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381-Article Text-924-1-10-20200517
381-Article Text-924-1-10-20200517
Review Article
INTRODUCTION
Ayurveda, the science of holistic medicine, branches but the matters are scattered throughout
created by Lord Brahma before the creation of the text. Hence the reader has a hard time finding
universe. The post Vedic period when Ayurveda out what Susruta Samhita says about remaining
descended to earth and was passed on, gradually its branches apart from Shalya Tantra. Hence this
composite form was ramified into the Astanga scattered out matters need to be sorted out. If we
Ayurveda. It is known that Susruta Samhita is more look into the present scientific world, we find this is
inclined towards Shalya Tantra, but it also included an era of specialization and super specialization in
in itself all the other branches. There is mention each of the fields of science and technology and the
regarding the Ashtanga Ayurveda and also their medical science is not at all an exception. So, it is
definitions. high time that Ayurveda, which is a complete
Ashtanga ayurveda stands for the 8 science in itself is also updated keeping pace with
branches that form a basis of Ayurveda. Susruta has the changing times and needs of the people of the
mentioned the following 8 branches- A) Shalya entire world. So that it becomes a more and more
(surgery), B) Shalakya (ENT and ophthalmology), C) acceptable to the people of every society.
Kayachikitsa (general medicine), D) Bhootavidya Definition of Kayachikitsa
(psychiatry), E) Koumarbhritya (pediatric), F) It is the part of Ayurveda in which the
Agadatantra (toxicology), G) Rasayantantra diseases like Jwar, Raktapitta. Sosha, Unmad,
(rejuvenation), H) Vajikarantantra (aphrodisiacs).[1] Apasmara, Kustha, Prameha, Atisara are described
These 8 branches are incorporated into and along with its treatment.[2] Kayachikitsa is more
formed the entire Ayurveda right from its time of elaborately explained by father of medicine
creation. Susruta Samhita has dealt with all these 8 Maharshi Charak. But to make it easy for readers to
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AYUSHDHARA, 2018;5 (2):1657-1663
know about the Kayachikitsa related topic in Su/Ni/1 Chapter (Vatavyadhi nidanam): In the 1st
Susruta Samhita, the scattered topic needs to be chapter of Nidan Sthan Susruta interrogated
compiled together. With this purpose, the topic has Dhanantari about Sthan, Karma etc of Prakritik and
been selected which will enable the reader to know Kupita Vataand reply of Dhanvantari as Vayu is
about the Kayachikitsa related topic scattered in Nitya, Sarvartravyapta, Swayambhu, Avyakta and
Susruta Samhita easily. having Ruksha, Shita, Laghu, Khara and Rajo Guna
AIM AND OBJECTIVES: Bahulya. The types of Vata and their Karma are
1. To shed lights on the contribution of Susruta in given. The description of Lakshan of Asayagata
Kayachikitsa. Vata, Twachagata, Raktagata Vata, Vatarakta,
2. To put together the scattered topics of Akshepaka, Apatanak, Dandaapatanak, Pakshaghat,
Kayachikitsa in Susruta Samhita. Manyastambha, Ardita, Gridhrasi, Vatakantaka etc.,
are also mentioned.[8,9]
Materials and Methods
Su/Ni/3 Chapter (Ashmari Nidanam): Susruta
Ancient Ayurvedic Susruta Samhita and the
mentioned about causes and types of Ashmari as
commentaries of the above said Samhitas were also
Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja and Sukraja. Also he
used.
