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Pre-Feasibility: Proposed Expansion of Ganjam Chlor Alkali Plant
Pre-Feasibility: Proposed Expansion of Ganjam Chlor Alkali Plant
REPORT
Proposed Expansion of
Ganjam Chlor Alkali Plant
June 2016
CONTENTS
Executive Summary 1
Introduction 3
Project Details 4
Raw Materials 17
Resource Requirements 19
Project Cost 25
Amenities/ Facilities 26
Selection of Site 27
Social Aspects 28
Details of Site 29
Executive Summary
Name of the unit : M/s. Grasim Industries Ltd., Chemical Division, Ganjam
Location of the factory : Post : Jayshree, Dist : Ganjam,
Odisha, Pin Code: 761025
Promoter of the unit : Aditya Birla Group-Grasim Industries Ltd. –Chemical Division
Telephone number : 06811 254329, 254336
Fax number : 06811254384
Contact information : Mr. D.P. Modani
Grasim Industries Ltd. (Chemical Division)
Post : Jayshree, Dist : Ganjam,
Odisha, Pin Code: 761025
Category of industry : Chlor Alkali
Location : Post : Jayshree, Dist : Gaanjam,
Odisha, Pin Code: 761025
Production details
Name of Product Production Capacity TPA
Existing Proposed Total
(a) (b) (a+b)
Caustic Soda 72,000 33,000 1,05,000
Liquid Chlorine 46,350 26,650 73,000
Hydrochloric Acid 60,000 30,000 90,000
Hydrogen Gas- Million NM3 21.17 9.83 31.0
Sodium Hypochlorite 32400 1300 33700
Poly Aluminum Chloride- 10 % liquid --- 73,000 73,000
Calcium Chloride --- 18,250 18,250
Carbon Di Oxide --- 7,300 7,300
Stable Bleaching Powder --- 18,250 18,250
Chlorinated Paraffin’s --- 18,250 18,250
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The plant will be located at Ganjam in the name of M/S.Grasim Industries Ltd. is engaged in the
manufacturing of caustic soda lye. Based on their market scenario now, company proposes to
increase its production capacity by increasing production capacity of Caustic Soda Lye, and also
plans to produce chemicals like Poly Aluminium chloride, Calcium Chloride, Carbon dioxide,
Stable Bleaching powder and Chlorinated Paraffin.
Location of project:
Post :Jayshree,
Dist : Ganjam,
Odisha,
Pin Code: 761025
The proposed expansion activities will be carried out in our existing premise which is located in
Ganjam, area where the all resources are easily available and well developed communication
facilities, infrastructure i.e. road, sea-port, air- port etc.
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Introduction
Background:
Proponent
Grasim Industries Limited is an Aditya Birla Group company, operating in India since last 6
decades and operating globally since last 40 years. Grasim Industries Ltd. Is India’s pioneer
industry group for production of Viscose Staple Fibre (VSF) along with captive co-generation of
chemicals and power and largest manufacturer of VSF.
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PROJECT DETAILS
Need/ justification of the project
Asian demand for caustic soda continues to be strong regardless of a price rise driven by
tight supply situation worldwide. The forward integration products such as Stable Bleaching
powder, Poly Aluminum Chloride, Chlorinated Paraffin, calcium Chloride have significant
market potential within the nation, neighboring countries and extend even up to European
countries, Australia etc. Also huge potential is there for organic chlorine derivatives.
Export possibility
M/s. Grasim Industries Ltd. with its business spread across India, Thailand and China,
M/s. Grasim Industries Ltd.is a major business of the M/s. Aditya Birla Group, India’s
first multinational corporation. Grasim Industries Ltd. has expertise in manufacturing of
these products and other own brand products.
Employment generation
Manpower of the Company
Chemical Unit
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Features of the project
The technology advancement in the field of caustic manufacturing is fast paced and today the latest
generation electrolysers are capable of higher production with lesser power consumption. To survive
the competition, up-gradation of technology and de- bottlenecking of existing systems to the optimum
level is required for sustaining the position ahead of the competitors.
The latest generation electrolysers give us benefit of higher caustic production along with considerable
savings in energy consumption. Just by replacing the existing membrane cell plant electrolysers with the
latest ones and de-bottlenecking of brine and chlorine sections, a higher production with considerable
energy saving with no adverse impact on environment can be achieved.
The plant layout showing existing and proposed facilities is enclosed as Annex 1.
