Business Environment

It is sum or collection of all internal and external factors such as employees,

customer’s needs and expectations, supply and demand, management, clients,
suppliers, owners, activities by government, innovation in technology, social
trends, market trends, economic changes, etc. These factors affect the function
of the company and how a company works directly or indirectly. Sum of these
factors influences the companies or business organisations environment and
situation.

Introduction:-
The anti-plastic campaign is organized to create awareness among the public
about the adverse effect of plastic usage and to make think them about
stopping of its usage.
The Anti-plastic campaign has been originated by various NGO's in several
parts of the nation. It was originally inaugurated by the "Blue and Green"
organization. The NGO created consciousness about wellness hazards and
the terrible consequences that could be faced due to the application of plastic.
The component of this campaign is to take actions and keep control of the
usage of plastic bags and have zero tolerance for waste and protect water
bodies.  
The usage of plastic bags has been prevented altogether in most capitals, and
if there has been a user of any synthetic items, it is regarded as a criminal
offense with a heavy penalties.

What is a plastic?
Plastics is the term commonly used to describe a wide range of synthetic or
semi-synthetic materials that are used in a huge and growing range of
applications. Everywhere you look, you will find plastics. We use plastic
products to help make our lives cleaner, easier, safer and more enjoyable. The
raw materials used to produce plastics are natural products such as cellulose,
coal, and natural gas, salt and, of course, crude oil.
USES OF PLASTIC
The versatility of plastic materials comes from the ability to mold, laminate or
shape them, and to tailor them physically and chemically. There is a plastic
suitable for almost any application. Plastics do not corrode, though they can
degrade in UV (a component of sunlight) and can be affected by solvents – for
example PVC plastic is soluble in acetone.

Harmful effect
Plastic sticks around in the environment for ages, threatening wildlife and
spreading toxins. Plastic also contributes to global warming. Almost all plastics
are made from chemicals that come from the production of planet-warming
fuels (gas, oil and even coal). Our reliance on plastic therefore prolongs our
demand for these dirty fuels. Burning plastics in incinerators also releases
climate-wrecking gases and toxic air pollution.

Climate change
It might come as a surprise, but plastic is a big problem for the environment
even before it pollutes our rivers and oceans. Plastic is a major contributor to
climate change. That's because chemicals derived from fossil fuel production
are used to make almost all plastics - more than 99% of them. So the more
plastic we make, the more of these petrochemicals we need. And the more
petrochemicals we need, the higher the demand for gas, oil and even coal. The
same fuels driving dangerous climate change.

Ocean pollution
Plastic pollution causes great harm to the organisms big and small that encounter
it. From tiny corals to majestic whales, more than 700 marine species are known
to be killed either by the ingestion of plastic or entanglement - resulting
in millions of animal deaths a year, that we know of. Made to be used just once,
plastic can last forever in the environment. Once a plastic bag, abandoned fishing
net or bottle cap has killed by entanglement, strangulation, suffocation or
starvation, it simply has to wait for its victim to decompose to be released back
 into the environment. Plastic does not decompose - it will be ready to kill again
soon.

Land pollution
Waste disposal contributes to approx. 4% of green house gasses (this is mostly
methane produced from landfills). It’s incredibly important to ensure we send
as little waste as possible to the landfills. Sending plastic waste to the landfill
doesn’t mean it magically disappears. Although it’s out of our sight, it will be
around forever. That plastic waste will sit there. And sit there. Eventually, it
will likely start breaking down. But the plastic will simply turn into micro-
plastics. These micro-plastics run-off into our soil and water systems and even
end up in humans. Micro-plastics never fully go away.

Problems with recycling

1. There’s so much plastic waste (specifically film plastic such as plastic wrap,
plastic grocery and produce bags, and plastic sandwich bags) on our planet
that there’s no longer a market to sell it. It ends up costing more to try and
recycle than it’s worth. Simply put, there’s no longer a demand for all of the
plastic waste.
2. Just like there are resources going into producing the plastic, there are also
resources going into recycling it. Although diverting waste from the landfill is
important, recycling is still not a perfect system.

