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Midterm Study Guide (OMND 7070) (WK 1-5)
Midterm Study Guide (OMND 7070) (WK 1-5)
Common Cold
Common cold is an exogenous ailment characterized by the following main manifestations: nasal obstruction, runny nose, sneezing, cough, chills and fever. It
occurs in all 4 seasons, esp. winter and spring.
Etiology and Pathogenesis
The basic pathological change of common cold is attack of the exterior of the body by EPF which causes dysfxn of Wei Qi (defensive Qi) and the lungs
Qi. Lu Qi controls & is the only organ directly related to Wei Qi. Wei Qi controls & circulates under the skin. Skin protects against EPF. EPF attacks through the skin by causing
Wei Qi blockage
Fever & chills/cold
o Next, your throat is attacked. Lu is the only organ that opens to the envm b/c lung opens to the nose and the meridian goes through the throat.
o Disperse and descend Sx: runny/stuffy nose, sneeze, nasty voice, itchy sore throat, swollen tongue, cough with mucus
Block collateral (smaller meridians that are branches of the channels under your skin) body aches, neck tightness
External cause (excess): Wind-Cold, Wind-Heat, Invasion of Summer Heat (damp)
Internal cause: Constitution, overwork, irregular life habit
Tx: remove/expel pathogen and normalize Wei Qi & Lung Qi. Strength/tonify the Xu (Qi, blood, yin, etc.)
Common points for all: Du 14, GB 20, LI4
3 criteria for external pathogenic conditions: aversion to cold w/fever, thin tongue coating, & superficial/floating pulse
Note: Invasion by dryness w/ cold or heat in the fall can be treated using principle of wind cold & wind heat.
Manifestation SxS Tongue & Pulse Tx Principle Acupoints
Severe aversion to cold Thin and white coating Disperse wind cold to relieve the exterior 1. Du 14 #1 choice. Tonifies defensive
Mild fever Superficial and tense syndrome or pathogen. Wei Qi and nutritive Ying Qi
Anhidrosis (inability to sweat) pulse Promote dispersing action of the Lung Qi 2. GB 20 Common for wind heat &
(& Wei Qi). cold and other external pathogen.
HA: Yin Tang, Tai Yang, Du20
3. LI 4 (Yuan Source Point, Command Point of
Wind Cold Soreness and pain of the limbs Clear ext. pathogen: Du14, GB20, UB12, SJ5, LI4 Face)
External Nasal obstruction: LI20, Bi Tong Balance Lung Qi: Lu7, Lu10 clears heat Promotes Sweating
Wei Qi: Du14, GB20, LI11 (clear heat) LI 4
(Heat cold; more sensitive to
Thin, running nose w/white 4. UB 12 wind
cold)
sputum 5. SJ 5 (Luo Connecting Point, Confluent Point of
Yang Wei)
Itching of the throat. Cough, 6. LU 7 (Luo Connecting Point, Command of Head
hoarse voice & Neck, Ren Confluent)
Sore Throat
Three organs that relate to the throat: lung, stomach, and kidney.
The throat is considered the gate of the lung and stomach.
Acute conditions are often due to excess patterns that cause
blockage of the throat, associated and/or affecting the lung and
stomach. Lu opens to envm through throat. ST involved w/swallowed foods.
The kidney meridians travel upward and pass through the throat
and terminate at the root of the tongue. Chronic conditions are
often due to Kidney Yin failing to nourish the throat.
Sore throat main manifestations are local redness, swelling,
pain and discomfort sensation in the throat.
Manifestation SxS Tongue & Pulse Tx Principle Acupoints
More severe fever than aversion to Red tongue proper with Clear wind heat from the throat and 1. GB 20 Common for wind heat & cold and
cold thin, yellow coating regulate Lu Qi. other external pathogen. can consider Du 14, SJ 5
HA and cough Floating, rapid pulse Acupoints are mainly from Lu and LI expels wind, LU 5, LU 10, LI 1 etc.