Process description
Caustic soda -
The caustic soda lye is manufactured by electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution of
concentration 310 gpl). For satisfactory operation of the membrane electrolysis cell, high purity of
brine is required. Brine is recycled continuously and the cycle consists of the following steps:
1. Brine Saturation
2. Brine Purification
3. Brine Settling, Filtering, Polishing
4. Secondary brine purification(Ion Exchange)
5. Electrolysis
6. De-Chlorination
Chlorate Destruction
After treatment in above steps, the brine meets the requirements and is feed into the anode chamber of
electrolyser cells. The brine flow in each electrolyser is regulated by means of rotameters. Uniform
distribution of brine into the different elements of the electrolyser is ensured by means of long thin inlet
hoses.
The cathode chamber of the electrolytic cells similarly receives weak caustic from the catholyte head
tank. The anode and cathode chambers of the cell are isolated from each other by membrane which is
selective to the migration of sodium ions.
Water to some extent also diffuses through the membrane from the anode chamber. Chlorine is
liberated at the anode surface and the brine in the node chamber is depleted to about 200-220 gpl. The
two phase mixture of depleted brine and chlorine overflows from the anode chamber via an insert pipe
into the anode header.
As a result of electrochemical reactions taking place in the cathodic chamber, Hydrogen is generated at
the cathode surface and OH ions combine with the Na+ ions diffusing through the membrane. A two
phase mixture of 33% NaOH and Hydrogen overflows from the cathode chamber into the catholyte
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header. The water required for cathodic reaction is partly supplied by the water transported through the
membrane and the rest is made up by addition of purified water in the re-circulation catholyte loop.
The Electrochemical reactions in the cell are as follows:
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Process flow diagram for Caustic soda plant
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Mass balance
INPUT
Sl.No Particulars
MT/MT MT/DAY MT/Month
Output
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Chlorinated Paraffin–
The manufacturing of CHLORINATED PARAFFIN (CP) involves reaction of gaseous chlorine with
liquid heavy normal paraffin (HNP) in a batch reactor at 90-110⁰C.
The heat of reaction is removed with the help of cooling water circulating through a cooling coil (or
Jacket) in the glass lined rector.The HCl gas evolved in the process is stripped of HNP droplets in a
condenser. Then the HCl gas is absorbed in water to form HCl solution. The last trace of unabsorbed
HCl gas along with un-reacted chlorine is absorbed in alkali to remove last traces of gaseous
pollutants.
After reaction is over, the CP liquid is stripped of dissolved gases (chlorine) under vacuum or by
bubbling a stream of dry air through the liquid.
Then the CP is strained from any suspended impurities before packing as finished product. HCl
absorption system has proper heat removal arrangement and final traces of chlorine are sent to
Hypo section of caustic soda plant and there it is neutralized in caustic solution.
Mass Balance
Input
Output
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Page | 10
Poly Aluminium Chloride –
Poly Aluminium chloride (PAC) is manufactured by chemical reaction between alumina hydrate powder
and hydrochloric acid at specified pressure and temperature conditions.
A specific amount of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) having the concentration of (30-32) % by weight and
specific amount of Aluminium Hydroxide are mixed with each other by agitator. The mixer is fed to
glass-lined reactor where reaction is effected with agitation, temperature and pressure. After the
reaction has been completed, the product is fed to the dilution tank. Untreated aluminium hydroxide is
removed by filtering the product with the filter press. The filtered product is fed to the formulation tank,
where water and chemicals are added and dissolved by agitation. The solution is diluted by adding
process water, to precisely adjust the concentration of aluminium hydroxide. The product thus formed is
fed to the storage tank. Solid cakes, which contain aluminium content, from the filter press is recycled
back to the process.
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Mass Balance
Input
Output
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Stable Bleaching Powder–
The chlorination drum where the chemical reaction occurs, temperature is controlled by circulating
water in jacket. After complete chlorination, the product is dried under vacuum, cooled and discharged
to packing hopper via vibrating screen, which separates over sized material. The over sized material is
further pulvarised and mixed with product.
Stable Bleaching Powder contains +35% Chlorine and is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is stable for longer
period of time i.e very low losses of available chlorine over extended period of time, when properly
stored even under changing climatic conditions. This is because of low moisture content in the product
and absence of heavy metal impurities in the raw material. Above all the best quality hydrated lime and
the Chlorine generated from its own plant are used in the manufacture of SBP.
Mass Balance
Input
Output
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Calcium Chloride –
35% Calcium Chloride Section will be designed to operate on a continuous basis. Limestone with 40-80
mm size will be fed at the top of the Reactor and 31% of Hydrochloric Acid will flow counter current
from the bottom. In the Reactor HCl will react with Limestone to produce Calcium Chloride Solution and
Carbon Dioxide Gas.
