b) 15 years is called ________________
a) detention dam

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b) storage reservoir purposes together is a multipurpose reservoir.

c) retarding basin A small storage reservoir constructed within a
d) flood control reservoir city water supply system is called distribution
reservoir
Answer: c
Explanation: Storage reservoir is the one 4. Which reservoir is also known as
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having gates and valves installed at its Mitigation reservoir?
spillway and at its sluice outlets. The a) Conservation reservoir
retarding basin is the one with uncontrolled b) Flood control reservoir
and ungated outlets. The cost of gate c) Multipurpose dam
installation is saved and there are no gates d) Storage reservoir
hence, the possibility of human error and
negligence in their operation is eliminated. Answer: b
.c
Explanation: A flood control reservoir
2. A hydel power project has been envisaged protects the downstream areas by storing a
to serve the water supply and irrigation needs portion of the flood flows to minimize the
of the area at its inception stage. The dam flood peaks. The entire inflow entering the
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reservoir so constructed is known as reservoir is discharged or gradually released
__________________ to recover the capacity for the next flood. It is
a) multipurpose reservoir pa also called as a mitigation reservoir.
b) single-purpose reservoir
c) distribution reservoir 5. A reservoir having gates and valves
d) retarding reservoir installation at its spillway and at its sluice
outlets ___________
Answer: a a) storage reservoir
Explanation: A reservoir planned and b) retarding basin
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constructed to serve various purposes c) both storage and retarding reservoir
together is a multipurpose reservoir. It is d) distribution reservoir
designed to protect the downstream areas
from floods, to conserve water, irrigation, Answer: a
industrial needs, hydroelectric purposes, etc. Explanation: Storage reservoir is the one
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Bhakra dam and Nagarjuna Sagar dam are having gates and valves installed at its
important multipurpose dams. spillway and at its sluice outlets whereas
retarding basin is the one with uncontrolled
3. A dam reservoir catering to flood control, and ungated outlets. It provides more
irrigation, and water supply basically flexibility in operation and better control.
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designed for irrigation alone is a

_______________- 6. Which reservoir is helpful in permitting the
a) multipurpose reservoir pumps or the water treatment plants to work
b) single-purpose reservoir at a uniform rate?
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c) distribution reservoir a) Storage reservoir

d) retarding basins b) Detention reservoir
c) Multipurpose reservoir
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Answer: b d) Distribution reservoir

Explanation: A reservoir planned, designed
and constructed for one purpose is called a Answer: d
single purpose reservoir whereas a reservoir Explanation: A small storage reservoir
planned and constructed to serve various constructed within a city water supply system

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is called a distribution reservoir. It stores until the flood has subsided. The inflow
water during hours of no demand or less becomes equal or less than the outflow. The
demand and supply water from their storage water gets completely withdrawn until the
during the critical time of maximum demand. stored water is completely discharged.
7. In which of the following reservoir the 10. The maximum discharging capacity of a
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flood crest downstream can be better retarding reservoir should not be equal to the
controlled and regulated properly? maximum safe carrying capacity of the
a) Distribution reservoir channel downstream.
b) Multipurpose reservoir a) True
c) Storage reservoir b) False
d) Retarding reservoir
Answer: b
.c
Answer: c Explanation: Since the retarding reservoir is
Explanation: Storage reservoirs are preferred not always filled much of the land below the
on large rivers and require better control. It is maximum reservoir level will be submerged
provided with gated spillway and sluiceways only temporarily and occasionally. The
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for more flexibility of operation, better automatic regulation of outflow depends upon
control and to increase the usefulness of the the availability of water. The maximum
reservoir. pa discharging capacity should be equal to the
maximum safe capacity of the channel d/s.
8. What are the types of flood control
reservoirs?
a) Multipurpose reservoir and Single purpose TOPIC 1.4 DEVELOPMENT AND
reservoir SELECTION OF SOURCE -
b) Storage reservoir and retarding reservoirs SOURCE WATER QUALITY
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c) Distribution reservoir and Storage reservoir
d) Distribution reservoir and multipurpose 1. Which of the following can be identified as
reservoir the objective of water supply scheme?
a) Chlorination of water
Answer: b
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b) Treat water
Explanation: There are two basic types of
c) Safe water supply
flood-mitigation reservoirs i.e. storage
d) Ionization of water
reservoir and retarding reservoirs. Storage
reservoir is the one having gates and valves Answer: c
installed at its spillway and at its sluice Explanation: In general, the objective of
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outlets whereas the retarding basin is the one water supply scheme includes safe water
with uncontrolled and ungated outlets. supply, sufficient quantity of water, supply of
water to a convenient point with reasonable
9. As the reservoir elevation increases, the
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cost and encouraging personal and house hold

outflow discharge increases.
cleanliness of the users.
a) True
b) False 2. Which of the following indicates the
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component of a water supply scheme?

Answer: a
a) Impure water
Explanation: When floods occur the
b) Chlorination of water
reservoir gets filled and discharges through
c) Sub surface water
sluiceways and the water level goes on rising
d) Intake of the water

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Answer: d having certain design periods based on the

Explanation: The protected water supply population present in that particular area. A
scheme consists of four components. Those storage reservoir is generally having a design
include the source of water from where it is period of 50 years.
being produced, intake of the water, treatment
of the water and finally the distribution of the 6. Which of the following can be designated
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treated water. as an intake structure?
a) Culvert
3. Surface water can act as a source of water b) River
in water supply scheme. c) Dam
a) True d) Reservoir
b) False
Answer: d
.c
Answer: a Explanation: Intakes are the structures which
Explanation: The source of water is can collect water from the surface sources
classified as surface water and sub surface and are used for the treatment plant.
water. Generally in the water supply scheme Reservoir intake, Lake Intake and canal
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surface water is having more priority than the intakes are some of the examples of an intake
sub surface water. The different sources of structure.
surface water include river, streams, lakes,
7. Which type of water is generally used in
canals etc.
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4. While considering the design period, which
the treatment of water?
a) Chlorinated water
must be given more priority? b) Treated water
a) Area of land c) Raw water
b) Population d) Sulphated water
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c) Usage of water
d) Arrangement of pipes Answer: c
Explanation: Water treatment plant generally
Answer: b uses raw water which is obtained from
Explanation: Design period is considered different sources containing various
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based on the population present in a particular impurities. It is not recommended to be used

area. While considering design period, directly without treatment and hence it is
population forecast methods has to be used supplied to the treatment plant for treatment.
for the determination of the upcoming
population in that area. By doing this the 8. Which of the following does not act as a
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design period can be estimated for a major factor that effects per capita demand?
particular water tank construction. a) Human activity
b) Industrial activities
5. The design period of storage reservoir can c) Usage of water
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be given as _________ d) Placement of pipe

a) 50 yr
b) 20 yr Answer: b
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c) 30 yr Explanation: The factors effecting per capita

d) 10 yr demand include cost of water, climatic
condition, pressure in the distributed system,
Answer: a industrial activities, commercial activities and
Explanation: Every water storage structure is economical status of the consumers.

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9. The amount of water required for 1 percent Answer: a

per day is determined as ___________ Explanation: Under the CWA, EPA has
a) Daily demand implemented pollution control programs,
b) Monthly demand such as setting wastewater standards for
c) Annual demand industry and water quality standards for all
d) Per capita demand contaminants in surface waters.
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Answer: d 2. Section __________ of CWA regulates
Explanation: Per capita demand can be discharges of hazardous substances.
defined as the amount of water required for 1 a) 311(b)(2)(B)
percent per day. It includes commercial, b) 311(b)(2)(A)
industrial, domestic, public uses and also in c) 312(b)(2)(A)
case of fire demand. d) 311(b)(1)(A)
.c
10. Which of the following can act as a type Answer: b
of variation in water demand? Explanation: Section 311(b)(2)(A) of CWA
a) Monthly variation regulates discharges of hazardous substances,
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b) Annual variation which also includes formaldehyde. The list of
c) Crop variation designated hazardous substances is found at
d) 10 year variation pa 40 CFR 116.4.
Answer: a 3. The CWA made it unlawful to discharge

Explanation: Variation in water demand is any pollutant from a point source into
generally due to seasonal variation, monthly navigable waters, unless a permit was
variation, daily and hourly variations. The obtained.
demand for water in these variations is a) True
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generally high and consumes more amount of b) False
water than daily consumption.
Answer: a
Explanation: EPA’s National Pollutant
TOPIC 1.5 Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
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CHARACTERIZATION - permit program controls discharges.

