ICBT HND

Fundamental of Networking.

Assignment Cover Sheet

Qualification Module Number and Title

HND in Computing / Network Engineering SEC4206 - Fundamentals in Networking /

Network Solution for ABC higher education
institute.
Student Name & No. Assessor

Hand out date Submission Date

Assessment type Duration/Length of Weighting of Assessment

Written Report Assessment Type 40%
3000 Words One Month

Learner declaration

I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully
acknowledged.

Marks Awarded
First assessor

IV marks

Agreed grade

Signature of the assessor Date

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ICBT HND
Fundamental of Networking.

FEEDBACK FORM
INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY
Module: Fundamentals in Networking
Student:
Assessor:
Assignment: Network Solution for ABC higher education institute.

Strong features of your work:

Areas for improvement:

Marks Awarded:

/100

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ICBT HND
Fundamental of Networking.

Learning outcomes covered

LO 01 Understand the fundamentals of networking
LO 02 Understand the functions of networking components
LO 03 Be able to design a client server networked Environment
LO 04 Be able to monitor and troubleshoot client server networked Environment

Scenario

Scenario
ABC higher education institute which is locate in Kandy. They are going to start the
education process with in next six-month time. They are planning to conduct HND Program
in information technology (IT) and diploma in graphic designing. Later they are planning to
expand to BSc in information technology (IT). As the associate network administrator, you
have been asked to design the network for the organization by identifying the requirements
for the network. The following information is given to you and the management has asked
you to design a suitable network.
Proposed Network
1. 30 PC’s for IT LAB 01
2. 15 PC’s for IT LAB 02
3. 15 PC’s for IT Lecturers
4. 5 PC’s for the Maintenance Lecturers
5. 10 PC’s for Library
6. 10 PC’s for Students working area
7. 10 PC’s for the front office
8. 2 PC’s for the Branch Manager (1 laptop)
9. 2 PC’s for the Programmed Manager (1 laptop)
10. 5 PC’s for the Finance Department
11. IT Administration and System support department will have 10 PCs. (minimum 3 servers)
12. 10 PC’s for the Coordination Department
13. Each user will get a login to access the intranet site.
14. Files are to be stored in a central location.
15. Centralized control of the network.
16. One printer for each department.
17. The network admin can access the server remotely
18. The users can access internet through the proxy server
19. Each department and labs are to be in different networks.

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20. Each department uses different class C IP address (private IP address range)
21. The network has the facility to provide IPs dynamically as well.

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Tasks

1. Identify required types of clients and servers (end devices) for ABC higher
education institute and critically discuss your selections. (LO1) (15 Marks)

2. Design a suitable network and match your design with ABC higher education
institute specification (LO3) (25 Marks)
a. Need to show your detailed network diagram clearly

b. Describe your network design clearly by using your own words

3. Discuss on relevant IEEE 802 standards and recommend proper one for the
organization. Evaluate bandwidth requirement for ABC higher education institute
and make suggestions on how to achieve the required throughput requirements. (LO2)
(15 Marks)

a. When selecting bandwidth, carefully show your calculations and justifications.

4. Explain OSI reference model along with protocols and map network devices which
you have used when design your network. (LO2) (20 Marks)

5. Recommend the enhancements you could include into this network in terms of
hardware, software, design, and technology. (LO2, LO4) (20 Marks)

a. Provide honest assessment of the strength and weakness of your network.

b. Provide detail recommendation with innovative ideas

6. Maintain proper document format. (5 Marks)

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Assessment Criteria

This submission will be assessed as follows Total marks Marks obtained by

Allocated the student for the
answer provided
TASK 01 15

TASK 02 25
TASK 03 15
TASK 04 20
TASK 05 20
TASK 06 05
Total Marks 100

Guidelines for the report format

 Submission format Report

 Paper Size: A4
 Words: 3000 words
 Printing Margins: LHS; RHS: 1 Inch
 Binding Margin: ½ Inch
 Header and Footer: 1 Inch
 Basic Font Size: 12
 Line Spacing: 1.5
 Font Style: Times New Roman
 Referencing should be done strictly using Harvard system
 All citation should be given as per "Harvard Referencing Style" for Text, Tables and
Figures
 Late submission will be penalized
 Please refer to the ICBT HND student handbook for further details
 Improper report structure will lead to maximum of 15% reduction in the total
marks.

Note: Any kind of copying and plagiarized text will lead to automatic Re-submission

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Marking Scheme

Task-1 contains 15 marks

Marks Marks
Criteria Available Obtain
Poor
1-4
 Poor identification of end device requirements /15
Satisfactory
 Identify software requirement for selected hardware
 Basic explanation of selected types of servers /15
5-7
 Identify hardware requirement for client devices
 Basic identification of end device requirements

Good
 Good identification of end device requirements
 Good explanation of selected types of servers 8-11 /15
 Good hardware selection for both servers and client
devices
Excellent
 Detail identification of software requirement for client
devices 12-15 /15
 Very good server selection with sound justifications

Task-2 contains 25 marks

Criteria Marks Marks

Available Obtain
Poor
 Poor devices selection 0-6 /25
 Poor device inters connectivity
Satisfactory /25
 Good selection of transmission medias 7-12
 Selected proper interconnecting devices
Good /25
 Followed a good device naming technique
 Good device inter-connectivity 13-19
 Selected a proper IP range to match the requirement

Excellent /25
 Shows logical interconnectivity between devices.
 Justified transmission media selection 20-25
 Good IP address assignment
 Very good explanation of the design