35% Solution of Calcium Chloride produced in the Reactor will overflow to a Neutralization Tank where
the pH of the Solution will be corrected by addition of lime solution. The reacted solution will be taken
to a settler where magnesium and iron components will be precipitated out.
Clarified Calcium Chloride Solution will be filtered and the clear solution will be taken to the evaporation
unit for drying
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Mass Balance
Input
Output
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Raw Materials
MT/Annum
1. For manufacture of caustic soda:
S,no Particulars Existing Proposed Total Storage type
1 Salt 115200 52800 168000 RCC godown
2 Barium Carbonate 1080 495 1575 Bags
3 Soda Ash 180 83 263 Bags
4 Alpha Cellulose 864 396 1260 Bags
5 Caustic soda 18 8 26 MS tanks
6 Hydrochloric acid 6480 2970 9450 MSRL tanks
7 Sodium Bi Sulphite 72 33 105 Bags
8 Coagulant 7.2 3.3 10.5 Bags
9 Sulphuric acid 828 379 1207 MS tanks
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Raw Material sources:
The company will purchase raw materials from local and / or import depends on
availability and market value.
Recycle/Reuse options:
Quality of raw material, in-process inspection, stringent process controls, safety and
pollution control auto systems, power savers, on-line sensors etc. are some of the major
focus areas to optimize and conserve resources. Emission controls will be done by
installing efficient scrubbing systems. Water reuse/recycling arrangements will be done
in all sections for water conservation. By-products will be used for manufacturing of
different products.
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Resource Requirements
Existing infrastructure
Power: Power requirement for the proposed production will be taken from the OPTCL grid.
Water: Source of water for running operations in plant are bore wells.
Fuel: Steam required for the proposed expansion will be sourced from proposed dual fuel fired
boiler.
Road: The proposed plant is connected to National high way NH-.16 The distance from the plant
to National high way is about 1 Km.
Communication: All facilities are available i.e. Telephone, Fax, Internet etc., continuous up-
gradation will be done.
Manpower:
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Product & Bi Product
Name of Product
Production Capacity TPA
Connectivity:
The proposed plant is to be set–up in Ganjam. Existing roads and rails will be used for
the proposed project. No new roads or rails are envisaged outside the boundary of the
plant.
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Construction Details
Estimated project cost: total estimated cost of the project would be 500 Crores.
o Date of completion:
It would be approximately 15-18 months from the date of start construction and other
activities.
Traffic:
The proposed plant is to be set–up in Ganjam. Existing roads and rails will be used for the
proposed project. No new roads or rails are envisaged outside the boundary of the plant.
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Rejects (Pollution Potential and Mitigation Measures)
Hazardous Waste -
Used oil is the only hazardous waste generated from the plant process. The used oil is collected and
stored as per norms. Thereafter it is sold off to authorized recyclers.
Solid waste –
All the solid waste generated will be stored in, HDPE lined pits, which will avoid contamination of
soil.During handling of solid waste all adequate measures will be provided to avoid contamination of
land or water due to accidental spillage of materials during handling and storage.
Domestic waste –
All the wastes from domestic operations are sent to septic tank followed by soak pit. And the trade
effluents from existing, proposed project will be treated in ETP and treated effluent will be sent to guard
pond for natural evaporation.
Water Scrubbersare installed for absorption of HCl vapors in water. HCl thus produced is a product. No
waste is generated from the scrubbing process
Apart from above, on-line monitoring sensors for chlorine and HClwill be installed in the plant, covering
entire work zones. Continuous monitoring sensors at emission vents will be installed for vigilance round
the clock. The pollution control equipments will be so interlocked with process that, in case of failure of
pollution control equipment, the process will automatically trip down without fail. Also back up power
supply for running pollution control equipments is made available to prevent failure. The entire process
is DCS controlled for stringent control over process parameters.
Efficient air pollution control devices are installed in each plant to ensure minimum air pollutant
emissions to ambient air.
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2.Stable Bleaching Powder plant:
Sn Name of the Control system End use Waste
Scrubber generated
1 Alkali Absorption of chlorine Bleach liquor thus No waste is
Scrubbers produced will be generated.
recycled in plant
process.
2. Bag filters For control of SPM Not applicable Not applicable
There is no such chemical that will cause odour problems. Although basic condition of
the plant will be maintained through excellent housekeeping and maintenance
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practices. This will prevent leakages and fugitive emissions causing any such probability
of foul odours.