SIGNIFICANCE - DRINKING Industrial, municipal, and other facilities must
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS. obtain permits if their discharges go directly
to surface waters.
1. The Clean Water Act (CWA) regulates
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4. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of

__________ 1948 was the first major U.S. law to address
a) Discharge of pollutants into the waters of water pollution.
the United States a) 1945
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b) Discharge of pollutants into the waters of b) 1946

the United Kingdom c) 1947
c) Discharge of pollutants into the air of the d) 1948
United States
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d) Discharge of pollutants into the waters of Answer: d

India Explanation: The Federal Water Pollution
Control Act of 1948 grew public awareness

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and concern for controlling water pollution b) TSML

led to sweeping amendments in 1972. c) TDSML
d) TDS
5. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of
1948 became CWA. Answer: a
a) False Explanation: The TMDL establishes a target
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b) True for total load of pollutant the water body can
assimilate and allocates the load to point
Answer: b sources which are known as the waste load
Explanation: The Federal Water Pollution allocation and nonpoint sources known as the
Control Act of 1948 was the first key U.S. load allocation.
law to address water pollution, it was
amended in 1972 and the law Clean Water 9. __________ requires EPA to establish
.c
Act (CWA). regulations to protect human health from
contaminants present in drinking water.
6. The CWA reduced the amount of pollution a) SAWD
from _________ b) SDWA
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a) Point sources c) ASAW
b) Non-point sources d) SWSA
c) Chemicals
d) Mining Answer: b
Answer: a
pa Explanation: The Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) permits EPA to develop national
Explanation: The Clean Water Act has been drinking water standards and safeguard
accredited with pointedly reducing the agreement with these standards, and guides
amount of pollution that enters the U.S. EPA to protect underground sources of
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waterways from point sources, municipal and drinking water through the regulation of
industrial discharges. underground injection of fluids to prevent
pollution.
7. The discharge of regulated chemicals into
surface waters is controlled by __________ 10. Who is responsible for the clean-up of oil
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a) SARA spill?
b) CERCLA a) HWS
c) NPDES b) APS
d) PDAC c) Oil Pollution Act
d) SARA
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Answer: c
Explanation: The discharge of regulated Answer: c
chemicals into surface waters is controlled by Explanation: The CWA and the Oil Pollution
the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Act provide federal authority to prevent,
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System (NPDES) which entails contaminators respond to and clean up an oil spill or the
to obtain federal permits for each chemical threat of an oil spill.
they discharge.
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11. Which section of CWA regulates land

8. The maximum amount of pollution that disposal of sludge?
each waterway could absorb is known as a) Section 402
_________ b) Section 403
a) TMDL

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c) Section 404 Management Program to manage nonpoint

d) Section 405 sources of pollution.
Answer: d 15. When did CWA come into existence?

Explanation: Section 405 of the CWA a) 1970
regulates the land application and the land b) 1971
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disposal of sludge – the solid, semisolid or c) 1972
liquid untreated residue generated during the d) 1973
treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment
facility. Answer: c
Explanation: CWA was enacted in 1948 and
12. Which CWA program controls water was called the Federal Water Pollution
pollution by regulating point sources? Control Act, but the Act was suggestively
.c
a) SPCC reorganized and expanded in 1972. Federal
b) PCC Water Pollution Control Act became the
c) NPDES Clean Water Act with amendments in 1972.
d) PDA
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Answer: c
Explanation: The NPDES program controls
water pollution by regulating point sources UNIT II CONVEYANCE
United States.
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that discharge pollutants into the waters of the
FROM THE SOURCE
13. Which section of CWA is responsible for TOPIC 2.1 WATER SUPPLY -
monitoring of wetlands?
INTAKE STRUCTURES -
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a) Section 402
b) Section 403 FUNCTIONS
c) Section 404
d) Section 405 1. Which of the following can be identified as
the objective of water supply scheme?
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Answer: c a) Chlorination of water

Explanation: Section 404 of the CWA b) Treat water
establishes a program to regulate the c) Safe water supply
discharge of dredged or fill material into d) Ionization of water
waters of the United States, including
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wetlands. Answer: c
Explanation: In general, the objective of
14. Which CWA program manages non-point water supply scheme includes safe water
source pollution? supply, sufficient quantity of water, supply of
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a) NPSMP water to a convenient point with reasonable

b) NSPPP cost and encouraging personal and house hold
c) NSGOP cleanliness of the users.
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d) NPSRA
2. Which of the following indicates the
Answer: a component of a water supply scheme?
Explanation: The CWA under Section 319 a) Impure water
established the Nonpoint Point Source (NPS) b) Chlorination of water

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c) Sub surface water Answer: a

d) Intake of the water Explanation: Every water storage structure is
having certain design periods based on the
Answer: d population present in that particular area. A
Explanation: The protected water supply storage reservoir is generally having a design
scheme consists of four components. Those period of 50 years.
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include the source of water from where it is
being produced, intake of the water, treatment 6. Which of the following can be designated
of the water and finally the distribution of the as an intake structure?
treated water. a) Culvert
b) River
3. Surface water can act as a source of water c) Dam
in water supply scheme. d) Reservoir
.c
a) True
b) False Answer: d
Explanation: Intakes are the structures which
Answer: a can collect water from the surface sources
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Explanation: The source of water is and are used for the treatment plant.
classified as surface water and sub surface Reservoir intake, Lake Intake and canal
water. Generally in the water supply scheme intakes are some of the examples of an intake
surface water is having more priority than the
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sub surface water. The different sources of
surface water include river, streams, lakes,
structure.
7. Which type of water is generally used in

canals etc. the treatment of water?
a) Chlorinated water
4. While considering the design period, which b) Treated water
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must be given more priority? c) Raw water
a) Area of land d) Sulphated water
b) Population
c) Usage of water Answer: c
d) Arrangement of pipes Explanation: Water treatment plant generally
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uses raw water which is obtained from

Answer: b different sources containing various
Explanation: Design period is considered impurities. It is not recommended to be used
based on the population present in a particular directly without treatment and hence it is
area. While considering design period, supplied to the treatment plant for treatment.
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population forecast methods has to be used

for the determination of the upcoming 8. Which of the following does not act as a
population in that area. By doing this the major factor that effects per capita demand?
design period can be estimated for a a) Human activity
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particular water tank construction. b) Industrial activities

c) Usage of water
5. The design period of storage reservoir can d) Placement of pipe
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be given as _________
a) 50 yr Answer: b
b) 20 yr Explanation: The factors effecting per capita
c) 30 yr demand include cost of water, climatic
d) 10 yr condition, pressure in the distributed system,

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industrial activities, commercial activities and media such as water, steam, cleaning
economical status of the consumers. solutions, coolant and compressed air.
9. The amount of water required for 1 percent 2. Which material is used for pipes which are
per day is determined as ___________ in contact with milk or product?
a) Daily demand a) Stainless steel
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b) Monthly demand b) Copper
c) Annual demand c) Ceramic
d) Per capita demand d) Plastic
Answer: d Answer: a
Explanation: Per capita demand can be Explanation: All components in contact with
defined as the amount of water required for 1 the product are made of stainless steel.
.c
percent per day. It includes commercial, Stainless steel is easy to clean and non
industrial, domestic, public uses and also in corrosive.
case of fire demand.
3. Which material is used for pipes which
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10. Which of the following can act as a type conduct water and air?
of variation in water demand? a) Stainless steel
a) Monthly variation b) Copper
b) Annual variation c) Ceramic
c) Crop variation
d) 10 year variation
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Answer: b
Answer: a Explanation: Plastic is used for water and air
Explanation: Variation in water demand is lines. Plastic also provides transparency.
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generally due to seasonal variation, monthly
variation, daily and hourly variations. The 4. Which material is used for pipes which
demand for water in these variations is conduct waste?
generally high and consumes more amount of a) Stainless steel
water than daily consumption. b) Copper
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c) Ceramic
d) Plastic
TOPIC 2.2 PIPES AND
CONDUITS FOR WATER - PIPE Answer: c
MATERIALS Explanation: Various materials are used in
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the other systems, e.g. cast iron, steel, copper

and aluminum. Plastic is used for water and
1. What is the aim of pipes system in the
air lines, and ceramic for drainage and
dairy industry?
sewage pipes.
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a) Facilitate product flow

b) Pasteurization 5. Which grade of stainless steel is known as
c) Fouling acid proof steel?
d) Storage
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a) AISI 304
b) AISI 316
Answer: a
c) SIS 2333
Explanation: The product flows between the
d) SIS 2359
components of the plant in the pipe system. A
dairy also has conduit systems for other

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Answer: b c) ii and iii

Explanation: For hygienic reasons, all d) i, ii, iii and iv
product-wetted parts of dairy equipment are
made of stainless steel. Two main grades are Answer: d
used, AISI 304 and AISI 316. The latter grade Explanation: Pressure drop is the difference
is often called acid proof steel. in the pressure of liquid entering the
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hydraulic system and pressure of liquid
6. Which of the following are installed in leaving the system. Long length of pipe,
order to collect product samples hygienically friction, fluid type and losses in valves and
for quality analysis? bends are all reasons behind pressure drop in
a) Bends hydraulic system.
b) Reducers
c) Sampling device 9. Calculate area of a pipe if, flow rate is 20
.c
d) Tees l/min and flow velocity is 5 cm/s.
a) 66.66 cm2
Answer: c
b) 60 cm2
Explanation: Sampling devices need to be
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installed at strategic points in the plant to c) 62 cm2
collect product samples for analysis. For d) 64 cm2
quality control, such as determining the fat
Answer: a
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content of milk and the pH value of cultured
products, the samples can be collected from a
sampling cock.
Explanation: Flow rate = 20 litre/min
= 200000 cm3/60s
= 333.33 cm3/s
7. Which among the following is not a Flow Rate = Velocity x Area
permanent wielding connection?
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333.33cm3/s = 5cm/s x Area
a) Bends
Area = 333.33cm3/s / 5 cm/s
b) Reducers
c) Sampling device = 66.66 cm2.
d) Tees
10. Which formula is used to calculate head
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Answer: c loss in valves?

