Design and Analysis of Face Shield

Priam Pillai, Ameya Nijasure, Sharvaree Chitre, Nikhil Ghule, Faizan Kaware, Prasad Mali
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pillai College of Engineering, New Panvel

Mumbai University, India

chitreshada17em@student.mes.ac.in

ghulenikja17em@student.mes.ac.in

kawarefaiab17em@student.mes.ac.in

maliprasu17em@student.mes.ac.in

Abstract- As the coronavirus pandemic is affecting greatly the
health as well as economy of the world, better solutions should be
provided for the implementation of social distancing. Though face
masks and Face shields are acting as a strong option to reduce the
transmission of Covid-19, actions should be taken under
consideration for improving and enhancing the use of these PPE.
This research paper suggests some aesthetically improved face
shield models to improve the acceptance and demand of face shield
as a part of PPE kit. This research has also incorporated analysis
of responses from common people through survey conducted
online. Further an attempt is done to analyse each design using a
3D modelling software to study the effectiveness of Shield.
Keywords- SARS-CoV, Coronavirus, Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE), Face shield, 3D Printing, Survey, Prototype.
I. INTRODUCTION
The Coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) is a major global
health crisis of our time. The Global Pandemic is caused by
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-
CoV). The first case was identified in Wuhan, China in
December 2019. As of April 2021, nearly 150 Million cases
have been confirmed with more than 3.15 million deaths, thus
making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history.
COVID-19 is generally transmitted through respiratory
route when an infected person sneezes, talks, coughs, or
breaths. The 2nd wave of transmission has affected many
countries and it will take time to vaccinate every citizen
because of the limited supply of vaccine. The only way to fight
with this situation is to reduce the rate of transmission of Covid-
19. This can be achieved by using Personal Protective
Equipment.
A Face shield is an item of personal protective equipment
(PPE) can be used to protect from various air-borne
infections/diseases. Although face masks are widely used to
protect from transmission by the individuals, it has certain
limitations that can be eliminated by using Face Shield.
Face shields have several advantages over face masks.
They are comfortable to wear and cause less suffocation. Face
shields protect the important portals of virus entry and reduce
the risk of transmission preventing the wearer from touching
their face.
In a study, face shields were shown to reduce the
immediate viral exposure when worn by a health care worker
within 18 inches of a cough by 96%. Even after 30 minutes, the
protective effect exceeded 80% and face shields blocked 68%
of small particle aerosols. The efficiency of face shields on
preventing the transmission ranges from 68%-96% depending
upon various face shields and various condition of testing.
Face shields which is a part of PPE are used by frontline
health care workers for prevention as well as to not transmit it
as carries to others. Since Corona Pandemic has started, many
innovations in the design of Face shield are available to avoid
transmission of infection. All fast innovations come with their
own advantages and disadvantages. In this research, we thought
of developing innovative designs which will improve the
popularity of Face shield as a PPE and provide better Aesthetic
values without compromising the safety of wearer.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Face shields have become widely popular during this
pandemic situation. Many research papers have been put up
during these times regarding the analysis of face shields, design
of face shields, manufacturing of face shields, disinfecting of
face shields and its use in medical fields, material substitute for
plastic, etc. Many such papers have been put up. Some research
papers which were related to our study were studied.
Raymond J. Roberge [1]in his article provided the reader
with a review of the use of face shields for infection control
purposes and assistance in the selection and proper utilization
of types of PPE. he gave proper review about the use of face