Best Alternatives to Plastic

Stainless steel
Tough and easy to clean, stainless steel options for reusable food and beverage
storage have multiplied in recent years. You can replace single-use cups,
kitchen storage, lunch boxes, and more with this durable metal.
Glass
While not biodegradable, glass is inert, inexpensive and infinitely recyclable.
And since many food items come packaged in glass, upcycling glass jars into
food storage is a no-cost way to give your food packaging new life.
Beeswax-coated cloth
Used primarily as a replacement for plastic wrap and platic bags, beeswax-
coated fabric is easy to use and easy to clean. It also smells great.
Natural fibre cloth
Natural cloth can replace plastic bags. Sustainable clothing made from organic
cotton, wool, hemp, or bamboo won’t shed plastic fibers when washed. Felted
or recycled wool is a versatile, safe, and compostable material for children’s
toys, household containers, and more.
Wood
A renewable resource, wood from sustainably-managed forests can replace
plastic in household items like cleaning brushes, kitchen utensils, and cutting
board’s..
Pottery and Other Ceramics
Around for millennia, pottery and other fired ceramics offer a stable,
waterproof alternative that’s good for food storage and tableware. Look for
non-toxic glazes.

Objectives of the campaign

- To create awareness on plastic reduction and recycling and followed by a
behavioural change of Cambodian society.
-To encourage Cambodian society, in particular, children to share the idea of
plastic waste management with their families.
-To enhance on ways to handle plastic waste.
-To create awareness of the different ways of making and using plastic.
-To develop critical thinking skills among the community members.
-To understand the potential and difficulties in recycling plastics Achievements
of the campaign

Achievement of the campaign

1. US Cities Took Action to Ban Plastic Straws
While banning plastic straws is not a fix-all solution to the plastic crisis, it shows
that cities and municipalities are actively using their regulatory power to protect
the environment. Considering that Americans use up to 390 million plastic
straws every day banning them could have a significant impact on on our waste
production.

2. Airlines Announce They Will Ban Single-use Plastics

As cities across the US and around the world work on legislation to ban single-
use plastics, airlines are also stepping up to the plate. Major airlines
— Alaska American, and Delta — all made pledges to reduce their plastic
footprint.

3. Chile Approves a Nationwide Ban on Plastic Bags

Chile became the first country in the Americas to ban plastic bags. The plastic
crisis has had a visible impact in Santiago, where people use 62.2 million single-
use bags each year, while a trash island the size of Mexico forms along its coast.
Chile is joining countries like Kenya and Morocco that previously eliminated
plastic bags.

4. India Announces Plan to Ban All Single-use Plastics

India's involvement in reducing single-use plastics is essential. Recycling is
already an important part of the cultural norm in the country. Indians throw
away a whopping 15,342 tonnes of plastic waste every day and 60% of it is
recycled or reused, mostly in the informal sector. The remaining plastic is left to
pollute the streets, damage soil, and harm animals. In junction with these
community-based efforts to recycle plastic, formal waste management
infrastructure, could be a game changer for reducing plastic pollution moving
forward.

5. Non-profit Leads Effort to Clean Up the Great Pacific

Garbage Patch
A giant, U-shaped garbage collector set sail from San Francisco in September
and a major effort to clean up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch — a trash island
that is three times the size of France and contains 80,000 tons of plastic — is
now underway. The Ocean Clean-up, a Dutch non-profit organization,
designed Ocean Clean-up System 001 to capture plastic while allowing sea life to
swim safely underneath.

6. Corporations Take Action on Plastic

McDonalds and Starbucks were among the corporations who stepped up this
year to reduce their plastic footprints. McDonalds plans to remove all plastic
straws from more than 1,300 locations in the UK and Ireland by 2019. Soon
after, Starbucks announced it will be phasing out plastic straws at all its stores
by 2020 — a move that could eliminate 1 billion straws from the global supply
chain every year.