Explanation: Some examples of fittings for a) K2 (v/2 g)
permanent welding are Tees, reducers and b) K (v/2 g)
bends. This union allows disconnection c) K (v2/2 g)
without disturbing other pipe work. This type
d) K3 (v2/2 g)
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of joint is hence used to connect process

equipment, instruments, etc. that need to be Answer: c
removed for cleaning, repair or replacement.
Explanation: K (v2/2 g) calculates head loss
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8. What are the reasons causing pressure drop for Newtonian fluid. When fluid flows inside
in hydraulic systems? a pipeline, friction occurs between the
i. Long length of pipe moving fluid and the stationary pipe wall.
The friction converts some of the fluid’s
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ii. Friction
iii. Type of fluid hydraulic energy into thermal energy. The
iv. Losses in valves and bends thermal energy cannot be converted back to
a) i and iv hydraulic energy, so the fluid experiences a
b) Only i

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drop in pressure. This conversion and loss of pressure is low, the spring holds the plug
energy is known as head loss. against the seat. When the pressure has
reached a certain value, the force on the plug
11. Which among the following is shut-off overcomes the spring force and the valve
and change over valve? opens.
a) Seat valve
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b) Butterfly valve 14. The pipes will expand considerably when
c) Seat valve and butterfly valve the product temperatures are high and during
d) Bend cleaning.
a) True
Answer: c b) False
Explanation: There are many places in a
piping system where it must be possible to Answer: a
.c
stop the flow or divert it to another line. Explanation: Pipes must be firmly supported.
These functions are performed by valves. On the other hand the pipes should not be so
Seat valves, manually or pneumatically restrained that movement is prevented. The
controlled, or butterfly valves, are used for pipes will expand considerably when the
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this purpose. product temperatures are high and during
cleaning. The resulting increase in length and
12. To prevent the product flow in the wrong tensional forces in bends and equipment must
direction which of the following valve is
used?
a) Seat valve
pa be absorbed.
15. Valves with constant outlet pressure are

b) Butterfly valve used after which of the following machines?
c) Seat valve and butterfly valve a) Separator
d) Check valve b) Pasteurizer
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c) Homogenizer
Answer: d d) Filling machine
Explanation: A check valve is fitted when it
is necessary to prevent the product from Answer: d
flowing in the wrong direction. The valve is Explanation: Valves for constant inlet
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kept open by the liquid flow in the correct pressure are often used after separators and
direction. If the flow stops, the valve plug is pasteurizers. Those for constant outlet
forced against its seat by the spring. The pressure are used before filling machines.
valve then closes against reversal of the flow.
TOPIC 2.3 HYDRAULICS OF
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13. Which of the following valves is used to

maintain pressure in the system? FLOW IN PIPES -
a) Pressure relief valve TRANSMISSION MAIN DESIGN
b) Check valve
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c) Manual control valve with variable flow 1. The liquid flowing through a series of
plug pipes can take up__________
d) Pneumatic control valve with variable-flow a) Pipes of different diameters
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plug b) Pipes of the same diameters only.

c) Single pipe only
Answer: a
d) Short pipes only
Explanation: A pressure relief valve
maintains the pressure in the system. If the

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Answer: a Answer: d
Explanation: When pipes of different Explanation: Liquid velocity in the pipe is
diameters are connected at its ends to form a the velocity with which the liquid travels
pipe, this pipe so developed is called as pipes through different cross sections of the pipe. It
in series. They might not have to be of the is a vector field which is used to describe the
same diameters. But, having the same motion of a continuum. The length of flow
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diameters are better as it avoids the losses so velocity vector is equal to the flow speed.
developed.
5. Which among the following is the correct
2. What is the total loss developed in a series formula for head loss?
of pipes? a) Z1-Z2
a) Sum of losses in each pipe only b) C
b) Sum of local losses only c) T2-T1
.c
c) Sum of local losses plus the losses in each
d) S2-S1
pipe
d) Zero
Answer: a
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Answer: c Explanation: Total head loss for a system is
Explanation: When the pipes of different equal to the height difference of the
diameters are connected in series from end to reservoirs. Height difference is denoted by
the letter ‘H’. Total head loss can be equated
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end to form a pipe line. The total loss so
developed is equal to the sum of local losses
plus the losses in each pipe. The local losses
by summing it up with all the local losses and
the losses at each pipe. Here, the height
are developed at the connection point. difference between the reservoirs is Z1-Z2.
3. The total head loss for the system is equal 6. If the two reservoirs are kept at the same
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to_________ level, the head loss is _______
a) Pipe length a) Z1-Z2
b) Pipe diameter b) Zero
c) Width of the reservoir c) T2-T1
d) Height difference of reservoirs
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d) S2-S1
Answer: d
Explanation: Total head loss for a system is Answer: b
equal to the height difference of the Explanation: Total head loss for a system is
reservoirs. Height difference is denoted by equal to the height difference of the
reservoirs. Height difference is denoted by
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the letter ‘H’. Total head loss can be equated

by summing it up with all the local losses and the letter ‘H’. The height difference between
the losses at each pipe. the reservoirs is Z1-Z2. Since they are of the
same level, Z1=Z2. Therefore, head loss is
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4. Which among the following is not a loss zero.

that is developed in the pipe?
a) Entry 7. How do we determine the total discharge
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b) Exit through parallel pipes?

c) Connection between two pipes a) Add them.
d) Liquid velocity b) Subtract them
c) Multiply them
d) Divide them

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Answer: a force and frictional force. Thus, it is equal to

Explanation: Total discharge in parallel pipes 16/Re.
are determined by adding the discharges so
developed in individual pipes. If Q1 is the
discharge through pipe 1 and Q2 is the
TOPIC 2.4 LAYING, JOINTING
discharge through pipe 2. Then the total
AND TESTING OF PIPES -
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discharge through parallel pipes is equal to APPURTENANCES
Q1+Q2.
1. What is the aim of pipes system in the
8. The pipe diameter is ________ dairy industry?
a) Directly proportional to fluid density a) Facilitate product flow
b) Directly proportional to mass flow rate b) Pasteurization
.c
c) Inversely proportional to mass flow rate c) Fouling
d) Directly proportional to fluid velocity d) Storage
Answer: b Answer: a
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Explanation: The pipe diameter is directly Explanation: The product flows between the
proportional to mass flow rate of fluid. Pipe components of the plant in the pipe system. A
diameter can be calculated if volumetric flow dairy also has conduit systems for other
rate and velocity are known. ‘D’ is inversely media such as water, steam, cleaning
proportional to its velocity.
pa solutions, coolant and compressed air.
9. Define Viscosity. 2. Which material is used for pipes which are

a) Resistance to flow of object in contact with milk or product?
b) Resistance to flow of air a) Stainless steel
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c) Resistance to flow of fluid b) Copper
d) Resistance to flow of heat c) Ceramic
d) Plastic
Answer: c
Explanation: Viscosity is developed due to Answer: a
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the relative motion between two surfaces of Explanation: All components in contact with
fluids at different velocities. It happens due to the product are made of stainless steel.
the shear stress developed on the surface of Stainless steel is easy to clean and non
the fluid. corrosive.
10. Coefficient of friction of a laminar flow 3. Which material is used for pipes which
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is_________ conduct water and air?

a) Re/16 a) Stainless steel
b) Re/64 b) Copper
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c) Ceramic
c) 16/Re
d) Plastic
d) 64/Re
Answer: b
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Answer: c Explanation: Plastic is used for water and air

Explanation: Coefficient of friction is lines. Plastic also provides transparency.
defined as the value that shows relationship
between force and the normal reaction. It is 4. Which material is used for pipes which
mainly used to find out an object’s normal conduct waste?

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a) Stainless steel c) Sampling device

b) Copper d) Tees
c) Ceramic
d) Plastic Answer: c
Explanation: Some examples of fittings for
Answer: c permanent welding are Tees, reducers and
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Explanation: Various materials are used in bends. This union allows disconnection
the other systems, e.g. cast iron, steel, copper without disturbing other pipe work. This type
and aluminum. Plastic is used for water and of joint is hence used to connect process
air lines, and ceramic for drainage and equipment, instruments, etc. that need to be
sewage pipes. removed for cleaning, repair or replacement.
5. Which grade of stainless steel is known as 8. What are the reasons causing pressure drop
.c
acid proof steel? in hydraulic systems?
a) AISI 304 i. Long length of pipe
b) AISI 316 ii. Friction
c) SIS 2333 iii. Type of fluid
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d) SIS 2359 iv. Losses in valves and bends
a) i and iv
Answer: b b) Only i
Explanation: For hygienic reasons, all
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product-wetted parts of dairy equipment are
made of stainless steel. Two main grades are
c) ii and iii
d) i, ii, iii and iv
used, AISI 304 and AISI 316. The latter grade Answer: d
is often called acid proof steel. Explanation: Pressure drop is the difference
in the pressure of liquid entering the
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6. Which of the following are installed in hydraulic system and pressure of liquid
order to collect product samples hygienically leaving the system. Long length of pipe,
for quality analysis? friction, fluid type and losses in valves and
a) Bends bends are all reasons behind pressure drop in
b) Reducers hydraulic system.
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c) Sampling device
d) Tees 9. Calculate area of a pipe if, flow rate is 20
l/min and flow velocity is 5 cm/s.
Answer: c a) 66.66 cm2
Explanation: Sampling devices need to be
b) 60 cm2
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installed at strategic points in the plant to

collect product samples for analysis. For c) 62 cm2
quality control, such as determining the fat d) 64 cm2
content of milk and the pH value of cultured
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products, the samples can be collected from a Answer: a

sampling cock. Explanation: Flow rate = 20 litre/min
= 200000 cm3/60s
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7. Which among the following is not a