shields for infection control purposes, design and structure,
selection and guidelines for its proper usage. He suggested that
face shields cannot be used solitary for face protection, but
rather as adjunctive to other PPE. But he didn’t provide any
review on what changes could be done so as it can be used as
sole protective equipment.
 Dina Amin, Nam Nguyen, Steven M. Roser, and Shelly
Abramowicz, [2] used specific 3D printing materials consisting
of a 3D printer and polylactic acid filaments. Information about
the materials, workflow, time required, cost, maintenance is
briefly specified in their study. 3D Printing of the frame is
briefed specified in their research but No information is
provided about the visor clearly.
Mubarak M. Khan and Sapna R. Parab [3]thought of
putting down simple guidelines for new emerging face shield
use. But Sterility of face shields is roughly specified. Also,
description of sterility and its prolonged effects is not given.
Reshma Y. Siddique, Amit Agrawal, Suhas S. Joshi
[4]during their research studied various causes of transmission
of COVID-19 with a brief discussion on structural protein
present in the virus. Both hydrophobicity as well as decreasing
stability of virus on surface of face shield was considered.
Saidy Vasconez, Noguera, Evelyn Patrícia, Sanchez
Espinoza, Marina Farrel Cortes, Izabel Cristina Vilela Oshiro
[5]assessed the disinfection by using 70% ethanol, H2O2-
quaternary ammonium salt mixture, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite.
Also, the autoclaving of four 3D-printed face shields having
different designs, visor materials and thickness (0.5-0.75 mm)
were assessed. It was observed that the autoclaving caused
appreciable damage.
Satyam Chaturvedi, Amartya Gupta, Vimal Krishnan, Anil
K. Bhat [6] assessed the efficacy of an in-house developed face
shield based on feedback by HCWs and its usage in triaging
zones and operation theatre in a tertiary care hospital. The
overall mean score achieved based on 37 HCWs feedback was
7.92 out of 10. They observed that The PVC film visors were
better for airway management procedures as it can be tucked
into PPE suit and visors with overhead projector sheets were
suitable for ICU and operative procedures.
Erik Westphal, Robert Mau, Tim dreler, Hermann Seltz
[7]manufactured same face shield by using FDM and SLA and
compared those to determine effective manufacturing
processes. They found that FDM could be beneficial for ready-
to-use frames with low production costs, less irregularities with
good quality whereas SLA required a post-processing but
offered a smooth and easy to clean surfaces
Priscila R. Armijo, Nicholas W. Markin, Scott Nguyen,
Dao H. Ho, Timothy S. Horseman, Steven J. Lisco, Alicia M.
Schiller [8]evaluated the effectiveness of the decontamination
protocol, they inoculated bacterial suspensions of E. coli and S.
aureus on to the face shield components, performed the
decontamination procedure, and finally swabbed and
enumerated organisms onto plates that were incubated for 12-
24 hours.
Sunwoo E. Lee [9]tried to provide an environmentally
friendly face shield option by using Cellulose Acetate which is
biodegradable in nature. Since The common materials used in
face shield are environmental unfriendly which causes
accumulation of plastic waste. CA decomposes safely in
environment but have low hydrophobicity.
Vincent Lemarteleur, Vincent Fouquet, Stephane Le Goff,
Laurent Tapie, Pascal Morenton, Aurelie Benoit, Elsa Vennat
[10] concluded that by considering the shortage of protective
equipment in pandemic situation, an interdisciplinary
consortium involving practitioners, researchers, engineers, and
technicians should be developed and should manufacture
thousands of inexpensive 3D-printed face shields, inside
hospital setting.
Siddhartha Verma, Manhar Dhanak [11]during their
research studied about the Effectiveness of face shields and
masks equipped with exhalation ports in mitigating the spread
of exhaled respiratory droplets. They observed that face shields
are able to block the initial forward motion of droplets, but
these aerosolized droplets expelled with jet are able to move
around the visor. They compared the droplet dispersal from a
regular N95-rated face mask as well as an exhale valve. They
observed that the exhalation port reduces the effectiveness of
the mask since large number of droplets pass through the valve
