Computer Unit1 Types of Memory

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Introduction to Computer Memory System
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8th Class
Computers Science
Characteristics of Memory Devices
Introduction to Computer Memory
System

Category : 8th Class


Introduction
You can remember things because they are stored in your memory (brain). Similarly a computer has memory to
store data and information for future use. This is the place where the data and programs get stored before being
processed and the place where the results get stored before being sent as output. Suppose you are asked when
your birthday is or the name of your friends, you will reply immediately because you remember them and this
information is already in your memory A computer also has a memory which stores a lot of information inside it, A
computer stores everything in its memory.

All the data that enters into the computer first get converted into the binary number system. One digit in binary
number system is called bit and combination of eight bits is called byte.
Bit is the smallest measuring unit of computer memory. It means binary digits. Just like we use kilograms and
grams to measure weight, the computer's memory is organized as a collection of bytes.

Units to measure memory are given below:


v Bit = 0 or 1
v 1 Nibble = 4 bits
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v 1 Byte (b) = 8 Bits 

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v 1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 Bits
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Types of Main Memory
Computer memory is a physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently. Memory is the
best storage part of a computer. It is used to save information and programs, etc.

Computer Memories

Primary Memory
Primary Memory is also called volatile memory and it is the internal memory of the computer. This memory is the
memory that loses its contents when the computer or hardware devices loses power. It is generally made up of
semiconductor device.

Features of Primary memory:

It is also known as main memory
Data is lost in case of power being switched off.
It provides main working space to the computer.

RAM (Random Access Memory)
Ram stands for Random Access Memory and is the internal memory of the CPU for storing data, program and
program result.
RAM is the internal memory whose contents can be read. When people talk about computer memory they are
generally referring to the RAM. RAM is volatile i.e. its contents are lost when power is turned off. It also has a limited
storage capacity.

RAM (Random Access Memory) is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs and
data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer's processor. RAM is much faster to 
read than the other kinds of storage device in a computer, such as the hard disk and CD-ROM. However, the data m
RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. When you turn the computer off, RAM loses its data.
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When you turn your computer on again, your operating? system and other files are once again loaded into RAM,
usually from your hard disk.
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RAM is a type of computer memory that can be accessed
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randomly, that is, any byte of memory can be accessed
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without touching the preceding bytes.

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There are two different types of RAM

DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory): DRAM stands for Dynamic RAM. The main operation of
DRAM is reading the data stored in the device writing the data in the device, refreshing the data
periodically, etc.
SRAM (Static Random Access Memory): SRAM stands for static RAM. SRAM doesn’t have to be
periodically refreshed like DRAM. While SRAM provides faster access to data and is more expensive than
DRAM. SRAM is used for computer’s cache memory.

ROM (Read Only Memory)
Rom stands for Read Only Memory and is a type of storage medium that permanently stores data in computers
memory, which cannot be changed. It contains data that normally can only be read, not written to. The data in ROM
is not lost when the computer powder is turned off. It is a type of Non-volatile memory.

There are different types of ROM

PROM
EPROM
EEPROM
Flash EEPROM Memory

1) PROM: PROM stands for Programmable Read Only Memory PROM is a memory chip on which data can be
written only once a program has been written onto a PROM, and it remains there forever.
2) EPROM: EPROM stands for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory Program and instructions written
on EPROM can be read, write or erase. It can be erased by exposing it to strong ultraviolet rays.
3) EEPROM: EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. Program and 
instructions written on EEPROM can be erased with the help of electricity and rewritten.

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1. Given below are the statements about primary memory. Select the correct statements.
(i) Primary memory is also known as main memory
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(ii) ROM and RAM are the two subtypes of primary memory.
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(iii) ROM and hard disk are the short term memory of a computer.
(iv) The contents of ROM remain stored even if power is turned off.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) All of these
(e) None of these
Ans. (c)
2. Match the following:
A B
1. RAM i. Rewritable memory chip
2. ROM ii. Written only once
3. PROM iii. Volatile
4. EPORM iv. Non-volatile

(a) 1 iii, 2 iv, 3 ii, 4 i
(b) 1 iv, 2 iii, 3 ii, 4 i
(c) 1 i, 2 ii, 3 iii, 4 iv
(d) 1 ii, 2 i, 3 iv, 4 iii
(e) None of these
Ans. (a)
Secondary Memory Devices

All computers store and retrieve data. Primary memory has a limited storage capacity and is not permanent.
Secondary storage devices are used to store large amount of data permanently. Secondary memory devices are
external devices and stores data for the future.
Secondary memory devices include magnetic disks like hard drives and optical disks such as CDs and CD-ROM and
magnetic tapes, which are the first forms of secondary memory.