= 333.33 cm3/s
permanent wielding connection?
Flow Rate = Velocity x Area
a) Bends
333.33cm3/s = 5cm/s x Area
b) Reducers

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Area = 333.33cm3/s / 5 cm/s Answer: d

= 66.66 cm2. Explanation: A check valve is fitted when it
is necessary to prevent the product from
10. Which formula is used to calculate head flowing in the wrong direction. The valve is
loss in valves? kept open by the liquid flow in the correct
direction. If the flow stops, the valve plug is
a) K2 (v/2 g)
om
forced against its seat by the spring. The
b) K (v/2 g) valve then closes against reversal of the flow.
c) K (v2/2 g)
d) K3 (v2/2 g) 13. Which of the following valves is used to
maintain pressure in the system?
Answer: c a) Pressure relief valve
Explanation: K (v2/2 g) calculates head loss b) Check valve
.c
for Newtonian fluid. When fluid flows inside c) Manual control valve with variable flow
a pipeline, friction occurs between the plug
moving fluid and the stationary pipe wall. d) Pneumatic control valve with variable-flow
plug
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The friction converts some of the fluid’s
hydraulic energy into thermal energy. The
thermal energy cannot be converted back to Answer: a
hydraulic energy, so the fluid experiences a
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drop in pressure. This conversion and loss of maintains the pressure in the system. If the
energy is known as head loss. pressure is low, the spring holds the plug
against the seat. When the pressure has
11. Which among the following is shut-off reached a certain value, the force on the plug
and change over valve? overcomes the spring force and the valve
opens.
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a) Seat valve
b) Butterfly valve
c) Seat valve and butterfly valve 14. The pipes will expand considerably when
d) Bend the product temperatures are high and during
cleaning.
a) True
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Answer: c
Explanation: There are many places in a b) False
piping system where it must be possible to
stop the flow or divert it to another line. Answer: a
These functions are performed by valves. Explanation: Pipes must be firmly supported.
Seat valves, manually or pneumatically On the other hand the pipes should not be so
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controlled, or butterfly valves, are used for restrained that movement is prevented. The
this purpose. pipes will expand considerably when the
product temperatures are high and during
cleaning. The resulting increase in length and
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12. To prevent the product flow in the wrong

direction which of the following valve is tensional forces in bends and equipment must
used? be absorbed.
a) Seat valve
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b) Butterfly valve 15. Valves with constant outlet pressure are

c) Seat valve and butterfly valve used after which of the following machines?
d) Check valve a) Separator
b) Pasteurizer

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c) Homogenizer 4. Which of the following pump is based on

d) Filling machine the type of power?
a) Low lift pump
Answer: d b) High lift pump
Explanation: Valves for constant inlet c) Air lift pump
pressure are often used after separators and d) Steam engine pump
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pasteurizers. Those for constant outlet
pressure are used before filling machines. Answer: d
Explanation: There are 3 types of pumps on
the basis of type of power. They are – steam
TOPIC 2.5 TYPES AND engine, diesel engine and electrically driven
CAPACITY OF PUMPS pump.
.c
1. Which of the following is the correct 5. A booster pump is based on
classification of pumps? _____________
a) Physical principle of operation a) Mechanical operation of principle
b) Mechanical principle of operation b) Type of power
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c) Chemical principle of operation c) Type of service
d) Biological principle of operation d) Efficiency
Answer: c
Answer: b
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Explanation: The pumps are classified on the
basis of the mechanical operation of the
Explanation: Booster pump is classified on
the basis of type of service. They are used for
principle, type of power and type of service. increasing gas pressure, transferring high
pressure gas, scavenging and charging gas
2. Displacement pump is classified on the cylinders.
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basis of _____________
a) Mechanical operation of principle 6. Consider the following statements.
b) Type of power i. Capacity of the pump
c) Type of service ii. Number of pump units
d) Efficiency iii. Discharge condition
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The selection of a particular type of pump

Answer: a depends on which of the following?
Explanation: Mechanical principle of a) i, ii, iii
operation is classified into displacement, b) i only
centrifugal, air lift and miscellaneous pumps. c) ii, iii
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d) i, iii
3. Which of the following pump is classified
based on the type of service? Answer: a
a) Displacement pump Explanation: The selection of a particular
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b) Centrifugal pump type of pump depends on the capacity of

c) Deep well pump pump, number of pump units, suction and
d) Electric driven pump discharge condition, type of drive, initial and
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final cost, lift, flexibility of operations and

Answer: c floor space requirements.
Explanation: Pumps are of four types on the
basis of type of service- low lift, high lift, 7. The centrifugal pump has a ______ flow.
deep well and booster pump. a) Variable

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b) Uniform TOPIC 2.6 SELECTION OF

c) Continuous
d) Constant PUMPS AND PIPE MATERIALS
Answer: c 1. An apparatus for raising, driving or

Explanation: The centrifugal pump has a compressing fluids or gases is called
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continuous flow. It does not give a constant _________
discharge under variable head. a) Piston
b) Pump
8. The speed at which the centrifugal pump c) Compressor
runs (in r.p.m) is _____________ d) Force drive
a) 200
b) 300 Answer: b
.c
c) 500 Explanation: A pump is a device used to
d) 1200 transfer or force the liquid or gas against
gravity. There are different types of pumps
Answer: c based on the requirements and the pumps are
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Explanation: The speed at which the designed for different loads.
centrifugal pump runs lies in the range of 500
to 100 rates per minute (r.p.m). The direct 2. ________ pumps produce a head and a
connection of pump with driving machines is
possible.
pa flow by increasing the velocity of the liquid
with the help of the rotating vane impeller.
a) Displacement pumps
9. The maximum efficiency of a centrifugal b) Positive pumps
pump is _____________ c) Centrifugal pumps
a) 50% d) Rotating pumps
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b) 60%
c) 85% Answer: c
d) 100% Explanation: Centrifugal pumps produce a
head and a flow by increasing the velocity of
Answer: c the liquid with the help of the rotating vane
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Explanation: The efficiency of the impeller. Centrifugal pumps include radial,

centrifugal pump lies between 40% and 85%. axial and mixed flow units.
It depends on the head and discharge of the
pump. 3. What are the pumps that operate by
alternately filling a cavity and then displacing
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10. Based on the type of casing, the a given volume of liquid called?
centrifugal pump is divided into _____ types. a) Centrifugal pump
a) 2 b) Rotating pump
b) 3 c) Positive displacement pump
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c) 4 d) Roto-dynamic pump
d) 5
Answer: c
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Answer: a Explanation: A positive displacement pump

Explanation: Based on the type of casing, the alternately fills a cavity and then displaces a
centrifugal pump is divided into the volute given volume of liquid. For each cycle, this
pump and turbine pump. pump delivers a constant volume of liquid
independent of discharge pressure or head.

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4. The two types of pumps behave very Answer: c

differently regarding pressure head and flow Explanation: The general name for pumps
rate. with one or more impellers is called
a) True centrifugal pumps. Many types and
b) False configurations of centrifugal pumps are used
for different applications.
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Answer: a
Explanation: There are two types of basic 8. Why are booster pumps used?
pumps. One is the centrifugal pump and the a) Higher flow
other one is positive displacement pump. b) Boost pressure
Centrifugal pump is also called as a roto- c) Chop solids
dynamic pump. These two pumps behave d) Maintain flow
very differently with respect to flow rates and
.c
pressure head. Answer: b
Explanation: Booster pumps are used to
5. A steam pump is a type of centrifugal further boost the pressure in a system. It may
pump. be in-line circulator, horizontal split case, or
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a) True vertical turbine in a can type of pump.
b) False Chopper Pumps are designed to chop up
solids and stringy material as it pumps.
Answer: b
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Explanation: There are different types of
centrifugal pumps such as end suction pumps,
9. Why are cryogenic pumps used?
a) Boost pressure
in-line pumps, axial-flow pumps, regenerative b) Handle low temperature liquids
pumps, etc. Steam pump is a type of positive c) Handle high temperature liquids
displacement pump. d) Pump small quantities of liquids
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6. In a centrifugal pump, the flow is _______ Answer: b
when the viscosity is increased. Explanation: Cryogenic pumps are used to
a) Reduced handle very low temperature liquids. Booster
b) Increased pumps are used to further boost the pressure
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c) Greater in a system. Drum pumps are used to pump

d) Same out small quantities of liquid of out of drums
and carboys.
Answer: a
Explanation: In a centrifugal pump, the flow 10. End suction pumps are the common type
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is reduced when the viscosity is increased. of _________ pumps.

This is because the viscosity of any fluid a) Drum pumps
restricts its capacity to flow easily. On b) Centrifugal pumps
thickening the solution or liquid, the flow is c) Positive displacement pumps
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reduced. d) Grinder pumps
7. What are the pumps with one or more Answer: b

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impellers called? Explanation: End suction pumps are the

a) ANSI process pumps common type of centrifugal pump. It has a
b) API process pumps horizontal shaft with an overhung impeller.
c) Centrifugal pumps The flow goes in the end of the casing, and
d) Positive displacement pumps out the top.