unfiltered. They concluded that the Face shields impede the
forward motion of the droplets to some extent, and masks with
valves do so to an even lesser extent.
A. Ronen, H. Rotter, S. Elisha, S. Sevilia, B. Parizer, N.
Hafif, A. Manor [12]together conducted an experiment in a
controlled space where the event of sneezing/coughing was
recreated using a diffuser, mechanical breathing machine,
manikin head and some droplet sensitive papers. The manikin
head was covered by a face shield and kept in front of the
diffuser and tests were conducted. Droplet sensitive papers
were sticked on the manikin face to check the distribution of
aerosol droplets. The measurements assess the blocking
efficiency against inhaled fine particles. Orientations were also
between the diffuser and manikin head which showed
differences in droplet distribution. Comparison between the
results of face masks and shields were done to show why face
shields were a better alternative with respect to safety.
III. METHODOLOGY
The main idea of our research was to analyze the existing
face shields and to design new face shield prototypes with
enhanced performance and quality mainly emphasizing the
ongoing COVID-19 situation.
The plan of action which we incorporated during the
course of research was as follows:
1)Research: To understand our project more clearly, we
decided to conduct a thorough research about Face shield. For
this, we studied different research papers available, related to
Face shield and analyzed its relevancy with respect to our
project. After that we documented our research analysis in the
form of literature review.
 2)Data collection: We further decided to investigate the IV. SURVEY FINDINGS
performance characteristic of face shield available in the
market by conducting an online survey to collect the feedback A. About Survey
of people currently using face shield. Also, we ourselves used
some face shields available in the market to understand the To understand and analyse the existing models of Face
experience of using face shield for a longer time. All this data shield thoroughly, we decided to conduct an online survey
is documented for our reference. related to the customers experience about the models of face
shield available in the market. The survey was conducted via
3)Determination of Design parameters: After conducting online mode with the help of Google Form application. In this
the research and collecting data in the form of survey responses, survey, we asked people to rate their experience for the
we identified the parameters and issues affecting the performance of face shield with respect to some of the
performance of face shield. All those parameters are listed characteristic properties.
down.
The characteristic properties which we considered for the
4)Modelling: Once all the parameters were identified, we study are listed below:
decided to focus our project to improve certain parameters.
Again, various existing models and guidelines are studied to 1. Safety
determine the basic dimensions of face shield. The modelling 2. Comfort
of prototypes is done with the help of 3D modelling software. 3. Visibility
4. Aesthetics
5)Comparing these models with the models available in the 5. Cost Effective
market: To improve our design, the prototypes which we 6. Lifetime
prepared during the course of research are compared with the
existing models available in the market. During the Also, we asked them certain general questions about their
comparison, the prototypes are investigated for their age group, profession and types of PPE kits they have used for
advantages and limitations over the existing models. their protection against COVID-19. We provided a section
where they can provide their suggestions to improve the
6)Analysis of models: The models are further analyzed to performance of face shield. The total number of responses
study their behavior with respect to different materials. which we received by the survey conducted online was 351.
We stored all these responses in the form of Google
7)Fabrication: Based on the data which we have collected,
spreadsheet. The survey provided us an overview about the
a suitable model can be selected as a better alternative and can
Face shield performance satisfaction.
be fabricated. Whereas remaining prototypes can be further
analyzed to improve their performance. B. Analysis of the survey