All the preventive and mitigation measures would be taken to mitigate the environmental
hazards
General Recommendations after assessing risks associated with the proposed project in detail
are as under:
Surrounding population shall be made aware of the safety precautions to be taken in the event
of any mishap within the plant. This can effectively be done by conducting the training
awareness programs
Critical switches and alarm should be always kept in line
Fire detectors should be installed near those units which handle large amount of flammable
material and operate under high temperature and pressure
A wind direction pointer should also be installed at storage site so that in an emergency the
wind direction can be directly seen and downwind population cautioned
Shut off and isolation valves should be easily approachable in emergencies
Material Safety Data Sheet and Toxicological Data should be displayed at the facility
The Disaster Management Plan describes the emergencies arising out of natural and man-made
calamities. The duties of various persons are well defined and the emergency committees are
formulated for the various levels of emergencies. This DMP is prepared to take care of almost all
the hazardous situations arising out of accidental release of hazardous chemicals handled in the
various units.
The maximum damage distances due to the accidental release of hazardous chemicals in the
proposed expansion are well within the plant boundary limits in most cases. It is, however,
recommended to implement all the associated safety for the proposed activity.
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Project Cost
Estimated project cost: total estimated cost of the project would be 500 Crores, details are as
summarized under:
Economic Viability / Payback period calculation: expected payback period/ turnover is 5 years, details
are as summarized under:-
Year Expected
turnover
(Rupees in
Crore)
Page | 25
Amenities/ Facilities
Transport:
o Rail: The nearest broad gauge railhead is Brahmapur.
o Road: The proposed plant is connected to National high way NH-.16 The distance
from the plant to National high way is about 1 Km.
Communication:
o All facilities are available i.e. Telephone, Fax, Internet etc.
Education:
o Ganjam has a literacy rate of 70.0%
o There are 12 primary, 7 upper primary, 11 secondary, 5 colleges and 2 ITIs offer several
industrial training programs in Cutting and Sewing, Fitting, Diesel engine mechanic,
Information Technology and electronic system management.
o There are 32 primary health centers (PHC), 8 community health centers (CHC) and 1 civil
hospital present in Bharuch. The district has a presence of private specialized hospitals
to provide a comprehensive range of tertiary and secondary care services backed by
state-of- the- art technology and trained medicos.
Health:
o The company is having separate OHC and providing first aid facility and appointed a
qualified part time Doctor of medical inspection. Also company is conducting the yearly
medical checkup of all employees and the records are marinating. The company has also
providing the Antidote Kits. In case of Emergency or major accident the company is
having its own transport facility to shift the injured employees to outside Hospital for
further treatment.
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Selection of Site
Land availability
No procurement of land is to be done. The expansion will take place in the available land,
within the existing industrial premises
Water availability
Water is procured from borewell located at Kalyanpur, at about a distance of 10 km from the
site.
Infrastructural availability
All the necessary infrastructural facilities are available for the proposed expansion.
The required raw material for the manufacturing of proposed products would be transported
by either sea or road and in case of products it would be transported by either sea or
road/air-ways and also the same will be depend upon the availability / comfort ability.
Product transportation
No new road, rail, air/waterborne or other transport infrastructure including new or altered
routes and stations are envisaged for the proposed plant. Existing transportation facilities are
capable to take care of the increasing traffic.
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Social Aspects
M/s. Grasim Industries Ltd. - Chemical Division, Ganjam will undertake development activities including
community welfare programme for the overall improvement of the socio-economic environment in the
project area through its effective Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programme. The details of these
activities are given below:
Curative healthcare by conducting specific health camps such as eye care for Cataract, Glaucoma
etc.
Support the health care units/hospitals in the region by providing infrastructural facilities.
Improve the level of literacy at primary, secondary and advanced levels of education by
providing scholarships to the meritorious students, enhancing school infrastructural facilities,
industrial training etc.
Residential Bridge course for drop out students through free coaching classes for students
belonging to economically weak background.
Training and awareness to the self help groups for income generation
Infrastructure development through providing drinking water facilities in the village of the
region.
Solar powered study centers to benefit the student for whom electric power is not available
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Details of Site
Geographical details
o Latitude: 19° 22' 46.20" N, Longitude: 85° 03' 13.13" E
o District – Ganjam (Municipal Corporation)
o State - Orissa
Approach
o Rail - The nearest broad gauge railhead is Brahmapur, about 30 km away
o Road - The proposed plant is connected to National high way NH-16. The distance
from the plant to National high way is about 1 Km
o Airport – 130 km at Bhubneshwar
Distance from nearest residential area – About 0.5 km
Distance from nearest industrial area – No industrial area nearby
Distance from nearest water bodies
o River – Rushikulya, about 0.5 km away
o Canal – Not applicable
o Dam – Not applicable
Distance from ecological sensitive area – Not applicable
Seismic zone – Not applicable
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ANNEX 1: PLANT LAYOUT