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11. Which pump among the ones mentioned c) Submersible Pump

below can be located above the suction d) Screw Pump
reservoir without an external priming system?
a) Slurry pumps Answer: c
b) Self-priming pumps Explanation: Submersible pumps are used to
c) Submersible pumps handle liquids with solids. Also, these are
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d) Trash pumps non-clog pumps which are fully or partially
submerged in the tanks. In cases where the
Answer: b pump is partially submerged the motor is
Explanation: Self-Priming pumps are a type above the water level and the motor is
of centrifugal that can be located above the connected to the pump by an extended shaft.
suction reservoir without an external priming
system. It has an end suction configuration 15. In an activated sludge process which type
.c
but an enlarged case to support priming. of pump is used to recirculate the sludge?
a) Booster Pump
12. Which type of pump is designed to handle b) Centrifugal Pump
rocks and other solids? c) Vane Pump
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a) Trash pumps d) Vertical Turbine Pump
b) Submersible pumps
c) Slurry pumps Answer: b
Explanation: The activated sludge does not
d) Self-priming pumps
Answer: a
pa contain any solids. Also, it is not very
viscous. Hence a centrifugal pump can be
Explanation: Trash pumps are a type of used for this application.
submersible centrifugal pump designed to
handle rocks and other solids while 16. Which type of pump is used while
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dewatering. It is used in dewatering handling the sludge disposal system?
construction sites, mines, and utility pits. a) Screw Pump
b) Multistage Pump
13. Which type of pump should be used in c) Self-priming Pump
order to handle low viscosity fluids? d) Vertical Pump
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a) Centrifugal Pump
b) Displacement Pump Answer: a
c) Submersible Pump Explanation: Screw Pumps utilize
d) End Suction Pump intermeshing screws driven by timing gears in
order to move the viscous liquids. These
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Answer: a pumps are used to pump thick liquids. Hence

Explanation: Centrifugal pumps can pump it is suitable to handle sludge.
liquids which are of low viscosity. It cannot
handle liquids such as oil. The liquid that is
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pumped by centrifugal pumps should be free

from air.
UNIT III WATER
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14. Which type of pump should be selected in

order to pump the sewage from a septic tank TREATMENT
to the water treatment system?
a) Vertical Sump Pump TOPIC 3.1 OBJECTIVES - UNIT
b) Progressive Cavity Pump
OPERATIONS AND PROCESSES

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- PRINCIPLES, FUNCTIONS, 3. Flocculation of iron from water by the

AND DESIGN OF WATER addition of lime is an example of which of the
following process?
TREATMENT PLANT UNITS, a) Chemical precipitation
AERATORS OF FLASH MIXERS, b) Chemical coagulation
COAGULATION AND c) Ion exchange
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FLOCCULATION d) Adsorption
CLARIFLOCCUATOR-PLATE Answer: a
AND TUBE SETTLERS Explanation: Chemical precipitation removes
the dissolved substance from water through
1. In which unit operation, gases are released ion transfer where precipitation of dissolved
or absorbed in the water? impurities takes place.
.c
a) Gas transfer
b) Ion transfer 4. In which unit operation objectionable
c) Solute stabilization solutes are converted into unobjectionable
forms without removal?
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d) Solids Transfer
a) Gas transfer
Answer: a b) Ion transfer
Explanation: In Gas transfer, gases are
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released or absorbed in water by exposing the d) Solids Transfer
water through aeration under normal,
increased or reduced pressure. Answer: c
Explanation: In solute stabilization, water is
2. How many types of aerators are commonly stabilized by chlorination or liming so that
used in the treatment of water? objectionable solutes are converted into
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a) 2 unobjectionable form.
b) 3
c) 4 5. In which form of solute stabilization,
d) 5 hydrogen sulfide in water is oxidized into
sulfate?
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Answer: c a) Chlorination
Explanation: There are 4 types of aerators b) Liming
namely Gravity aerators, Spray aerators, c) Re-carbonation
Diffusers and Mechanical aerators. d) Super-chlorination
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3. Which of the following process is used to Answer: a

remove the colloidal particles from water? Explanation: By the process of chlorination,
a) Chemical precipitation water gets stabilized by the conversion of
b) Chemical coagulation hydrogen sulfide into sulfate.
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c) Ion exchange
d) Adsorption 6. Which form of solute stabilization occurs
when water passes through limestone?
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Answer: b a) Chlorination
Explanation: Chemical coagulation is used to b) Liming
remove colloidal particles by the use of c) Re-carbonation
coagulants which increase the particle size d) Super-chlorination
and they settle down.

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Answer: b removal of hydroxides, carbonates and

Explanation: When water passes through bicarbonates of calcium, sodium and
limestone, carbon dioxide in excess get magnesium from water. Demineralization
converted into soluble bicarbonate. results in removal of all the ions from the
water.
7. In which process, excess lime is converted
om
into bicarbonate? 11. Organic contaminants are removed from
a) Chlorination the water by the process of ______
b) Liming a) Water softening
c) Re-carbonation b) Demineralization
d) Super-chlorination c) Absorption
d) Adsorption
Answer: c
.c
Explanation: By Re-carbonation of water Answer: d
softened by excess lime treatment, excess Explanation: Organic contaminants are
lime is converted into bicarbonate. removed from the water by the attraction and
accumulation of one substance on the surface
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8. By which process, odour producing of another.
substances is oxidized?
a) Chlorination
b) Liming
pa TOPIC 3.2 PULSATOR
c) Re-carbonation CLARIFIER - SAND FILTERS -
d) Super-chlorination DISINFECTION - RESIDUE
MANAGEMENT -
Answer: d
Explanation: By addition of chlorine dioxide CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION
jin
to water, odour producing substances are AND MAINTENANCE ASPECTS.
oxidized.
1. __________ is an operation designed to
9. Solids are removed from the water by force agitation in the fluid and induce
which of the following unit operation? coagulation.
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a) Inter facial contact a) Sedimentation

b) Solid stabilization b) Flocculation
c) Ion transfer c) Disinfection
d) Solids transfer d) Aeration
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Answer: d Answer: b
Explanation: During solids transfer, solids Explanation: Flocculation is an agitating
are removed from water by straining, process in which destabilized particles are
sedimentation, flotation and filtration. brought into contact to promote
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agglomeration.
10. Dealkalization results in removal of all
the ions from the water. 2. The rate of change of velocity per unit
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a) True distance normal to a section is called_______

b) False a) Mean velocity
b) Average velocity
Answer: b c) Mean velocity gradient
Explanation: Dealkalization results in d) Velocity gradient

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Answer: c 6. The design value of the velocity of flow in

Explanation: Mean velocity gradient is given a flocculator is _______
by G = (P/uv)1/2 Where P = power dissipated, a) 0.2-0.8m/s
u = absolute viscosity, v = volume to which b) 0.3-0.5m/s
power is applied. c) 0.6-0.8m/s
d) 0.1-0.5m/s
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3. What is the dimension formula of mean
velocity gradient? Answer: a
a) 1/T Explanation:The normal value of the
b) 1/T2 velocity of flow in a flocculator is 0.4m/s and
c) T its range is 0.2-0.8m/s.
d) T2
7. What is the detention period of a clarifier
.c
Answer: a used in the treatment of water?
Explanation: Mean velocity gradient is a) 1hour
b) 2hours
expressed in metre per second/m or Sec-1, so
c) 3hours
ul
it has dimension formula of 1/T.
d) 4hours
4. What is the desirable value of mean
Answer: c
velocity gradient in a flocculator?
Explanation: The detention period of a
a) 20-50sec-1
b) 20-75sec-1
pa clarifier is lower than in the plain
sedimentation tank and its range is 2.5 to 3
c) 50-100sec-1 hours.
d) 30-50sec-1
8. The pulsator clarifier is a type of
jin
Answer: b __________
Explanation: The desirable value of mean a) Horizontal flow sludge tank
velocity gradient (G) in a flocculator is 20- b) Vertical flow sludge tank
c) Circular sludge tank
75sec-1 and for ‘Gt’ is 2*104 to 6*104 where
d) Plain sedimentation tank
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‘Gt’ is the ratio of power induced rate of flow

to displace mean induced rate of flow. Answer: b
Explanation: The pulsator clarifier is a
5. What is the normal value of the detention
vertical flow sludge tank in which pulse is
period adopted in a flocculator for design
generated at interval of 30Sec to give rapid
purpose?
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flow for 5-10Sec resulting in the alternative

a) 30min
rising up of the sludge blanket.
b) 60min
c) 90min 9. Which device solved the problem of
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d) 100min unstable hydraulic conditions and operation

of sludge removal equipment?
Answer: a a) Centrifugal pump
Explanation: The detention period in a
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b) Pulsator clarifier
flocculator for design purpose should be in
c) Tube settler
the range of 10-40min and its normal value
d) Flocculator
should be 30min.