Among the different types of protective equipment, face

shields were used by only 22.8% of the participants and
surprisingly the percentage of facemask user was not 100%
though it was mandatory while stepping outside our premises.

Figure 2 Equipment Distribution

The trend between the parameters and the satisfaction

shows that “okay” and “good” dominated over the other
satisfaction remarks which indicates that the product needs
some improvement to reach higher satisfaction remarks.
Figure 1 Flowchart of plan of action
 TABLE 1 1) Most of the existing face shield model causes Suffocation
SATISFACTION REMARK
because of their face tight structure.

2) In most of the models available in the market, less space is

Parameter Satisfaction Remark provided between visor and the face which causes imbalance
for the people wearing specs.
(In Percentage %)
3) Sweating near the region of attachment because of the
Poor Okay Good Very Excel compact nature.
Good lent 4) Most of the face shield comes with adjustable elastic straps
which can cause skin marks and irritation when used regularly
Safety 5 18 40 29 8 for longer time.

5) The current models which are available in market have less

Comfort 15 38 30 9 8 Variety in terms of its structure and Aesthetic.

6) Face shield has a very limited acceptance as an effective

Visibility 7 30 35 19 9 PPE kit as compared to face mask though it provides better
safety in some parameters.
Aesthetics 8 33 39 15 5 V. DESIGN, FABRICATION and CALCULATION

A survey was conducted online to note down the responses

Cost 6 24 40 18 12 of people using the PPE kit. This survey had about 350+
effective responses on what people observe/come across when using face
shields. This survey was conducted to know about the problems
which people face when using these face shields. The
Lifetime 25 29 25 15 6
parameters which were mentioned in the survey were
aesthetics, comfort level, costs.
Based on the observations which we received through the
Also, from the survey it was indicated that majority of survey conducted with the help of google form, we decided to
the people (65.8%) will prefer face shield which are cheaper in focus on some of the issues faced by users while using Face
price. Still, we observed that there are nearly 34.2% of people shield. Our main aim was to develop some prototypes of face
who can prefer face shield which are costly for better shield which will help to minimise the issues faced by wearer.
performance and safety. To make our project more comprehensive we decided to target
some selected issues and come with some improvised solutions.
The challenges which we decided to work on are,
1) To improve the aesthetic value of face shield by providing
some user-friendly options
2) To manage proper distance between visor and face so that
there will not be any inconvenience for people wearing
spectacles
3) To improve the comfort level of face shield.

Figure 3 Money Trend A. Selection of Software

C. Survey Outlines
Based on the feedback which we have collected with the
help of survey, we came across some of the common issued
which are faced by users wearing the face shields.
We have listed down those issues as follows:
For the designing and modelling of our Face shield
prototypes we decided to take help of Computer Aided Design
(CAD) and Computer Aided Engineering (CAE). For 3D
modelling with the help of CAD, there are various software
available in the market. We decided to use SOLIDWORKS
developed by Dassault Systèmes.
 SolidWorks uses parametric feature-based approach to
create models and assemblies. Parameters are the constraints
whose values defines the shape or geometry of the 3D model.
The parameters can be in the form of numeric (constraints like
diameter, width etc.) or can be geometric (parallel, concentric,
etc.) in nature. In SolidWorks, geometry mostly created with
the help of 2D sketches which are then converted into 3D
models with the help of various features provided.
A plastic frame rigidly attached to the roof of the cap at a
sufficient distance from the forehead to make it suitable for
people with spectacles as well as comfort. This frame has
protruded on the outer surface where the transparent sheet will
be attached. This sheet is easily removable as well as
replaceable which counts as its feature. In such a design there
is huge scope of variations in terms of design like it can be made
for any cap design with slightest of alterations.

B. Modelling of Prototypes

Modelling of the prototype was the crucial job of this

project. The SolidWorks version which we have used is
SolidWorks 2016. The Unit system which we have used is
MMGS. The shield plate and visors are separately modelled as
a part and then assembled to form a shield. Before beginning
the modelling of the prototypes, it was necessary to study the
dimensions as well as guidelines so that the prototypes will be
technically correct. We decided to take a reference of basic face
shield available in the market for precise dimensions.
Figure 4. 3D Model of Cap Shield
C. Guidelines and References
2)Sports shield
The guidelines provided by World Health Organisation for
Face Shield in filovirus disease outbreak are as follows:[13] The cap design is a good option to wear but provided the
user is not into dynamic activities and if so, there is this sports
1) Made of clear plastic and provides good visibility to both
design. The emphasis of the sports design is for people who will
wearer and the patient.
be involved in various kinds of physical activities like athletics,
2) Adjustable band to allow good fit around the head and snug
jogging, exercising, volunteer activities etc. Keeping in mind
fit against the forehead.
these scenarios this design has a fastening belt, rigid shield
3) Fog-resistant (preferable).
hinge which will hold the sheet fixed at any angle and it has
4) Completely covers the sides and length of the face.
considerations for sweating as well.
5) May be reusable (made of material that can be cleaned and
disinfected) or disposable. During physical activities our breath speed naturally
6) Quality compliant with standards: increases which brings high possibility of fogging which would
EU standard directive 86/686/EEC, EN 166/2002, or not be acceptable so to deal with it, the shield sheets in this
ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2010 or equivalent design will be provided with anti-fogging coating on the inner
side. Variety in design for these shields would be in terms of
We have also used a document shared by Apple to develop
colour of the helmet.
the face shield as a reference for the dimensions.

