Sapindales

Sapindales /sæpɪnˈdeɪliːz/ is an order of flowering plants. Well-

known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse- Sapindales
chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews;
frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem.

The APG III system of 2009 includes it in the clade malvids (in
rosids, in eudicots) with the following nine families:[2][3][4]

Anacardiaceae
Biebersteiniaceae
Burseraceae Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo)
Kirkiaceae Scientific classification
Meliaceae
Kingdom: Plantae
Nitrariaceae (including Peganaceae and
Tetradiclidaceae) Clade: Tracheophytes
Rutaceae Clade: Angiosperms
Sapindaceae
Clade: Eudicots
Simaroubaceae
Clade: Rosids
The APG II system of 2003 allowed the optional segregation of
Clade: Malvids
families now included in the Nitrariaceae.
Order: Sapindales
In the classification system of Dahlgren the Rutaceae were
Dumortier
placed in the order Rutales, in the superorder Rutiflorae (also
called Rutanae). The Cronquist system of 1981 used a somewhat Families
different circumscription, including the following families:
See text
Staphyleaceae
Melianthaceae
Bretschneideraceae
Akaniaceae
Sapindaceae
Hippocastanaceae
Aceraceae
Burseraceae
Anacardiaceae
Julianiaceae
Simaroubaceae
Cneoraceae
Meliaceae
Phylogeny of the Sapindales based on the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
Rutaceae
IV system (2016)[1]
Zygophyllaceae
The difference from the APG III system is not as large as may
appear, as the plants in the families Aceraceae and
Hippocastanaceae stay in this order at APG III (both included in
family Sapindaceae). The species now composing the family
Nitrariaceae in APG III also belonged to this order in the Cronquist
system as part of the family Zygophyllaceae, while those now in
the family Kirkiaceae were present as part of the family
Simaroubaceae.

Trichostetha bicolor beetles feeding

References on flowers of Agathosma capensis
1. Byng; Chase; Christenhusz; Judd; et al. (2016). "An (Rutaceae)
update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
classification for the orders and families of flowering
plants: APG IV" (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12385).
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181: 1–20.
doi:10.1111/boj.12385 (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.1
2385).
2. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (2009). "An update of
the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the
orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (https://d
oi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x). Botanical Chloroxylon swietenia from
Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. Rutaceae
doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x (https://doi.org/1
0.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x).
3. Muellner, A. N.; D. D. Vassiliades; S. S. Renner (2007).
"Placing Biebersteiniaceae, a herbaceous clade of
Sapindales, in a temporal and geographic context" (htt
p://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Biebersteinia_PSE_2007.pd
f) (PDF). Plant Systematics and Evolution. 266 (3–4):
233–252. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.331.573 (https://citeseerx.ist.
psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.331.573).
doi:10.1007/s00606-007-0546-x (https://doi.org/10.100
7%2Fs00606-007-0546-x). S2CID 6400337 (https://api.s
emanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6400337).
4. Stevens, P.F. (2001–2008). "Angiosperm Phylogeny
Website. Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less
continuously updated since]" (http://www.mobot.org/mob
ot/research/apweb/). Missouri Botanical Garden.

Bibliography
Pell, Susan Katherine (May 2004). Molecular systematics of the cashew family
(Anacardiaceae) (https://web.archive.org/web/20080821121314/http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/avail
able/etd-04152004-101232/unrestricted/Pell_dis.pdf) (PDF). Department of Biological
Sciences, Louisiana State University. Archived from the original (http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/avail
able/etd-04152004-101232/unrestricted/Pell_dis.pdf) (PhD thesis) on 2008-08-21.

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