mentioned about Purvarupa of Ashmari and about
Discussion Mutra Sharkara and its symptoms. [10]
Su/Su/1 Chapter (Vedotpatti Adhya): In this Su/Ni/5 Chapter (Kustha Nidanam): In this
chapter Susruta mentioned about types of diseases, chapter, Susruta mentioned about Nidan, Samprapti,
Adhisthan and to destroy disease knowledge of Purvarupa of Kustha, types of Kustha as Kshudra
Ayurveda is important. According to Susruta and Mahakustha, their Lakshan and Dosaanusar
Kayachikitsa comes in 3rd number in Astanga their types. Susruta described about Kilasa as it is
Ayurveda. He mentioned about definition and Twachagata and Sravarahita and mentioned about
Prayojan of Ayurveda. He mentioned about 4 types Asadhya Kustha. Here Susruta told about Kustha
of Praman as Pratyaksa, Agama, Anuman, Upaman. Moksha Upaya Phala and about Aupasargik Roga
Susruta gave description of Purush, Vyadhi, Ausadh and Roga Sankraman. [11]
and Kriyakal in which whole Susruta Samhita is
Su/Ni/6 Chapter (Prameha Nidan): Here
based.[3]
mentioned about Nidan, Samprapti, Purvarupa and
Su/Su/2 Chapter (Sisyopanayaniya adhya): In Samanya Lakshan of Prameha. Also mentioned
this chapter duty of a physician for the patient is about Prameha Pidaka, Updrava of Prameha,
described. Physician should be kind hearted Asadhya Pidaka etc.[12]
towards patient.[4]
Su/Ni/7 Chapter (udara nidan): Susruta
Su/Su/11 Chapter (Ksharapak Vidhi): Here mentioned about 8 types of Udara Roga as Vatodar,
Susruta mentioned about qualities of Kshara as Pittodar, Kaphodar, Sannipatikudar, Dakodar,
Tridoshaghna, Shodhan, Ropan etc. Also mentioned Plihodar, Baddhagudodar, Kshtodar and described
about indication, contraindication of Pratisaraniya their Nidan, Samprapti, Purvarupa and Rupa.[13]
and Paniya Kshar.[5]
Su/Ni/10 Chapter (Visarpa-nadi-stanaroga
Su/Su/14 Chapter (Shonita Varnaniya adhya): In nidanam): In this chapter Susruta mentioned about
this chapter, Susruta mentioned about production Samprapti, Lakshan and prognosis of Visarpa.[14]
of Rasa, Rakta etc., from Ahara Rasa. Ranjakpitta is
Su/Ni/12 Chapter (Vriddhi upadamsa slipada
essential for redness of Rakta. Purush is made up of
nidanam): In the context of Lakshana of Upadamsa,
Rasa and gives the definition of Rasa. Qualities of
Samprapti and Lakshan of Slipada this chapter is
Rakta are Visrata, Dravata, Raga, Spandana,
described.[15]
Laghuta. He mentioned about time of formation of
Sukra from Rasa is one month (18090 Kala). In this Su/Sha/4 Chapter (Garbha Vyakaran): In this
chapter there is description of qualities of Dushita chapter Susruta mentioned about Prana which
Rakta and Suddha Rakta, contraindication, benefits, resides in Agni, Soma, Vayu, Satwa, Raja, Tama,
Pacchat Karma of Raktamokshan and medicine to Panchaindiya and Bhutatma. Also he described
control the heavy bleeding after Raktamokshan.[6] about Sapta Twacha and their diseases, Nidra,
Swapna, Kala, benefits of Ratrijagarana
Su/su/17 Chapter (Amapakvaisaniya adhya):
Divaswapna, Tandra, Jhrimbha, Klama, Bhrama,
Here mentioned about types of Sopha and their
detail about Dehaprakriti and Manasik Prakriti.[16]
features. Lakshana of Ama, Pakva and Pachaman
Sopha. Definition of Vaidya and Taskar Vritti Vaidya. Su/Sha/6 Chapter (Pratyeka marma nirdesh):
Dosha Sambandha of Sopha as pain due to Vata, Susruta mentioned that Marma is the site of Prana.
Paka, due to Pitta and pus due to Kapha.[7]
AYUSHDHARA | March - April 2018 | Vol 5 | Issue 2 1658
Khagen Basumatary et al. A Brief Mention of Kaya Chikitsa (General Medicine) in Susruta Samhita by Maharshi Susruta
In this chapter there is description of site of Marma, Su/Chi/17 Chapter (Visarpa nadi stana roga
their Viddha Lakshan.[17] chikitsa): Susruta described that Visarpa
Su/Sha/8 Chapter (Sira Vyadha Vidhi shariram): Sadhyaasadhyata, Vataja Visarpa Chikitsa, Pittaja
In the context of place of puncturing this chapter is Visarpa Chikitsa, Gauradi Ghrita, Kaphaja Visarpa,
described.[18] Varunadi Gana.[25]
Su/Chi/4 Chapter (Vatavyadhi Chikitsa): Here Su/Chi/19 Chapter (Vriddhi, Upadamsa, Slipada
Susruta mentioned about Asayagata Vatavyadhi Chikitsa): Here Susruta mentioned that Upadamsa
