Process

Fundamentals
A. Documents required
1. Plans and Specifications
2. Bid Bulletins
3. Bid ProposalsForms
4. Addenda
5. Other Documents
5.1 National Building Code
5.2 United Architects of the Philippines
5.3 Red Book (General Specification for Roads and
Bridges)
5.4 City/Municipal Ordinance
 Costs Involved
1. Indirect Costs – are overhead items or costs
incurred for the benefit of more than one project
(Mulcahy, 2013)
1.1 Building and Occupancy Permits
1.1.1 Construction Permit
1.1.2 Sidewalk Permit
1.1.3 Line and Grade
1.1.4 Land Use and Zoning
1.1.5 Fire Safety Permit
1.1.6 Occupancy Permit
1.1.7 Miscellaneous
 Costs Involved
1.2 Insurances and Bonds Premiums
1.2.1 Bid Bonds – 5% to 10% of Total Cost
1.2.2 Performance Bond – 20% of Total Cost
1.2.3 Guarantee Bond – 25% of Total Cost
Premium = Total Cost x 25% x .004
1.2.4 All-Risk Insurance – 100% of Total Cost
Premium = Total Cost x .004
1.3 Value-Added Tax
 Costs Involved
1.4 Overhead and Supervision
1.4.1 Salaries and Wages of Staff
1.4.2 Office Supplies
1.4.3 Small and Light Tools and Equipment
1.4.4 Fuel, Oil and Lubricants
1.4.5 Maintenance of Equipment
1.4.6 Temporary Field Office and Warehouse
1.4.7 Power, Electric and Water Consumption
1.4.8 Employees’ Welfare (SSS, Medicare & ECC)
andRepresentation
 Costs Involved
2. Direct Costs – are directly attributable to the
work on the project.

2.1 Mobilization
2.1.1 Site Preparation
2.1.2 Layout
 Costs Involved
2.2 Earthworks
2.2.1 Excavation
2.2.1.1 Machine
2.2.1.2 Manual
2.2.2 Backfilling and Compaction
2.2.3 Grave Fill
2.2.4 Disposal of Excess Excavated Materials
2.2.5 Soil Poisoning
 Costs Involved
2.3 Structural Works
2.3.1 Concreting – From Foundation to Upper
Floors (Volume CM)
2.3.2 Reinforcing Bars (KGS)
Structural Grade, Intermediate, Hard Grade
2.3.3 Formworks – Contact Area (CM)
2.3.4 Post Tensioning
 Costs Involved
2.4 Masonry Works
2.4.1 Laying of Concrete Hollow Blocks
2.4.2 Stiffeners of Lintel Beams and Columns
 Costs Involved
2.5 Architectural Finishes
2.5.1 Wall Finishes
2.5.2 Ceiling Finishes
2.5.3 Floor Finishes
2.5.4 Doors and Windows
2.5.5 Carpentry
2.5.5.1 Closets and Cabinets
2.5.5.2 Wooden Handrail
2.5.6 Glass and Glazing
2.5.7 Finishing Hardwares
2.5.7.1 Locksets
2.5.7.2 Hinges
2.5.7.3 Door Closer
2.5.7.4 Cabinet Full, Hinge and Handle
2.5.8 Painting and Varnishing
2.5.9 Waterproofing
2.5.10 Roofing Works
2.5.11 Ventilation Works
2.5.12 Miscellaneous
 Costs Involved
2.6 Plumbing Works
2.6.1 Roughing - In - Sanitary and Water Line
2.6.2 Fixtures and Pumps
2.6.3 Fire Protection
2.7 Electrical Works
2.7.1 Roughing - In - Conduits
2.7.2 Wires and Cables, Equipment
2.7.3 Lighting Fixtures
2.7.4 Motors, Etc.
2.8 Mechanical Works
2.8.1 Elevator, Escalator
2.8.2 Air Conditioning