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Answer: c 1. Ion exchange units are known as ______

Explanation: Tube settler solved the problem a) Water hardeners
of unstable hydraulic conditions and b) Water softeners
operation of sludge removal equipment by c) Water purifiers
providing laminar flow conditions for d) Exchangers
sedimentation.
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Answer: b
10. In which device, the primary mixing is Explanation: Ion exchange units that replace
followed by a secondary reaction zone calcium and magnesium ions from water are
resulting in formation of sludge blanket? known as water softeners. They may also
a) Centrifugal pump remove varying amounts of other inorganic
b) Flocculator pollutants such as metals.
c) Tube settler
.c
d) Solid contact clarifier 2. Water softener units work most efficiently
with particulate water.
Answer: d a) True
Explanation: In Solid contact clarifier, b) False
ul
sludge blanket is formed where straining
action occurs to remove some of the finer Answer: b
particles. The thickness of the blanket is 1m. Explanation: Water softener units work most
efficiently with particulate-free water. Ion
pa
11. In which type of tube settler, tubes are
slightly inclined in the direction of normal
exchange units that replace calcium and
magnesium ions from water are known as
flow? water softeners.
a) Solid contact clarifier
b) Steeply inclined tube settler 3. Which of these have a negative electrical
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c) Vertical tube settler charge?
d) Horizontal tube settler a) Calcium
b) Magnesium
Answer: d c) Sodium
Explanation: In Horizontal tube settler, the d) Chloride
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tubes are slightly inclined in the direction of

normal flow and the sludge settled is drained Answer: d
by filter backwash.They are used in small Explanation: Calcium and magnesium ions
plants. are atoms having a positive electrical charge,
as do sodium and potassium ions. Ions of the
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same charge can be exchanged.
4. The ions with opposite charge can be

UNIT IV ADVANCED exchanged.
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a) True
WATER TREATMENT b) False
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TOPIC 4.1 WATER SOFTENING - Answer: b

Explanation: Ions of the same charge can be
DESALINATION- R.O. PLANT - exchanged. In the process, the water
DEMINERALIZATION - containing calcium and magnesium ions is
ADSORPTION

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considered and substance containing sodium 8. While designing the demineralisation plant
or potassium ions is used against it. what is considered as the weak basic anion
load?
5. While designing the demineralisation plant a) Alkaline hardness
what is considered as the weak acidic cation b) Alkaline hardness + EMA
load? c) EMA
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a) Alkaline hardness d) Silica
b) Alkaline hardness+ EMA
c) EMA Answer: c
d) Silica Explanation: The load for weak basic anion
is EMA alone. EMA constitutes of chlorides,
Answer: a sulphides, nitrates etc. It is the sum total of
Explanation: The load for Weak acid cation these ions.
.c
is alkaline hardness alone. Alkalinity is
expressed as phenolphthalein alkalinity. It is 9. When is strong basic anion not necessary?
also expressed as methyl orange alkalinity. a) Silica is nil
b) CO2 is nil
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6. While designing the demineralisation plant c) Fluroine is nil
what is considered as the strong acidic cation d) Sulphate is nil
load?
a) Alkaline hardness
b) Alkaline hardness + EMA
c) EMA
pa Answer: a
Explanation: When silica is nil, there is no
requirement of a strong basic anion. Degasser
d) Silica removes CO2. A degasser tower is used in
such cases.
Answer: b
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Explanation: The load for Weak acid cation 10. When the hardness and alkalinity are
is alkaline hardness alone. This is also
around 30% what should be used?
equivalent to total anions. Total anions is
a) SAC
equivalent to alkaline hardness + EMA.
b) WAC
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c) WAC, SAC
7. While designing the demineralisation plant
d) WAC, SAC, WBA
what is considered as the strong basic anion
load?
Answer: c
a) Alkaline hardness
Explanation: When the hardness and
b) Alkaline hardness + EMA+CO2 alkalinity are around 30%, then WAC and
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c) EMA+Silica SAC should be used. WAC removes

d) Silica+CO2+ Alkalinity+EMA temporary hardness caused by alkalinity. SAC
removes EMA and alkalinity.
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Answer: d
Explanation: The load for strong basic anion 11. In case along with silica, there is high
is Silica+CO2+ Alkalinity+EMA. This is in content in sulphide and chloride what should
the case where there is no degasser. be used?
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In case there is a degasser then the CO2 load a) WBA

b) WBA and SBA
is not considered.
c) SBA
d) SBA,WBA and WAC

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Answer: b cation exchanger. To obtain stringent level of

Explanation: In case the sulphide and silica mixed bed should be implemented.
chloride are present then WBA should be
used. SBA removes only silica and alkalinity.
It doesn’t remove EMA.
TOPIC 4.2 ION EXCHANGE
MEMBRANE SYSTEMS - RO
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12. What is the preferred regenerant in case REJECT MANAGEMENT - IRON
of cation exchanger? AND MANGANESE REMOVAL -
a) HCl
b) H2SO4
DEFLUORIDATION
c) H2CO3
1. In which year was the Ferrosand process
d) HF patented?
.c
a) 1960
Answer: a
b) 1965
Explanation: The preffered regenerant in
c) 1970
case of cation exchanger is HCl.
d) 1975
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Regeneration is a process necessary to
regenerate the resin. In this way the resin can Answer: b
be reused for the next demineralization Explanation: The manganese greensand
process. pa process has been used in the United States
since the 1950s. During the early years of its
13. What is the preferred regenerant in case
use, Hungerford & Terry, Inc. of Clayton,
of anion exchanger?
New Jersey, worked to improve the process
a) NaCl
and eventually developed the Ferrosand® CR
b) NaOH
Process, patented in 1965.
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c) Na2SO4
d) Na2CO3 2. What is the permitted concentration of
manganese in drinking water?
Answer: b a) 30 g/l
Explanation: The preffered regenerant in b) 40 g/l
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case of anion exchanger is NaOH. c) 50 g/l

Regeneration is a process necessary to d) 60 g/l
regenerate the resin. In this way the resin can
be reused for the next demineralization Answer: c
process. Explanation: The permitted concentration of
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manganese in drinking water is 50g/l. The

14. For obtaining Silica<5 ppm which of manganese greensand process has been used
these should be utilized? in the United States since the 1950s.
a) SBA followed by Mixed be
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b) SBA 3. What is the permitted concentration of iron

c) WBA SBA followed by mixed bed in drinking water?
d) Mixed bed a) 100 g/l
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b) 200 g/l
Answer: a c) 300 g/l
Explanation: A mixed bed is usually d) 400 g/l
followed after a SBA to obtain silica level < 5
ppm. Mixed bed constitutes both an anion and

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Answer: b 7. At what pH should the water be

Explanation: The permitted concentration of maintained?
iron in drinking water is 200g/l. The a) 6.5
permitted concentration of manganese in b) 7.5
drinking water is 50g/l. The permitted c) 8.5
concentration of arsenic in drinking water is d) 9
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10g/l.
Answer: b
4. What is the permitted concentration of Explanation: The pH of the water should be
arsenic in drinking water? increased to a value over pH 7.5. The
a) 10 g/l decrease in the value of pH leads to increase
b) 20 g/l in the acidity of water.
c) 30 g/l
.c
d) 40 g/l 8. The aeration system will decrease the
redox potential of the water.
Answer: a a) True
Explanation: The permitted concentration of b) False
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arsenic in drinking water is 10g/l. The
permitted concentration of iron in drinking Answer: b
water is 200g/l. The permitted concentration Explanation: The aeration system will
increase the redox potential of the water. It is
pa
of manganese in drinking water is 50g/l.
5. What is the minimum time of aeration?

important to raise the potential to as high a
value as possible. Certainly, it should be over
a) 20 minutes 200mv.
b) 40 minutes
c) 60 minutes 9. What is the minimum required redox
jin
d) 80 minutes potential of water?
a) 100 mv
Answer: c b) 200 mv
Explanation: The water is aerated for a c) 300 mv
period of no less than 60 minutes. If water d) 400 mv
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flow is 50 m3/h the aeration level is 100m3/h

Answer: b
of air and tank volume is 50m3 of water.
Explanation: The minimum required redox
6. What is the tank volume of aeration for potential of water is 200 mv. Manganese
water flow of 50m3/h? oxidation requires a high oxidation potential.
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a) 40 m3 10. Manganese oxidation requires a high

b) 50 m3 oxidation potential.
c) 80 m3 a) True
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d) 100 m3 b) False
Answer: a
Answer: b
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Explanation: The water is aerated for a Explanation: Manganese oxidation requires a

period of no less than 60 minutes. The tank high oxidation potential, in some cases if
there is a high BOD or organic content in the
volume of aeration for water flow of 50m3/h water it may be required to add additional
is 50 m3. oxidizing agents such as hypochlorite,

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chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide or concentration of fluoride in water is between

ozone. 0.7 to 1.2mg/l.
11. What is the desirable bed depth for AFM 2. In which process, the fluoride content of
filtration? water is raised?
a) 1000 mm a) Chlorination
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b) 1200 mm b) Fluoridation
c) 1500 mm c) Defluoridation
d) 1800 mm d) Flocculation
Answer: b Answer: b
Explanation: The desirable bed depth of Explanation: When the fluoride content is
AFM filtration is 1200 mm. Maximum bed low, it will cause dental caries. So the fluoride
.c
depth can be within 3000 mm and the bulk content of water is raised and the process is
density is 1.25-1. called fluoridation.
12. What is the maximum allowable flow for 3. Which of the following is not used as a
ul
backwash? fluoride compound?
a) 20 m/hr a) Sodium fluoride
b) 45 m/hr b) Sodium silico fluoride
c) 60 m/hr c) Hydrofluosilicic acid
d) 80 m/hr
pa d) Sodium fluro carbonate
Answer: c Answer: d
Explanation: The maximum allowable water Explanation: Sodium fluoride, sodium silico
flow for backwash is 60 m/hr. The fluoride, hydrofluosilicic acid and sodium
jin
recommended water flow for backwash is 45 fluro carbonate are the fluoride compounds
m/hr. used for fluoridation.
4. Which of the following is the pure

TOPIC 4.3 CONSTRUCTION compound?
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AND OPERATION & a) Sodium fluoride

