Harmonic Vibration of Undamped Systems F0 Amplitud de la fuerza externa

d2
m ÿ + k y = Fo sen( ω' t) m y" + k y = Fo sen( ω' t) m ⋅ ―― y + k ⋅ y ＝ F0 ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t))
d t2
y ((t)) ＝ yc ((t)) + yp ((t)) yc ((t)) ≔ A ⋅ cos ((ω ⋅ t)) + B ⋅ sin ((ω ⋅ t)) yp ((t)) ＝ C ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t))

Particular solution ω' Frecuencia de la fuerza externa

d
yp ((t)) ≔ C ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t)) y'p ((t)) ≔ ―― yp ((t)) y'p ((t)) → ω' ⋅ C ⋅ cos ((ω' ⋅ t))
dt

d
y''p ((t)) ≔ ―― y'p ((t)) y''p ((t)) → -⎛⎝ω' 2 ⋅ C ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t))⎞⎠
dt

m ⋅ y''p ((t)) + k ⋅ yp ((t)) ＝ F0 ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t)) → C ⋅ k ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t)) - ω' 2 ⋅ C ⋅ m ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t)) ＝ F0 ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t))

‾‾‾
k
C ⋅ k ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t)) - ω' 2 ⋅ C ⋅ m ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t)) ＝ F0 ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t)) F0 F0 ω＝ ―
― ― m
solve , C F0 k k
-ω' 2 ⋅ C ⋅ m + C ⋅ k ＝ F0 ――― → ―――― C ＝ ―――― ＝ ――
k - ω' 2 ⋅ m ⎛ ω' 2 ⎞ 1 - r 2 ω'
⎜1 - ―― ⎟ r＝―
ω2 ⎠ ω
⎝
Complementary + particular solution Razón de
F0 frecuencias
―
k
y ((t)) ＝ A ⋅ cos ((ω ⋅ t)) + B ⋅ sin ((ω ⋅ t)) + ―― ⋅ sen ((ω't))
1 - r2
F0
―
k
y ((t)) ≔ A ⋅ cos ((ω ⋅ t)) + B ⋅ sin ((ω ⋅ t)) + ―― ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t))
1 - r2

d ω' ⋅ F0 ⋅ cos ((ω' ⋅ t))

y' ((t)) ≔ ―― y ((t)) y' ((t)) → ω ⋅ B ⋅ cos ((ω ⋅ t)) - ω ⋅ A ⋅ sin ((ω ⋅ t)) - ――――――
dt k ⋅ ⎛⎝r 2 - 1⎞⎠
2
d ω' ⋅ F0 ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t))
y'' ((t)) ≔ ―― y' ((t)) y'' ((t)) → ―――――― - ω 2 ⋅ B ⋅ sin ((ω ⋅ t)) - ω 2 ⋅ A ⋅ cos ((ω ⋅ t))
dt ⎛ 2
k ⋅ ⎝r - 1⎠ ⎞

y ((0)) ＝ 0 → A ＝ 0 ω'
substitute , ―＝ r
ω' ⋅ F0 solve , B ω' ⋅ F0 ω F0 ⋅ r
y' ((0)) ＝ 0 → ω ⋅ B - ―――― ＝ 0 ――― → ――――― ―――――― → ――――
k ⋅ ⎛⎝r 2 - 1⎞⎠ ω ⋅ k ⋅ ⎛⎝r 2 - 1⎞⎠ k ⋅ ⎛⎝r 2 - 1⎞⎠

F0 ⋅ r
substitute , A ＝ 0 , B ＝ ――――
k ⋅ ⎛⎝r 2 - 1⎞⎠ F0 ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t)) - F0 ⋅ r ⋅ sin ((ω ⋅ t))
y ((t)) ―――――――――― → ――――――――――
k - k ⋅ r2

F0
y ((t)) ＝ ―――― ⋅ ((sin ((ω' ⋅ t)) - r ⋅ sin ((ω ⋅ t)))) En realidad la amortiguación estará siempre presente
k ⋅ ⎛⎝1 - r 2 ⎞⎠ y hará que ω desaparezca eventualmente, por ello
ese término [ sin ((ω ⋅ t)) ] se denomina RESPUESTA
Si r = 1, entonces y(t) tiende al infinito. Es TRANSITORIA
decir existirá resonancia
Harmonic Vibration with Viscous Damped
Si r = 1, entonces y(t) tiende al infinito. Es
decir existirá resonancia
Harmonic Vibration with Viscous Damped

m ÿ + c ẏ + k y = Fo sen( ω' t) m y" + c y' + k y = Fo sen( ω' t)

d2 d
m ⋅ ―― y + c ⋅ ―― y + k ⋅ y ＝ F0 ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t)) y ((t)) ＝ yc ((t)) + yp ((t))
2
dt dt

Para el caso subamortiguado yc ((t)) ＝ e -ξ ⋅ ω ⋅ t ⋅ ⎛⎝A ⋅ cos ⎛⎝ωD ⋅ t⎞⎠ + B ⋅ sin ⎛⎝ωD ⋅ t⎞⎠⎞⎠

yp ((t)) ＝ C1 ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t)) + C2 ⋅ cos ((ω' ⋅ t))

