ASSIGNMENT 1

MATR 2311 Fundamentals of Materials Engineering

Scope: Phase Diagram and Phase Transformation
DEADLINE: Monday, 17 January 2022

Nurul Syafiqah 2010434

1. Fig. 1 shows the phase diagram of lead-tin alloy. For a 30 wt% Sn – 70 wt% Pb alloy at
150 oC:

(a) Cite the phases that are present (1)

𝛼+𝛽
(b) Phase compositions for each phase. (2)
𝑪𝛼 = 10𝑤𝑡% 𝑆𝑛 90𝑤𝑡%𝑃𝑏
𝑪𝛽 = 98𝑤𝑡% 𝑆𝑛 2𝑤𝑡% 𝑃𝑏
(c) Relative amounts (weight percent) of the phases in the alloy. (3)
𝑊𝛼 =
= = 0.773

𝑊𝛽 =
= = 0.227
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Fig. 1 Lead-tin phase diagram
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2. A 1.5-kg specimen of a 90 wt% Pb–10 wt% Sn alloy is heated to 250oC; at this temperature it
is entirely an α-phase solid solution (refer to Fig. 1). This alloy is to be melted to the extent
that 50% of the specimen is liquid, and the remainder being the α phase. This may be
accomplished either by heating the alloy or changing its composition while holding the
temperature constant.

(a) To what temperature must the specimen be heated? (1)

290℃
(b) How much tin must be added to the 1.5-kg specimen at 250 oC to achieve this state? (4)
Cα = 14 wt% Sn-86 wt% Pb
CL = 34 wt% Sn-66 wt% Pb
𝑊𝛼 = 𝑤𝐿 = 0.5 =
𝐶𝑜 = 24𝑤𝑡%𝑆𝑛

3. For a 90 wt% Sn – 10 wt% Pb alloy, make schematic sketches of the microstructure that would be
observed for conditions of very slow cooling at the following temperatures: 300oC, 200oC, and
100oC. Label all phases and indicate their approximate compositions. (5)
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4. Briefly describe why, upon solidification, an alloy of eutectic composition forms a microstructure
consisting of alternating layers of the two solid phases. (4)
- As atomic diffusion occur during solidification, a eutectic alloy produces a microstructure
consisting of alternating layers of the two solid phases. With this layered configuration, the
atoms' diffusion path length is reduced.

5. Fig. 2 shows a portion of the titanium–copper phase diagram for which only single-phase regions
are labeled. Indicate on the figure all points at which eutectics, eutectoids, and peritectic occur.
Also, write the reaction upon cooling for each point in your answer paper. (6)

Fig. 2 Titanium – copper phase diagram

-For the eutectics phase diagram, the reaction occurs at 950℃ on 51wt%Cu + 49wt%Ti
L → Ti2Cu + TiCu
-For the eutectoids phase diagram, the reaction occurs at 780℃ on 5wt%Cu+ 95wt%Ti
𝛽 → 𝛼+ Ti2Cu
-For the peritectic phase diagram, the reaction occurs at 1005℃ on 41.5wt%Cu+
58.5wt%Ti
𝛽 + L→ Ti2Cu

6. Iron – iron carbide phase diagram is shown in Fig. 3. Consider 1.0 kg of austenite containing 1.15
wt% C, cooled to below 725oC.

(a) What is the proeutectoid phase? (1)

-Proeutectoid phase occurs at 1.15wt%C as it is more than the eutectoid which is 0.76wt%C

(b) How many kilograms each of total ferrite and cementite form? (3)
. .
WFe3C= . .
= 0.169
1Kg (0.169) = 0.169 Kg
. .
W𝛼 = . .
= 0.83
1Kg (0.83) = 0.83Kg
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(c) How many kilograms each of pearlite and the proeutectoid phase form? (3)
. .
Wpearlite= . .
= 0.93
1Kg (0.93) = 0.93 Kg
. .
W𝐹𝑒3𝐶′ = . .
= 0.066
1Kg (0.066) = 0.066Kg

(d) Schematically sketch and label the resulting microstructure. (2)

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Fig. 3 Iron – iron carbide phase diagram

7. Fig. 4 shows the isothermal transformation diagram for a 1.13 wt% C steel alloy. Referring to this
figure, determine the final microstructure of a small specimen that has been subjected to the
following time–temperature treatments. In each case assume that the specimen begins at 920oC
and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and
homogeneous austenitic structure.

(a) Rapidly cool to 750oC, hold for 500 s, then quench to room temperature.

During this phase the specimen are austinite and proeutectoid cementite

(b) Rapidly cool to 400oC, hold for 500 s, then quench to room temperature.
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During this phase it is 50% austenite and 50% bainite.

(c) Rapidly cool to 600oC, hold at this temperature for 1 s, rapidly cool to 400oC, hold for 25 s,
then quench to room temperature.

During this phase, it is austenite, pearlite, and proeutectoid cementite.

(d) Rapidly cool to 375oC, hold for 100 s, then quench to room temperature.

On this phase it is pearlite and martensite

(e) Rapidly cool to 675oC, hold for 7 s, then quench to room temperature.
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During this phase there is pearlite

(f) Rapidly cool to 600oC, hold at this temperature for 10 s, rapidly cool to 450oC, hold at this
temperature for 4 s, then quench to room temperature.

On this phase, there are pearlite, austenite and bainite

(6 × 1.5)
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Fig. 4 Isothermal transformation diagram for a 1.13 wt% C iron–carbon alloy: A, austenite; B,
bainite; C, proeutectoid cementite; M, martensite; P, pearlite.

8. Fig. 5 shows the continuous cooling transformation diagram for a 1.13 wt% C iron – carbon alloy.
On this figure, sketch, and label continuous cooling curves to yield the following microstructures:
(a) Fine pearlite and proeutectoid cementite
(b) Martensite and proeutectoid cementite
(c) Coarse pearlite and proeutectoid cementite
(d) Martensite, fine pearlite, and proeutectoid cementite
(4 × 1.5)

Fig. 5 Continuous cooling transformation diagram for a 1.13 wt% C iron–carbon alloy.
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