Secondary memory (or secondary storage) is the slowest and cheapest form of memory. It cannot be processed
directly by the CPU. It must first be copied into primary memory (also known as RAM).

Secondary storage (or external memory) differs from primary storage because they are not directly accessible by
the CPU. The computer usually uses its input/output channels to access secondary storage and then transfers the 
desired data using an intermediate area in primary storage. Secondary storage does not lose the data even when
the power goes off?it is non-volatile.
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In modern computers, hard disk drives are usually used as secondary storage. The time taken to access a given
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byte of information stored on a hard disk is typically a few thousandths of a second or milliseconds. By contrast, the
time taken to access a given byte
of information
Customer stored in random access memory is measured in billionths of a
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second or nanoseconds.
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Some other examples of secondary storage technologies are: flash memory (e.g. USB flash drives or keys), paper
tape, punched cards, standalone RAM disks and Iomega Zip drives.
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Types of secondary storage devices in computers are as following:-

Magnetic Tape
Magnetic tape is a sequential storage medium used for data collection. It is a plastic reel similar to long lengths of
movie film.

Magnetic Disk
Magnetic disk is a storage device that uses a magnetization process to write, rewrite and access data. It is covered
with a magnetic coating and stores data in the form of tracks, spots and sectors. Examples of magnetic disk are
Hard-disk.

Magnetic Drum
This storage device is a metallic cylinder coated with a special magnetic alloy.

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disk whose diameter is 5.25 inches or 12cm. It can store 650 MB of information.

DVD
DVD stand for Digitally Versatile Disk. It provides higher storage capacity than a CD. It looks physically same like CD
and also work in the same way as CD does. It can store 4.7 GB of information.

Floppy Disks
Floppy disks are also known as flexible disks. They are permanent sealed in a plastic coated jacket and the entire
package is inserted in the floppy drive for data recording and retrieval.

Hard Disk
Hard disk is a non-volatile type memory hardware device that permanently stores and retrieves data on a computer.
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1. Fill in the blanks.
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(i) Secondary memory Videosare
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______ devices and stores data for the ______
(ii) Secondary memory is not directly accessible by the ________
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(iii) Secondary memory is the _______ and cheapest form of memory.
(a) Internal, Present, Modem, Fastest
(b) External, Future, CPU, Slowest
(c) External, Present, Modem, Medium
(d) Internal, Future, CPU, Slowest
(e) None of these
Ans. (b)
2. Given below are the statements about secondary memory. Select the correct statement.
(i) Flash memory, paper tape and punched cards are the examples of secondary memory.
(ii) Secondary storage devices are used to store small amount of data permanently.
(iii) Secondary storage also loses the data when the power goes off and is called volatile memory.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) Only 1
(d) All of these
(e) None of these
Ans. (c)
Hard Disk
The Hard disk is another type of permanent storage media that is used to store huge volume of data. It is a reliable
storage media. The storage capacity of hard disk is more than 160 GB. A hard disk is physically composed of a
series of flat, magnetically coated platters stacked on a spindle. A hard disk drive consists of many inflexible
magnetic disks mounted on a motor. These disks are turned by high speeds motors. The stored data of hard disk is
read and write by read/write heads. There are four types of hard disk available in the market. They are as follows:

1. ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment)
2. Serial ATA
3. RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disk)
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Introduction to Computer Memory System

v 1 Byte (b) = 8 Bits 

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(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3

(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) All of these

(e) None of these

Ans. (c)

2. Match the following:

Secondary Memory Devices

Types of secondary storage devices in computers are as following:-

(b) External, Future, CPU, Slowest

(c) External, Present, Modem, Medium

(d) Internal, Future, CPU, Slowest

(e) None of these

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 1 and 3

(c) Only 1

(d) All of these

(e) None of these

Ans. (c)

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