Optical Distribution Networks (Routing)

Digital Egypt Youth Training Program

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Objective
Objective

• Upon completion of this section, trainees will be able to:

• Understand the basic knowledge of routing protocols;
• Understand the classification of routing;
• Master static-route and configuration;
• Master the principle of VLAN routing.

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 Program Content

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 Content
• Routing Protocols Basic
 IP routing-table
• Classification of Routes
• Static-route Introduction
• VLAN Routing

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 What is Routing?
• Routing is path information which can guide IP packet forwarding.

RTC
RTB Network N

RTA

Other network

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 IP Routing-table
• Routing table contains the destination network that the routers can reach.

[Huawei]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 D 120.0.0.2 Serial1/0/0
8.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 3 D 120.0.0.2 Serial1/0/0
9.0.0.0/8 OSPF 10 50 D 20.0.0.2 Ethernet2/0/0
9.1.0.0/16 RIP 100 4 D 120.0.0.2 Serial1/0/0
11.0.0.0/8 Static 60 0 D 120.0.0.2 Serial2/0/0
20.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 20.0.0.1 Ethernet2/0/0

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 Routing Protocols
• Link layer protocol found routing (Direct)
• Manual configuration static routing (Static)
• Routing discovered by dynamic routing protocol (RIP, OSPF, BGP, etc.)
Routing

Direct Static Dynamic

Interior Gateway Exterior Gateway

Protocol(IGP) Protocol(EGP)
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 Routing Protocols

Dynamic

IGP EGP

RIP EIGRP EGP BGP

OSPF ISIS
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 Longest Match Principle
• If multiple routing entries match the destination network, the router
will choose the longest mask.

.1 20.1.1.0/30 .2 .2 10.1.1.0/30 .1
GE0/0/0
RTA RTB RTC

[RTA]display ip routing-table
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
10.1.1.0/30 Static 60 0 RD 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

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 Routing Preference
OSPF
OSPF
RTA RTB
OSPF 10.1.1.0/30

RIP RIP

[RTA]display ip routing-table
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/30 OSPF 10 3 RD 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
……

protocol type Direct OSPF IS-IS Static RIP

preference 0 10 15 60 100

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 Next-Hop and Interface
• When a router finds a matching routing table item, it needs to know
the next-hop and out-interface to forward the data.

Out-interface Next-hop Destination Network

RTA RTB RTC

20.1.1.1/30 20.1.1.2/30 10.1.1.0/30
G0/0/0 G0/0/0

IP Packet

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 Content
• Routing Protocols Basic
• IP routing-table
 Classification of Routes

• Static-route Introduction
• VLAN Routing

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 Autonomous Systems (AS)
• An IP network, or networks, controlled by one or more operators with
a clear policy that governs how routing decisions are made.

AS100

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 IGP&EGP
AS100
EGP:BGP AS200

IGP:RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, etc.

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 Content
• Routing Protocols Basic
• Static-route Introduction
• VLAN Routing

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 Application for Static Route
• A static route is a special route that is manually configured and
managed by a network administrator.
gateway
Static route

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 Configuring a Static Route (1)
• On the serial interface, static routing can be configured by specifying
the next-hop address or out- interface.

RTA RTB
S0/0/1 S0/0/2
192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24
.1 10.0.12.0/24 .2

[RTB]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.1

[RTB]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 Serial 0/0/2
[RTB]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 Serial 0/0/2

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 Configuring a Static Route (2)
• When configuring static routing on a broadcast interface (such as
Ethernet interface), the next-hop address must be specified.

RTA

192.168.1.0/24

.1

.2 .3
10.0.123.0/24
192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.0/24

RTB RTC

[RTA]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.123.2

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 Default Static Routes
• The default route is a special route use 0 as the destination address
and the mask.
• If the destination address of a packet can not match any of the routing
table entries, the router will forward the message according to the
default route.

RTA RTB
G0/0/1 G0/0/2 192.168.1.0/24
192.168.2.0/24
.1 10.0.12.0/24 .2 192.168.3.0/24

[RTA]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.12.2

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 Default Static Route Check
• After configuration, use command to view the detail.

[RTA]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 5 Routes : 5
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
10.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

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 Content
• Routing Protocols Basic
• Static-route Introduction
• VLAN Routing

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 VLAN Limitations
• VLAN restricts the communication between two hosts in different
VLAN while splitting the broadcast domain.
SWA SWB

PC1 PC2 PC3

192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.2/24 192.168.3.3/24
VLAN 10 VLAN 20 VLAN 30

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 VLAN Limitations

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 VLAN Routing - L3 Switch (1)
• PC1、PC2、PC3 can communicate with each other.
• Create Vlanif interface as gateway for each vlan, configure static-
route.
SWA VLAN 5 SWB
10.1.12.0/24 Vlanif 5:10.1.12.2/24
Vlanif 5:10.1.12.1/24
Vlanif 20:192.168.2.254/24
Vlanif 10:192.168.1.254/24
Vlanif 30:192.168.3.254/24

PC1 PC2 PC3

192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.2/24 192.168.3.3/24
VLAN 10 VLAN 20 VLAN 30

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 VLAN Routing - L3 Switch (2)
• After configuring default-route on SWA, path to PC2/3 will be found
by checking routing-table.so as SWB.
[SWA]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.1.12.2
[SWB]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.1.12.1
[SWA]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 7 Routes : 7

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 10.1.12.2 Vlanif5

10.1.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.12.1 Vlanif5
10.1.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif5
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.1.254 Vlanif10
192.168.1.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif10

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 Inter-VLAN Routing

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Summary
Summary
• The basic knowledge of routing protocols;
• The classification of routing;
• Static-route and configuration;
• The principle of VLAN routing

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 • What is the order in which routing decisions are made?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

• What is the destination address when configure default-route?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 Thank You

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