D. Prototypes

The detailed description about these four models is as

follows.
1)Cap shield

As our focus was concentrated on aesthetics of our face

shield, we started looking for the various kinds of head
accessories which are currently accepted and used by the
people. The most widely used is a cap which is usually used for
sun protection and has been also seen as a part of dressing. So,
if a face shield is made in the form of a cap, it would have more
tendency of people wearing it and accordingly this cap design Figure 5. 3D Model of Sports Shield
was made.
 3)Theme Shield E. Calculation

The primary reason behind the low acceptance of face We decided to study the behaviour of each prototype if
shields is its plane theme. Also, in order to make school going different materials are used to manufacture these prototypes.
children wear any face shield, giving it some kind of theme may Our primary focus during this study was visor and shield plate.
help to increase the use of face shield in children with increased We have performed the Mass property calculation with the help
safety. So, focusing on the school going children and even of SolidWorks by assigning 3 different materials to visor and
college student various kinds of themes can be provided to a shield plate. We assigned the same three materials to all the four
face shield ranging from cartoons to music band logos, prototypes. The materials which we considered for this
signature athlete logos, brands and many more. Themes can be investigation are as follows:
incorporated in the face shield without compromising on the
1. Acrylic
safety aspect.
Properties: Excellent clarity, Lightweight, Good impact
resistance, Outstanding thermal insulator, UV resistant,
Easy to heat-form.
2. Polycarbonate (PC)
Properties: High Impact strength, Optical clarity, Heat
Resistant, Light weight, Protection from UV rays
3. Polyethylene (PE)
Properties: Economical, Low co-efficient of friction,
Excellent chemical resistance, Stable in cryogenic
environments, Good impact resistance
TABLE 2
MASS PROPERTIES OF CAP SHIELD
Parameters Material 1 Material 2 Material 3

Figure 6. 3D Model of Batman theme Shield

Cap Nylon 6/10 Nylon 6/10 Nylon 6/10

4)Formal Shield Frame Acrylic Polycarbonate (PC) Polyethylene (PE)

(Medium - High Impact) (High Viscosity) (High Density)

Themed face shields are not suitable for working Visor Acrylic Polycarbonate (PC) Polyethylene (PE)
professionals, for them a plane theme is good but the plane (Medium - High Impact) (High Viscosity) (High Density)
theme face shield available in the market has a lot of
Mass 316.75 g 315.13 g 276.64 g
limitations, so this design is a slightly modified version of the
conventional face shield. The changes are that it has a Volume 249358.01 mm³ 249358.01 mm³ 249358.01 mm³
cushioned boundary which rests on the face. There is the scope
Surface Area 294722.28 mm² 294722.28 mm² 294722.28 mm²
of adding filters to this design. The sheet used is hard in nature.

TABLE 3
MASS PROPERTIES OF SPORTS SHIELD
Parameters Material 1 Material 2 Material 3

Helmet Polystyrene (PS) Polystyrene (PS) Polystyrene (PS)

(High Impact) (High Impact) (High Impact)

Strap Nylon Nylon Nylon

Visor Acrylic Polycarbonate (PC) Polyethylene (PE)

(Medium - High Impact) (High Viscosity) (High Density)