Aplicando la fórmula de Euler: e i ⋅ ω' ⋅ t ＝ cos ((ω' ⋅ t)) + i ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t))
d2 d
m ⋅ ―― y + c ⋅ ―― y + k ⋅ y ＝ F0 ⋅ e i ⋅ ω' ⋅ t
2
dt dt

m ÿ + c ẏ + k y = Fo e^(i ω' t) m y" + c y' + k y = Fo e^(i ω' t)

Para el caso subamortiguado yp ((t)) ＝ C ⋅ e i ⋅ ω' ⋅ t

Particular solution
d
yp ((t)) ≔ C ⋅ e i ⋅ ω' ⋅ t y'p ((t)) ≔ ―― yp ((t)) y'p ((t)) → ω' ⋅ C ⋅ i ⋅ e ω' ⋅ i ⋅ t
dt

d
y''p ((t)) ≔ ―― y'p ((t)) y''p ((t)) → ω' 2 ⋅ C ⋅ i 2 ⋅ e ω' ⋅ i ⋅ t
dt

m ⋅ y''p ((t)) + c ⋅ y'p ((t)) + k ⋅ yp ((t)) ＝ F0 ⋅ e i ⋅ ω' ⋅ t → C ⋅ k ⋅ e ω' ⋅ i ⋅ t + ω' 2 ⋅ C ⋅ i 2 ⋅ m ⋅ e ω' ⋅ i ⋅ t + ω' ⋅ C ⋅ c ⋅ i ⋅ e ω' ⋅ i ⋅ t ＝ F0 ⋅ e ω' ⋅ i ⋅ t

C ⋅ k ⋅ e ω' ⋅ i ⋅ t + ω' 2 ⋅ C ⋅ i 2 ⋅ m ⋅ e ω' ⋅ i ⋅ t + ω' ⋅ C ⋅ c ⋅ i ⋅ e ω' ⋅ i ⋅ t ＝ F0 ⋅ e ω' ⋅ i ⋅ t

‾‾‾
k
ω＝ ―
2
m
solve , C , substitute , i ＝ -1 F0
ω' 2 ⋅ C ⋅ i 2 ⋅ m + ω' ⋅ C ⋅ c ⋅ i + C ⋅ k ＝ F0 ――――――――― → ――――――
c ⋅ i ⋅ ω' - m ⋅ ω' 2 + k ω'
r＝―
ω

F0 F0
C ＝ ―――――― yp ((t)) ＝ ―――――― ⋅ e i ⋅ ω' ⋅ t
c ⋅ i ⋅ ω' - m ⋅ ω' 2 + k 2
c ⋅ i ⋅ ω' - m ⋅ ω' + k

c ⋅ ω'
Utilizando coordenadas polares tan ((θ)) ＝ ――――
k - m ⋅ ω' 2

F0 ⋅ e i ⋅ ω' ⋅ t
yp ((t)) ＝ ――――――――――
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2 2
e i ⋅ θ ⋅ ⎛⎝k - m ⋅ ω' 2 ⎞⎠ + ((c ⋅ ω'))
( )
F0 ⋅ e i ⋅ (ω' ⋅ t - θ)
＝ ――――――――＝ ――――――――
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾2
⎛⎝k - m ⋅ ω' 2 ⎞⎠ + ((c ⋅ ω'))
F0 ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t - θ))
2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
⎛⎝k - m ⋅ ω' 2 ⎞⎠ + ((c ⋅ ω'))

k
c ＝ ξ ⋅ ccr ＝ ξ ⋅ 2 ⋅ ―
ω

F0
― ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t - θ))
k
 k
c ＝ ξ ⋅ ccr ＝ ξ ⋅ 2 ⋅ ―
ω

F0
― ⋅ sin ((ω' ⋅ t - θ))
k 2⋅ξ⋅r F0
yp ((t)) ＝ ―――――――― tan ((θ)) ＝ ――― yst ＝ ― Desplazamiento estático
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2 1 - r2 k
⎛⎝1 - r 2 ⎞⎠ + ((2 ⋅ ξ ⋅ r))

F0
―
k yst
Y ＝ ―――――――― ＝ ―――――――― Amplitud del movimiento permanente
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
⎛⎝1 - r 2 ⎞⎠ + ((2 ⋅ ξ ⋅ r)) ⎛⎝1 - r 2 ⎞⎠ + ((2 ⋅ ξ ⋅ r))

Y 1
D ＝ ― ＝ ―――――――― Amplificación dinámica
yst ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
⎛⎝1 - r 2 ⎞⎠ + ((2 ⋅ ξ ⋅ r))

ξ (Valores internos)

1 1 1
r≔1 D ≔ ―――――――― → ――― D ＝ ――
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2⋅ξ
2 ⋅ ‾‾‾
2 2
⎛⎝1 - r 2 ⎞⎠ + ((2 ⋅ ξ ⋅ r)) ξ2

D calculada en condición de resonancia da un valor cercano a su valor máximo, pero no será

igual a la respuesta máxima del sistema con amortiguación.

Para valores moderados de amortiguación la diferencia mencionada es insignificante