Cough, Breathlessness, Asthma Liver tongue = red; 1. UB 13 (Back Shu of Lung) + LU 1 (Front Mu Liver Fire
Liv pulse = wiry 4. GB 34 (He Sea Point, Influential Point of Tendons) Opens
Fullness and stuffiness and of Lung) + Ren 17: banish Lu Qi. Chest pain
chest – chest/hypochondriac pina, GB balances Liv Qi
depression of the chest and 2. LU 5 (He Sea Point) + LU 10 (Ying Spring
5. LIV 2 (Ying Spring Point) Powerful to clear Liv
Liv Fire Clear liver fire, sedate Point) Powerful to clear Lung Heat
hypochondrium Fire; pacifies wind
Attacking/Invading liver, descend Lu Qi, 3. LU 6 (Xi Cleft Point) Treats
Yellow or blood-tinged sputum 6. LIV 3 (Yuan Source Point, Shu Stream Point) Combine
Lu and stop cough Hemoptysis
Internal Little HA, Dizziness, Moodiness w/LIV 2, LI 4, GB 20, UB 2 to clear Liver Fire;
Liv disharmony: Liv 13 & 14 Smooth Liv Qi, Sedate Liv Yang
Thirst; Bitter taste 7. P 6 (Luo Connecting Point, Confluent Point of Yin Wei)
Scanty, dark urine; Constipation Clears fullness of chest. Opens chest, good for anger
Calm emotions: Du 20, YinTang
Feeble cough Pale tongue body with 1. UB 13 (Back Shu of Lu) 5. ST 36 (He Sea Point, Command Point of Abdomen) w/Sp 6,
2. UB 43 (Outer Shu of Pericardium) UB 20 to build Qi. Could moxa. Tonify (orig) Qi
Asthma aggravated after exertion thin-white coating
3. LU 1 (Front Mu of the Lung) Descend Lu & St Qi Powerful to tonify Lung Qi
Lu Qi Xu Thin, clear sputum Feeble pulse 6. Ren 6 (Sea of Qi) Tonify original Qi w/Ren 4
4. LU 9 (Yuan Source Point, Shu Stream Point,
Internal Spontaneous sweating Influential Point of Vessels) Transforms phlegm, 7. Ren 17 (Front Mu of Pericardium, Influential Point of Qi)
Low energy, low voice Tonify Lung Qi and stop tonify Lu Chest pain. Tonify Chest Qi
cough Lu pts: UB 13, Lu 1 & 9
SOB; Pale face Kid Qi: UB 23, K3 Sp 6, UB 20 to build up Qi. Could use moxa
Dry cough w/o sputum or w/scanty Red tongue, thin/no 1. UB 13 (Back Shu of Lu) 1. LU 1 (Front Mu of Lung) descend Lu & St Qi. w/Lu 9 to tonify
sputum coating 2. UB 43 (Outer Shu of Pc) w/Lu 1 and 9 tonify Lu Lu
Dryness of the nose& throat Thready & rapid pulse 3. SP 6 tonify yin, Sp & St 2. LU 5 (He Sea Point) phlegm, clear Lu heat
Tonifies Yin Xu 3. LU 6 (Xi Cleft Point) Treats Hemoptysis
Lu Yin Xu Sore throat Tonify lung Yin, nourish
4. KID 3 (Yuan Source Point, Shu Stream Point) 4. LU 10 (Ying Spring Point) clear heat
Internal Spitting blood or coughing blood body fluids, transform Tonify Kd Qi, Yin, essence, benefit Lu Lung points: UB13, Lu 1 & 9 Tonify Lu, transform phlegm
Afternoon fever phlegm, and stop 5. KID 6 (Confluent Point of the Yin Qiao) tonify Kd
yin, benefits Lu. w/Kid 2 clears def heat
Malar flush cough
6. UB 23 (Back Shu of Kif)
w/UB 43 100 taxation, Sp6, K7 (night sweats)
Headache
HA is a frequent symptom. Various acute and chronic diseases can induce it.
TCM: head is the place where all the yang meridians of the hand and foot meet. The qi and blood of the five zang organs and six fu organs, all flow upward to the head.
Attacks of endogenous or exogenous factors may cause HA d/t derangement of qi and blood in the head and retardation of circulation of qi in the meridians that transverse the
head.
3 Principle Acupoints for any Headache
Du 20 (all yang meridians meet here; opens all yang meridians)
Taiyang (helps block temple HA)
GB 20 (unblock all yang meridians & clear HA)
Case Analysis & Mgt I (Deng) 6
Sinus HA: GB 14 (frontal HA), Taiyang & Yuyao for occipital HA, UB2, ST2 (sinus HA), SI 18 (needle ꓕ)
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infection of the lung caused by tubercle bacilli.
In TCM, pulmonary tuberculosis is referred as Fei Lao, which is a type of “Deficient Consumption”. TCM pathology describes TB as the invasion of the lung by “Lao Chong”
(tubercle bacilli) with a background of deficiency of antipathogenic Qi.
The disease focuses primarily in the lungs but also involves the spleen and kidney.
Dry cough, Scanty sputum Deep red (crimson) tongue body, scanty fur Tonifies Lung
Dry mouth & throat (no coating) 1. LU 9 (Yuan Source Point, Shu Stream Point, Influential
Point of Vessels) Tonify Lu & Lu Yin
Hemoptysis, Hectic fires Thin and rapid pulse 2. UB 13 (Back Shu of Lung) w/Lu 1
Burning sensation in the palms and soles 3. UB 43 (Outer Shu of Pericardium) Obstruction of Lu,
Lung & Kidney Yin Xu
Night sweating, Emaciation Tonify Lu Qi. Moxa if there’s Yang Xu
Restlessness, Insomnia
Flushed cheeks
Seminal emissions, Irregular menstruations
Cough, Sputum with dark blood, SOB Pale and swollen tongue body Tonifies Sp & Kid
Intolerance to cold, Spontaneous sweating Feeble pulse 4. ST 36 (He Sea Point, Command Point of Abdomen)
Tonify Qi – reinforce immu system. Nourish Yin & blood
Spleen & Kidney Yang Xu Poor appetite, Diarrhea 5. SP 6 Tonify Yin
Emaciation, Impotence 6. KID 3 (Yuan Source Point, Shu Stream Point) Tonify
Hypomenorrhea or amenorrhea Yin
Eczema
Eczema, a common skin disease, is divided into acute and chronic types.