Chikitsa e.g., Saddharan Yoga for Amasayagata Vata. Samanya Chikitsa, Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja,
Dhatugata Vata Chikitsa. Kaphapitta, Raktagata Upadamsa Chikitsa, Upadamsa Avastha Bheda
Vata and Suptivata Chikitsa. About Salvana Chikitsa, Upadamsa Churna Vidhana, Jambadi Yoga,
Upanaha. Skandha, Kaksha, Strika, Manyagata and Sajji Ksharadi Yoga, Bhringarajadi Yoga, Asadhyata
Shirogata Vata Chikitsa. Sarvanga and Ekanga Vata of Raktaja and Sannipataja Upadamsa, Visesha
Chikitsa. Vata Samanya Chikitsa. about Tilvak Ghrita, Chikitsa of Tridosaja Upadamsa.[26]
Anu Taila, Sahasrapak Taila, Patra Lavana, Sneha Su/Chi/34 Chapter (Vaman-Virechan Vyapat
Lavana, Kalyanak Lavana.[19] Chikitsa): Here Susruta told about Vyapat Nama,
Su/Chi/5 Chapter (Mahavatavyadhi Chikitsa): In Sankhya, Vamana Adhogamana Vyapat, Virechana
this chapter Susruta described types of Vata Sonita. Urdhogamana Vyapat, Savasesha Ausadha Vyapat,
Nidan, Samprapti, Lakshana of Vata Sonita. Jirna Ausadha Vyapat, Alpa Dosaharan Vyapat, Vata
Treatment of Vata Sonita. Vrdhman Pippali Yoga. Sula Vyapat, Vaman Virechana Ayoga Vyapat,
Pathya-Apathya for Vatarakta. About Apatanaka, Atiyoga Vyapat, Vaman Virechana Atiyoga Vyapat,
Pakshaghata, Manyastambha, Apatantrak, Ardita. Jjiva Shonita and Rakta-Pitta Pariksha, Adhmana
Ghridrasi, Visvaci etc Chikitsa.[20] Vyapat, Parikartika Vyapat, Parisrava Vyapat,
Su/Chi/9 Chapter (Kustha Chikitsa): Here Susruta Pravahika Vyapat, Hridayopasarana, Vibandha
mentioned about Kusthanidan, Apathy, Pathya Vyapat, Vaman Virechana Vyapat Antar and Vyapat
Ahara, treatment Rupa Avastha Chikitsa, Hetu.[27]
Mahatiktaka and Tiktaka Ghrita, Jalagandaja Su/Ka/1 Chapter (Annapan Raksha Kalpa): Here
Kshara, Svitra Chikitsa, Avalgujadi Lepa, Tuthadi Dhanvantari introduced Susruta and said that king
Lepa, Nila Ghrita, Mahanila Ghrita, other treatments should be protected from Visa. In this chapter a
prescribed for Kustha Chikitsa. Vaman, Virechana in detail description of Mahanasa Adhikari Vaidya,
Kustha, Anya Kustha Ahara Yoga, Vajraka Taila, about Mahanasa, Visa Data Lakshan, modes of
Mahavajraka Taila, Lakshadi Taila, Khadiradi poisoning, features of Vishajusta Anna & Paniya,
Yavagu etc. Pradeha, Uddharsham and Virechana. features of Amasayagata, Pakwasayagata Visha is
Karabhamukra Yoga, importance of Khadiradi Yoga found. Also Susruta mentioned about Lakshan of
in Kustha, Pathya Apathy in Kustha.[21] Sakadi Visha, Dantakashthavisha, Vish in Avyanga,
Su/Chi/10 Chapter (Mahakustha chikitsa): In the Anjana, Paduka, Puspa, Nasya and Visha Samanya
context of treatment of Kustha, Prameha etc. Chikitsa.[28]
Mantha Kalpa, Arista Kalpana, Asava Kalpana in Su/Ka/6 Chapter (Dundubhisvaniya Kalpa): in
Kustha, Sura Kalpana Avaleha Kalpana, Churna this chapter reference of Kalyanaka Ghrita is
Kalpana, Ayaskrita, Ausadha Ayaskrita, Khadira Sara found.[29]
Kalpa, Amrita Valli Yoga, Misraka Sneha, Susruta Su/Utt/39 Chapter (Jwara Pratisedham): Here
described this chapter.[22] Susruta mentioned about Jwara Swabhaba, Jwara
SU/chi/11 Chapter (Prameha chikitsa): Here Pradhan Lakshan, Jwara Bheda, Samprapti, Hetu,
Susruta described Prameha Bheda, Samanya Purvarupa, Vatikadi Jwara Lakshan, Sannipatik
Chikitsa, Pathya, Apathy, Sodhan Vidhi, Medohara Jwara Visista Bheda, Dandaja Jwara, Visama Jwara,
Yoga, special treatment for special patients of Daha Shita Purvaka Jwara, Nirantara Jwara,
Prameha, special treatment for patient having no Dhatugata Jwara, Jwara Vega, Ama Pakwa
money.[23] Jwaralakshan, Ausadh Sevan Kala, Shodhan &
SU/chi/13 Chapter (Madhumeha Chikitsa): Here Shaman Chikitsa, Jwara Karshita Snana Nisedha,
Susruta mentioned about Chikitsa of Madhumeha, SarvaJwara Chikitsa Karma, Jwarasya Gariyastam.[30]
Shilajata Utpatti, Guna etc, Shilajata Uttarottar Su/Utt/40 Chapter (Atisara Pratisedham): In this
Suasthata, Shilajita Samanya Guna, Pradhan chapter there is mentioned about Atisara Nidanam,
Shilajita Lakshana, Yoga of Shilajata, Makshika Samprapti, Bheda, Purvarupa, Vatadi Atisara
Dhatu Yoga, Tuvaraka Taila Yoga.[24] Lakshanam, Purish Pariksha, Atisara Treatment,
Atisarahara Yoga, Gudapaka Upachara, Guda
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