Mass 2495.65 g 2492.52 g 2447.73 g

Volume 2279597.59 mm³ 2279597.59 mm³ 2279597.59 mm³

Surface Area 403718.55 mm² 403718.55 mm² 403718.55 mm²

Figure 7 3D Model of Formal Shield

 TABLE 4 1. Cap Shield
MASS PROPERTIES OF THEME SHIELD
Parameters Material 1 Material 2 Material 3 Advantages of this design:
• Since it is in the form of a cap it is very stable over the
Batman Cap Polystyrene (PS) Polystyrene (PS) Polystyrene (PS)
head.
(High Impact) (High Impact) (High Impact)
• With only the frame and sheet being extra components
Frame Acrylic Polycarbonate (PC) Polyethylene (PE) that too of plastic it will make the overall shield lighter
(Medium - High Impact) (High Viscosity) (High Density)
than usual.
• A suitable distance is provided between the wearer’s
Visor Acrylic Polycarbonate (PC) Polyethylene (PE) face and the shield.
(Medium - High Impact) (High Viscosity) (High Density) • As there are no straps involved the issue of skin marks
is absent.
• Because of the standardization the shield sheets are
Mass 1208.75 g 1206.25 g 1146.77 g

Volume 1091446.19 mm³ 1091446.19 mm³ 1091446.19 mm³ easily replaceable and can be sanitized easily.
• As cap is a major part of the shield, the shield also
Surface Area 298588.60 mm² 298588.60 mm² 298588.60 mm² helps protection against sunlight.
Limitations of this design:
• Wearing the cap becomes mandatory.
TABLE 5 • Moderate design variations would be required as cap
MASS PROPERTIES OF FORMAL SHIELD size changes.
Parameters Material 1 Material 2 Material 3 • The limitation of cap i.e., blind spot at top is present.
Frame Acrylic Polycarbonate (PC) Polyethylene (PE)
2. Sports Shield
(Medium - High Impact) (High Viscosity) (High Density)