Acute eczema Chronic eczema
o Sudden onset of symmetric and polymorphic lesions in repeated attacks oTransformed from the acute type
o Accompanied by erythema, edema, vesiculation, oozing and intense itching. oRoughness of skin, dark red or gray color of skin in affected areas, scaled skin or
o When cured, it presents decrustation without any traces. lichen-like skin
oChronic eczema may often bring about acute attacks.
groups of blisters in a few days Slippery, rapid pulse This relates to the St Channel of Foot Use bleeding technique. Good for back pain
Yangming & the Sp Channel of Foot 2. DU 10 Located under T6, clears toxic heat from the skin
Clusters and flakes broken and from all 3 Jiao; bleed. Clears heat, detox, acne
Taiyin
Acute Eczema effused by scratching Clears Heat
Damp Heat Ulceration with local redness and 3. DU 14 can bleed
Excess
severe itching sensation 4. LI 4 (Yuan Source Point, Command Point of Face) Expels wind
5. LI 11 (He Sea Point, Ghost Point)
Clears Damp
6. SP 6 Tonify Sp & St, yin
7. SP 9 (He Sea Point) Regulate Sp, resolve damp, moves H2O
Lingering attacks of acute eczema of Pale tongue proper with Nourish blood & eliminate wind. 1. LIV 3 (Yuan Source Point, Shu Stream Point, Source pt of Liv)
skin less coating than normal This relates to the Liver Channel of Clears internal (liver) wind. Tonify Liv blood. Sedate
Chronic Foot- Jueyin and The Spleen Channel Liv yang
Dark gray skin color Rapid, thready (thin – blood
Eczema of Foot-Taiyin Nourishes Blood
Blood Xu Deep skin creases xu) pulse 2. SP 10 Sea of Blood Help blood circulate
causing Wind Clear-cut margins of the affected skin 3. UB 17 (Influential Point of Blood)
GB 20, SJ 5 to clear wind and stop itching
& Dryness
Blood Xu, Liv Wind Tonifies Sources of Blood
4. SP 6 invigorate blood w/ST 36 (He Sea Point, Command
Point of Abdomen) tonify source of the production of blood
Case Analysis & Mgt I (Deng) 10
Frozen Shoulder
Frozen Shoulder is a condition that bothers most of its victims at about age 50.
Characterized by:
Heavy aching on one or both shoulders
Limited movement
The condition of frozen shoulder is described as peripheral shoulder arthritis in modern
medicine
Manifestation Tx Principle 1.SI 3 (Shu Stream Point, Confluent Point of the Du) insert under bone.
Pain initially starts on one or two shoulders. It > in the Expel wind-cold. Distal point for shoulder and neck; connects w/Du 14
daytime and < at night, and may also involve the upper Promote Qi and Blood circulation. (Combines well with UB 62 of Tai Yang Foot Meridian)
arm, nape and back. The condition is also aggravated Remove the obstruction from the channels and 2. LI 4 (Yuan Source Point, Command Point of Face)
by cold, but is alleviated w/warmth. collaterals. 3. LI 11 (He Sea Point, Ghost Point)
At the advanced stage, there may be difficulty in raising Use points mainly from the 3 Yang Channels of the 4.LI 14
the arm, limited arm abductions and backward Hand: LI – front, SJ – mid, SI - post 5.SJ 5 (Luo Connecting Point, Confluent Point of Yang Wei)
stretching. Prolonged frozen shoulder may result in “3 Shoulder Points” – Jan Shan Zhen
muscular atrophy. Other Considerations: ST 38 (wiggle shoulders) – long two needles, 1. LI 15 (depression in front of shoulder)
SJ 14 (post to LI 15 on shoulder; post depression of acromion), UB 62 2. Jian Qian (1 cun above ant. axillary crease)
(Confluential pt of Yin Qiao - wiggle shoulders; below ext mallelus) 3. SI 9 (1 cun above post. Axillary crease)
Neck Sprain
Neck sprain is characterized by:
Soreness and pain with difficult turning or…
Limited movement on one side of the neck.
It may be similar to rheumatic pain in the neck or chronic cervical disc injury in modern medicine.
Neck)
Luo Zhen – dorsum of hand b/w 2 &3 metacarpal 0.5 cun below knuckles