MAINTENANCE ASPECTS - b) Sodium silico fluoride
RECENT ADVANCES - MBR c) Hydrofluosilicic acid
d) Sodium fluro carbonate
PROCESS
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Answer: a
1. The fluoride concentration for prevention Explanation: Sodium fluoride is the most
of dental caries is ____________ purest compound having 95-98% purity due
a) 1mg/l to which, they are commonly used for
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b) 2mg/l fluoridation.
c) 3mg/l
d) 4mg/l 5. As far as safer handling is considered,
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which of the following is used for

Answer: a fluoridation?
Explanation: Dental caries occurs in a) Sodium fluoride
children. It can be prevented when the b) Sodium silico fluoride

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c) Hydrofluosilicic acid 9. Which of the following is not used for

d) Sodium fluro carbonate defluoridation?
a) Calcium phosphate
Answer: c b) Copper sulfate
Explanation: For safer handling, c) Alum
hydrofluosilicic acid is preferred as even if it d) Bone charcoal
om
is spilled on the skin, it can be removed easily
by washing in cold water. Answer: b
Explanation: Copper sulfate is used to
6. Fluorides in solution form are preferred remove taste, odor, color and control of algae
over powdered form for fluoridation. growth and it is not used for fluoridation.
a) True
b) False 10. At which temperature, the bone is
.c
calcinated during defluoridation with calcium
Answer: b phosphate?
Explanation: Fluorides in powdered form a) 100-200oC
like sodium fluoride or sodium fluosilicate
ul
b) 200-300oC
are toxic and must be contained in air tight
containers. Hence, they are not preferred. c) 400-600oC
d) 500-800oC
7. What happens when water contains 8-20
ppm of fluoride concentration?
a) Blue baby disease
pa Answer: c
Explanation: During defluoridation by
b) Crippling fluorosis calcium phosphate, the bone is calcinated at
c) Dental fluorosis 400-600oC for 10 minutes followed by
d) Mottling of teeth mineral acid treatment.
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Answer: b 11. One cubic metre of bone can treat how
Explanation: Dental fluorosis is caused when much quantity of water containing 3.5 ppm of
fluoride concentration is above 3 ppm, fluoride?
whereas Crippling fluorosis is caused when
a) 10m3
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the concentration of fluoride in water is

between 8 and 20ppm. b) 100m3
c) 1000m3
8. The process of reducing the fluoride d) 10000m3
content from water is called _____
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a) Chlorination Answer: b
b) Fluoridation Explanation: Bone is used in the filter for
c) Defluoridation removal of fluorides. One cubic metre of
d) Flocculation bone can treat 100m3 water containing 3.5
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ppm of fluoride.
Answer: c
Explanation: When the fluoride content in 12. Which material is used in contact filters
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water is high, it is essential to reduce the for the removal of fluorides?

fluoride content to avoid health related a) Calcium phosphate
problems and the process of reducing the b) Copper sulfate
fluoride content is called defluoridation. c) Synthetic tri-calcium phosphate
d) Bone charcoal

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Answer: c NETWORK DESIGN -

Explanation: Synthetic tri-calcium phosphate ECONOMICS
is used in contact filters for the removal of
fluorides. It is made from the milk of lime
and phosphoric acid. 1. Which of the following is not a component
of plumbing water supply system?
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13. Which material is used for removing a) Washbasin
fluorides from hard water containing 3ppm of b) Water supply and distribution pipes
fluorides? c) Valves
a) Lime d) Storage tanks
b) Copper sulfate
c) Synthetic tri-calcium phosphate Answer: a
d) Bone charcoal Explanation: The plumbing system consists
.c
of the entire system of piping fixtures which
Answer: a are used for the supply and drainage of water.
Explanation: Lime is suitable for removing The various components of plumbing water
fluorides from hard water containing less than supply system are water supply and
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4ppm. Magnesium is also removed when this distribution pipes, valves, storage tanks, etc.
material is used for defluoridation.
2. Which of the following is not a component
14. Fluorex is a special mixture of of the plumbing drainage system?
____________
a) Di-calcium phosphate and carbon
pa a) Water closets
b) Taps
b) Tri-calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite c) Vent pipes
c) Di-calcium phosphate and phosphoric acid d) Urinals
d) Tri-calcium phosphate and carbon
jin
Answer: b
Answer: b Explanation: The different components of
Explanation: Fluorex is used for removing the plumbing drainage system are water
fluoride and it is a special mixture of tri- closets, vent pipes, urinals, septic tanks, soil
calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. It is waste pipes, traps, etc. Taps form the part of
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used as a filter medium. plumbing water supply system.
3. According to the Indian Standard

recommendations, a water requirement of
_______ per head per day is assumed for
UNIT V WATER
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residential buildings.
a) 50 litres
DISTRIBUTION AND b) 115 litres
SUPPLY c) 135 litres
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d) 160 litres
TOPIC 5.1 REQUIREMENTS OF Answer: c

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WATER DISTRIBUTION - Explanation: According to the Indian

COMPONENTS - SELECTION Standard recommendations, a water
requirement of 135 litres per head per day is
OF PIPE MATERIAL - SERVICE assumed for residential buildings. Out of this,
RESERVOIRS FUNCTIONS - 45 litres may be taken for flushing needs

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while the rest 90 litres are taken for domestic 7. The diameter of main service pipe may
purposes. vary from ___________
a) 2-15 mm
4. Light gauge copper tubes are used for b) 12-40 mm
general purpose work where the pressure is c) 50-75 mm
not more than 0.15 N/mm2. d) 60-80 mm
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a) True
b) False Answer: b
Explanation: The diameter of the main
Answer: a service pipe may vary from 12-40 mm. The
Explanation: Copper water service pipes are materials which are commonly used for
of two types. These are light gauge and heavy service pipes are copper, lead, galvanised iron
gauge. Light gauge copper tubes are used for and polythene.
.c
general purpose work where the pressure is
8. ____________ is used to measure flows to
not more than 0.15 N/mm2.
domestic buildings.
a) Rain gauge
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5. Which of the following is not true about
lead pipes? b) Water tank
a) Lead pipes are highly resistant to corrosion c) Drainpipe
b) They have a low hydraulic coefficient of
pa d) Water meter
flow
Answer: d
c) Lead pipes are highly flexible
Explanation: Water meter is used to measure
d) When lead goes into solution, it has a
flows to domestic buildings. A water meter
cumulative poisoning effect
should be easy to maintain and repair and it
should measure and register both large and
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Answer: b
Explanation: Lead pipes have many small flows accurately.
advantages. They have a high hydraulic
9. ____________ is used to measure the flow
coefficient of flow and are highly resistant to
velocity across a cross-section with a known
corrosion. Lead pipes are highly flexible.
area.
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Still, it is not preferred because when the lead

a) Inferential meter
goes into solution, it has a cumulative
poisoning effect. b) Anemometer
c) Speedometer
6. Which of the following is not true about d) Barometer
plastic pipes?
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a) Plastic pipes are cheaper than the metal Answer: a

pipes Explanation: There are generally two types
b) Plastic pipes are light in weight of meters used in water distribution systems.
These are inferential meter and displacement
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c) Plastic pipes can be installed with ordinary

tools meter. The inferential meter is used to
d) Plastic pipes are corrosive measure the flow velocity across a cross-
section with a known area.
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Answer: d
Explanation: Plastic pipes are light in 10. Inferential meters can be used for both
weight. Ordinary tools are used to install low and high flows.
plastic pipes. Plastic pipes are non-corrosive a) True
b) False
and are cheaper than metal pipes.

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Answer: b Answer: d
Explanation: Inferential meters are used only Explanation: The pressure in the distribution
for high flows. They are also known as mains depends on the height to which water is
velocity meters. For relatively low flows, required to be supplied, fire fighting
displacement meters are used. requirements, whether the supply is metered
or not and availability of funds.
om
TOPIC 5.2 ANALYSIS OF 4. The pressure in distribution mains in a
DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS - residential building up to three storeys is
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS - ____________
APPURTENANCES - LEAK a) 2kg/cm2
DETECTION b) 5kg/cm2
.c
c) 7kg/cm2
1. The method of distribution of water is d) 10kg/cm2
divided into how many types?
a) 1 Answer: a
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b) 2 Explanation: The pressure in distribution
c) 3 mains in a residential building up to three
d) 4 pa storeys is 2kg/cm2 and when it is between 3-6
storeys, the pressure is 3kg/cm2.
Answer: c
Explanation: The method of distribution of 5. There is a 8 storey residential building in
water is divided into 3 types and it includes Lucknow. What is the pressure in the
gravity system, pumping system and distribution mains?
combined gravity and pumping system.
jin
a) 2kg/cm2
2. In which of the following distribution b) 5kg/cm2
system, the clean water flows entirely under c) 7kg/cm2
gravity? d) 10kg/cm2
a) Gravity system
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b) Pressure system Answer: b

c) Combined gravity and pumping system Explanation: When the height of residential
d) Pumping system building is between 6 to 10 storey, the
pressure in the distribution mains lies
Answer: a
between 4 to 5.5kg/cm2.
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Explanation: The purified water in gravity

system flow entirely under gravity. It is the
6. The velocity of water in a 10 cm diameter
most reliable and economical distribution
pipe should be ____________
system.
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a) 0.2m/Sec
3. The pressure in the distribution mains does b) 0.5m/Sec
not depend on ____________ c) 0.9m/Sec
d) 1.2m/Sec
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a) Altitude to supply water

b) Fire fighting requirements
Answer: c
c) Availability of funds
Explanation: The velocity of water in a 10
d) Quality of water
cm diameter pipe should be 0.9m/Sec