Mass 376.88 g 373.74 g 298.99 g

Advantages of this design:
• It is one of its kind of face shield which is specially
Volume 314064.78 mm³ 314064.78 mm³ 314064.78 mm³ designed for athletes and sports enthusiast.
• This design is stable even during high physical
Surface Area 176126.88 mm² 176126.88 mm² 176126.88 mm²
movements.
• Because of the rigid Hinges it provides the option of
multiple orientation of the transparent region as per
VI. RESULT and DISCUSSION requirement.
Limitations of this design:
The survey conducted by us highlighted the parameters • Because of its required strength and rigidity, it has
which affects the use of face shields among people. Those considerable weight.
parameters were listed down and were taken into consideration • As physical activities result in heavy breathing,
while designing different face shield prototypes. It was obvious fogging on face shields can be an issue.
that solutions for all the problems related to face shields were • The transparent sheet of this face shield is not
difficult to be incorporated within a single design, so multiple replaceable.
prototypes of face shields were designed to tackle different • Because of the straps there are chances of skin marks.
problems. The parameters which were taken into consideration
were Aesthetics, comfort, distance between face and visor and 3. Theme Design
adjustment.
Advantage of this design:
Each prototype tried to tackle most problems listed but • It paves the way for themed face shields especially for
then it may have lacked in other problematic parameters. These children.
designs were thereby combined, and 4 designs were finalized. • Depending on their designs, shields can be adjusted
We decide to compare our prototypes with the basic models for fitting.
available in the market to investigate which problems are • It will more likely have a higher number of buyers
successfully tackled and where our prototypes lack as compare than plane themes.
to standard face shield. Limitations of this design:
• It has straps around the head the conventional problem
A. Comparison of developed design with available
of marks, sweating may occur.
models
• Themed face shields may not be as per everybody’s
The detailed discussion of our investigation is presented in the liking.
form of advantages and limitations.
4. Formal Design
Advantage of this design:
• It has a professional and a decent look.
• The face is fully covered and there are no blind spots.
• There is the scope of adding filters and it can be highly
adjustable.
Limitations of this design:
• Without filters there is a chance of suffocation.
• There is a probability of causing skin marks.
• The transparent sheet for this kind of face shield can
be expensive.
B. Observations made from mass property calculation
The Face shields which are available in the market are
made up of various materials for example: Polyethylene (PE),
Polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic, etc.
These materials tend to differ from each other in their
properties. The designed four different face shields were tested
for three different materials and their mass properties are
calculated. Following observations were therefore noted:
1. Cap Shield
Cap Shield was analysed for three different materials for
its frame and visor. The difference was observed in mass of the
shield when having components of different materials. The
Face Shield with Acrylic (316.75 g) weighs the most as
compared to others and the one with Polyethylene (276.64 g)
weighs the least whereas the mass of cap shield with
polycarbonate (315.13 g) weighs slightly less than that of
acrylic. Also as compared to other three prototypes which we
have designed, Cap shield has the least mass.
2. Helmet Shield
Polystyrene (PS) material is used for the helmet part of the
face shield. The strap of the face shield is made up of Nylon.
For the visor of the shield, three materials are considered. It is
observed that mass of face shield with acrylic visor weighs the
most (2495.65 g) and that with Polyethylene visor weighs the
least (2447.73 g) whereas the Face Shield with Polycarbonate
(2492.52 g) visor weights slightly less than that of acrylic.
When compared with other three prototypes, Helmet shield
weighs the most.
3. Theme Shield
For the visor and the frame of the face shields, three
different materials used for analysis. The difference was seen
in the masses of the shield. Very less difference in masses was
observed for face shield made from material Acrylic (1208.75
g) and that of Polycarbonate (1206.25 g). The face shield
weighing the most is of Acrylic (1208.75 g) and the least
weighing is of Polyethylene (1146.77 g). As compared to other
3 prototypes the mass of theme shield is moderate and may vary
from theme to theme.
4. Formal shield
The face shield which weighs the most was of Acrylic
(376.88 g) and that weighing the least is of Polyethylene
(298.99 g). A slight difference is seen in the mass of face shield
with material Acrylic (376.88 g) and Polycarbonate (373.74 g).
When compared with other prototypes, formal shield has less
mass as compared to helmet shield and theme shield and nearby
to cap shield.
VII. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
During this research, we tried to investigate the difficulties
faced by individuals while wearing the Face shield for a longer
time. This investigation is conducted with the help of online
survey and responses are received from users. Based on this
survey, the major problems affecting the performance of shield
are identified and an attempt is done to develop four different
designs which will help to eliminate these issues. Further we
compared these designs with the basic model available in the
market. We observed that despite of certain limitations, our
designs have tackled majority of difficulties which we decided
to focus on. We further analysed our model to check their
behaviour once different materials are assigned to them. We
observed that though Polyethylene models are light weight and
more economical, still there isn’t much difference between the
weights of models with Polycarbonate or Acrylic which will
also impart good impact resistance and optical clarity. So, we
can consider Polycarbonate or Acrylic for better performance
during fabrication. Also, among the four different type of
prototypes Cap shield and formal face shield are light weight
while the theme and sports shield are relatively heavy. Further
attempts can be made reduce the limitations which we
encountered during the comparison.
As new mutations of the virus surfaces, which renders the
cloth masks and even the surgical masks unsafe, face shields
come up as a better alternative hence the upgradation of face
shield design is important. Also as discussed in a few research
papers above, face shields are marginally better than face masks
but due to lack of aesthetic innovation it is lagging from being
the first choice of safety equipment against the viruses. With
the design proposals made in this project we intend to pave the
way towards development of aesthetically suited next
generation face shields.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our thanks to Principal Dr
Sandeep Joshi whose constant encouragement and support
inspired us to do our best. We like to thank our Head of
Department Dr D.P. Tambuskar and Automobile’s Head of
Department Dr Divya Padmanabhan, for sharing pearls of
wisdom with us during the course of project.
We would like to express our thanks our Guide, Dr Priam
Pillai and Co-guide Prof. Ameya Nijasure for being ever
supportive and helpful. They always pushed us to do better and
showed immense faith in us. Additionally, we would like to
thank Prof. G.N. Thokal and Dr Richa Agrawal foe clearing our
doubts.
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