Positive Impacts of the

campaign
Less Trash
Eliminating single-use plastic bags at registers means there is less trash in the
waste stream and less litter. Recycling disposable plastic bags is difficult for a
variety of reasons and just doesn’t prove to be an effective solution. Most
discarded plastic bags are thrown in the trash and carted off to landfills.

Reduced Mess
Getting rid of disposable bags also means there is less litter. Discarded trash is
an eyesore that is just plain ugly. Wayward plastic bags also pose a major
problem for drainage systems and can cause flooding. Litter is a very real
problem for animals, particularly marine animals. Animals eating plastic bags
can be a fatal mistake that can have much more serious implications across a
habitat and food chain.

Improved Use of Resources

Plastic is made from non-renewable resources. Continuing to use plastic to
construct disposable bags is an irresponsible use of these resources. Plastic bag
bans help reduce our dependence on plastic and wasteful use of non-
renewable resources. There is no sign of these non-renewable resources
running out anytime in the immediate future; although, the sooner we kick the
plastic habit, the more of these resources we’ll have for other applications.
Plastic Waste Management
Programme (2018-2024)
India generates 15 million tonnes of plastic waste every year but only one fourth
of this is recycled due to lack of a functioning solid waste management system.
This leads to burden on the landfills and poor socio-economic conditions of the
waste pickers, mostly women.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) India, in partnership with
Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Limited (HCCBPL), Hindustan Unilever
Limited (HUL), HDFC Bank & Coca Cola India Foundation (CCIF) is building on
existing systems to reduce the impact of plastic waste on environment in India.
The partnership promotes collection, segregation and recycling of all kinds of
plastics to move towards a circular economy.     

This project aims to

 Create a socio-technical model for taking plastic waste management from
informal to formal economy
 Establish Material Recovery Centres for sustained practices in       
waste management
 Institutionalize Swachhta Kendras within governance framework     
structures and improved socio-economic conditions of waste pickers. 
 Develop technology-supported knowledge management: Promote 
Cloud-based traceability, accountability and digital governance    
along waste value chain through our technical partner Mind tree through
field  implementing partners

Achievements
 The project is currently operational in 36 cities, with 22 Material Recovery
Centres established for
sustainable waste management practices.
 The plastic collected and processed so far has already crossed 66,000
metric tonnes.
 Through these centres, the project has reached out to 5500 Safai Sathis,
in an effort to institutionalize workers from the 
 informal sector.
  UNDP was felicitated as a key partner by the Ministry of Housing & Urban
Affairs at the Swachh Survekshan Awards 2020 under the Swachh Bharat
Mission

Conclusion
 The most effective way to reducing the amount of plastic litter in the
environment is to reduce our consumption.
 As consumer, we should not wait for the government to tackle the problem
of plastic.
 Violators should be punished strictly because it impact the whole society
 The more important contribution to such a campaign must come from the
consumer
 Use of alternative such as paper, cloth and jute bags is the best way to stop
plastic bag usage.
 Anti-plastic campaign are very important to take away the plastic use and
aware people against plastic

Bibliography
 https://friendsoftheearth.uk/plastics#:~:text=How%20does%20plastic
%20harm%20the,%2C%20oil%20and%20even%20coal).
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2016
 https://www.aquarium.co.za/blog/entry/the-plastic-problem-how-does-
plastic-pollution-affect-wildlife
 https://www.factorydirectpromos.com/blog/what-are-the-positive-
impacts-of-plastic-bag-bans/
 https://learn.eartheasy.com/guides/the-best-eco-friendly-alternatives-
for-the-plastic-in-your-life/
 https://www.factorydirectpromos.com/blog/what-are-the-positive-
impacts-of-plastic-bag-bans/
 https://greenactioncentre.ca/reduce-your-waste/reducing-plastic-
waste-in-your-business/