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Which is 1.2m/Sec when the diameter of pipe Answer: b

is 15cm. Explanation: The hourly demand rate is not
constant throughout the day, it is more during
7. In which system of water supply, water is morning and evening and less during other
available for 24 hours but uneconomically parts of the day.
used?
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a) Continuous supply 11. According the mass curve method, the
b) Fixed supply storage capacity is defined as ____________
c) Intermittent supply a) Maximum excess of supply / Maximum
d) Low supply excess of demand
b) Maximum excess of supply * Maximum
Answer: a excess of demand
Explanation: In continuous water supply, c) Maximum excess of supply – Maximum
.c
water is wasted due to a continuous supply of excess of demand
water for 24 hours of the day or long duration d) Maximum excess of supply + Maximum
of flow. excess of demand
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8. In which system of water supply, water is Answer: d
supplied only during fixed hours of the day? Explanation: A mass curve of demand is the
a) Continuous supply cumulative demand curve, which is obtained
b) Fixed supply
c) Intermittent supply
d) Low supply
pa by continuously adding the hourly demands
and plotting it against time.
12. _______ causes hoop tension in pipe

Answer: c shell.
Explanation: In Intermittent supply, water is a) Internal water pressure
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supplied to the consumer during fixed hours b) External water pressure
of the day and is adopted when sufficient c) Water hammer
pressure is not available or sufficient quantity d) Longitudinal stress
of water is not available.
Answer: a
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9. The velocity of water in the pipe is Explanation: Internal water pressure causes
1.8m/Sec. What is the diameter of pipe used? hoop tension in pipe shell and its magnitude
a) 10cm is given by f = pd/2t where p is the internal
b) 15cm pressure of water, d is the diameter of the
c) 25cm pipe and t is the thickness of pipe shell.
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d) 40cm
13. The water supply pipes are buried
Answer: d underground. The load on the buried pipe due
Explanation: It is the maximum diameter of to earth filling is given by ____________
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the pipe for which the velocity of water a) W = C*Y*B

should not be less than 1.8m/Sec. b) W = C*Y/B
c) W = C*Y*B2
w
10. The hourly demand rate is constant d) W = C*Y2*B

throughout the day.
a) True Answer: c
b) False Explanation: According to Marston, the load
W on buried pipes due to earth filling is given

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by W = C*Y*B2 where, ‘C’ is the coefficient Answer: b

which depends on soil, ‘Y’ is the unit weight Explanation: Pumps are of two types.
of back fill material and ‘B’ is the width of Submersible pumps and open type pumps.
the trench. Submersible pumps require very less
maintenance and are used inside water. Both
14. Which of the following stress in pipe types can be used for traditional as well as
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depends on temperature? hydro-pneumatic system.
a) Internal water pressure
b) Stress due to foundation reaction 2. Submersible pumps require high
c) Longitudinal stress maintenance.
d) Temperature stress a) True
b) False
Answer: d
.c
Explanation: Temperature stress is caused in Answer: b
pipes when they are laid above ground. When Explanation: Submersible pumps require
they are subjected to temperature variation, very less maintenance and are used inside
water. Both types can be used for traditional
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changes in the length of pipe takes place.
as well as hydro-pneumatic system.
15. Pipe corrosion can be minimized by
____________ 3. What is the minimum diameter of pipes
used for drainage of waste water?
a) Removal of copper sulfate
b) Addition of calcium carbonate
c) Addition of carbon dioxide
pa a) 50 mm
b) 75 mm
d) Removal of dissolved oxygen c) 100 mm
d) 105 mm
Answer: d
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Explanation: Pipe corrosion can be Answer: b
minimized by pH adjustment, control of Explanation: Waste water is from showers,
calcium carbonate, removal of dissolved basins, kitchen sinks, washing machines and
oxygen, removal of carbon dioxide and by the the like. This is also called grey water.
Normally a minimum of 75 mm diameter
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addition of sodium silicate.

pipes is used for drainage of waste water.
TOPIC 5.3 PRINCIPLES OF 4. What is the wastewater from kitchen sinks
DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY IN called?
BUILDINGS - HOUSE SERVICE a) Grey water
w
b) Black water
CONNECTION - FIXTURES AND c) Yellow water
FITTINGS, SYSTEMS OF d) Brown water
PLUMBING AND TYPES OF
w
PLUMBING. Answer: a
Explanation: Normally a minimum of 75 mm
diameter pipes are used for drainage of waste
1. How many types of pumps are present?
w
water. Waste water is from showers, basins,

a) 1 kitchen sinks, washing machines and the like.
b) 2 This is also called grey water.
c) 3
d) 4

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5. What is the water from urinals called? should not be allowed to enter the normal
a) Black water drainage system. A grease trap is nothing but
b) Yellow water a small inspection chamber.
c) Grey water
d) Brown water 9. _______ is used to clean blockage in the
line.
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Answer: a a) Lateral chamber
Explanation: Soil water or sewage is from b) Main chamber
WCs and urinals. This is also called black c) Inspection chamber
water. Minimum of 100 mm diameter pipes d) Sewer chamber
are used for waste water. These can be of cast
iron or of PVC. Answer: c
Explanation: Tone ware (ceramic) pipes are
.c
6. What is the minimum diameter of the pipe used when soil and waste water is to be
used to collect black water? transported in external soil. An inspection
a) 50 mm chamber is used to clean blockage in the line
b) 75 mm and change direction of pipes.
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c) 100 mm
d) 125 mm 10. What is the shape of the septic tank?
a) Square
Answer: c b) Rectangle
pa
Explanation: Soil water or sewage is from
WCs and urinals. This is also called black
c) Circular
d) Oval
water. Minimum of 100 mm diameter pipes
are used for waste water. Answer: b
Explanation: A septic tank is a rectangular
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7. What is the recommended slope ratio for underground tank with compartments. It is
soil water pipes? always full of sewage that can be removed
a) 1:12 manually. The less water put into a septic
b) 1:20 tank, the better it will function.
c) 1:30
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d) 1:40 11. What is the percentage of purification of

septic tank effluent?
Answer: d a) 30%
Explanation: Soil water pipes should run at a b) 50%
steeper slope, such as 1:40, as they have c) 70%
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solids. These can be of cast iron or of PVC. d) 90%

Minimum of 100 mm diameter pipes are used
for waste water. Answer: c
Explanation: The effluent that flows out of
w
8. Grease should not be allowed to enter the this, which is about 70% purified, is then put
normal drainage system. into a soak pit. A soak pit is a cylindrical tank
a) True with porous brick walls surrounded by a layer
w
b) False of gravel.
Answer: a 12. ________ should not be placed near water

Explanation: A grease trap should be used body.
when draining waste from kitchens, grease a) Power generator

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b) Soak pit near any occupied structure, water body or

c) Pump stations water supply pipe. The groundwater will
d) Houses enter and flood the pit through the porous
walls. Hence, soak pit cannot be used where
Answer: b the water table is high.
Explanation: A soak pit should not be placed
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.c
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w
w
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En8491 Water Supply Engineering MCQ

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difference between total solid and suspended

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Answer: c a) 1mg of fine silica dissolved in 1L of

Explanation: The maximum value of

8. Threshold odour number testing is Answer: a

than 250C is considered objectionable.

water as in hot water due to increase in wrong regarding turbidity?

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present in the water 1. The average quantity of water (in lpcd)

13. The permissible limit of turbidity of Answer: d

b) Industrial water demand

c) First decrease, then increase Explanation: The minimum average water

Explanation: Turbidity rod is inserted inside

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Answer: b 7. Water lost in theft and waste contributes to

Explanation: Kuchling’s formula is used

10. Which of the following statement is

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c) Loss of water is more if the pressure in the c) 20 years

* annual average hourly demand

b) 40MLD years, the water treatment unit for 15 years

Explanation: Maximum daily draft +fire 2 1 4 3

TOPIC 1.3 SURFACE AND

13. What is the design period for the water

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b) storage reservoir purposes together is a multipurpose reservoir.

designed for irrigation alone is a

c) distribution reservoir a) Storage reservoir

Answer: b d) Distribution reservoir

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cost and encouraging personal and house hold

component of a water supply scheme?

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Answer: d having certain design periods based on the

based on the population present in a particular impurities. It is not recommended to be used

be given as _________ d) Placement of pipe

c) 30 yr Explanation: The factors effecting per capita

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9. The amount of water required for 1 percent Answer: a

Answer: a 3. The CWA made it unlawful to discharge

CHARACTERIZATION - permit program controls discharges.

4. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of

b) Discharge of pollutants into the waters of b) 1946

d) Discharge of pollutants into the waters of Answer: d

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and concern for controlling water pollution b) TSML

11. Which section of CWA regulates land

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c) Section 404 Management Program to manage nonpoint

Answer: d 15. When did CWA come into existence?

Answer: c a) Chlorination of water

a) NPSMP water to a convenient point with reasonable

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c) Sub surface water Answer: a

7. Which type of water is generally used in

uses raw water which is obtained from

population forecast methods has to be used

particular water tank construction. b) Industrial activities

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the other systems, e.g. cast iron, steel, copper

a) Facilitate product flow

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