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Task- 3 contains 15 marks

Marks Marks
Criteria Available Obtain
Poor
1-4
 Poor identification of available standards /15
Satisfactory
 Discuss available international standardising bodies
 State all available main standards under IEEE 802 5-8 /15
 Choose proper standards for the given scenario

Good
 Proper identification of services which may require
internet connection with bandwidth usage
9-12 /15
 Proper identification of users who would require
internet services

Excellent
 Proper bandwidth calculation for above scenario with
justifications. 13-15 /15
 Suggested an internet package to match the
requirement

Task- 4 contains 20 marks

Marks Marks
Criteria Available Obtain
Poor
1-4
 Poor OSI model explanation /20
Satisfactory
 Basic explanation of OSI model 5-9 /20
 Discuss network protocols
Good
 Discuss network protocols (minimum ten) in terms
of the given scenario
10-15 /20
 Good explanation of OSI model
 Map all devices used in network design with OSI
model
Excellent
 Discuss network protocols in terms of layered 16-20 /20
architecture along with the network design

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Task- 5 contains 20 marks

Marks Marks
Criteria Available Obtain
Poor
 Poor identification of both hardware and software 1-5 /20
enhancements
Satisfactory
 Basic identification of both hardware and software 6-10 /20
enhancements
Good
 Good assessment of network strengths and 11-15 /20
weaknesses
Excellent
 Proposed enhancements to overcome weaknesses
16-20 /20
 Provide detail recommendation with innovative
ideas

Task- 6 contains 5 marks

Marks Marks
Criteria Available Obtain
Poor 1-2 /5
 Poor use of required documentation
 No proper referencing used
Satisfactory 3 /5
 Basic Use of documentation
 No proper referencing and invalid use of referencing
style
Good 4 /5
 Lack of references.
 Has used Harvard referencing
 Good use of documentation techniques
Excellent 5 /5
 Good use of referencing and documentation
 Has followed Harvard Referencing

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Acknowledgement
This research was supported by the International College of Business & Technology (ICBT).
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my lecturer, who assisted and guided
throughout the given period of the assignment. Also, special thanks should be given to my
parents for supporting me by giving the relevant information and sources to get this project
done. Special thanks should also go to all the colleagues of my batch for sharing information.
This project was successfully completed because of the endless support of everyone until the
end of the assignment.
Thank You,

HND in Software Engineering & Computing (Batch, No.)

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Table of Contents
Acknowledgement....................................................................................................................10
Task 01.....................................................................................................................................11
Network Requirements......................................................................................................11
Computer - Client Computers (Desktop, Laptop, Tablets)...................................11
Server .............................................................................................................................11
Switches..........................................................................................................................12
Routers...........................................................................................................................12
Laptop.............................................................................................................................12
Biometric Scanner........................................................................................................12
CCTV Cameras...............................................................................................................13
VoIP Phone.....................................................................................................................13
Wi-Fi Connection..........................................................................................................13
Hardware and Software Requirements for PC’s and Servers: -..........................13
Task 02.....................................................................................................................................15
Task 03.....................................................................................................................................16
Network Standards...............................................................................................................16
IEEE 802..........................................................................................................................16
Bandwidth Calculation.........................................................................................................17
Task 04.....................................................................................................................................18
Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model.........................................................................18
Physical Layer..................................................................................................................18
Data Link Layer...............................................................................................................18
Network Layer.................................................................................................................19
Transport Layer................................................................................................................19
Session Layer...................................................................................................................19
Presentation Layer............................................................................................................19
Application Layer.............................................................................................................19
Network Protocols................................................................................................................19
Task 05.....................................................................................................................................20
Strengths and Weaknesses of this Network.........................................................................20
Strengths...........................................................................................................................20
Weaknesses......................................................................................................................20
Router...............................................................................................................................20
Switch...............................................................................................................................20
Network Cables................................................................................................................20

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References................................................................................................................................21

Figure 1 a computerInvalid source specified...........................................................................12

Figure 2 server Invalid source specified..................................................................................12
Figure 3 switch Invalid source specified..................................................................................13
Figure 4 RouterInvalid source specified..................................................................................13
Figure 5 Topology....................................................................................................................16
Figure 12IEEE 802 standards (computing.dcu, n.d.)...............................................................18
Figure 13 OSI Layers (Shaw, 2018)........................................................................................19

Task 01
What is a network
A network is a gathering of gadgets, workers, centralized computers, or other network
peripherals to convey or share things among those associated networks.
Network Requirements
Computer - Client Computers (Desktop, Laptop, Tablets)
A computer could be a programmable machine to try and do
calculations and varied operations given by the user. It
responds to a selected set of commands in a very precise
manner and may perform a recorded list of commands (a
program). the pc is running on AN OS like Microsoft
Windows, Linux, mackintosh.
Figure 1 a computerInvalid source
specified. Server

File Server
This server is answerable for storing and retrieving the records
employed by all the computers connected to the network. It
conjointly assistances to share files with all the computers
concerned within the network.
Therefore, I recommend a File Server for the network
infrastructure of institute
Figure 2 server Invalid source
specified.

DHCP Server

A DHCP Server offers scientific discipline addresses to shopper computers that connected to
the server.
Therefore, DHCP Server highly suggested to assign IP addresses for the institute
Network Infrastructure.

DNS Server
This server holds an information of public informatics addresses and their hostnames, and in
farthest cases serves to resolve, or translate, those names to IP’s as wanted.
Therefore, I recommend a DNS Server for the network infrastructure of institute

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Web Server
This is a server computer that use to host websites and stores web content being retrieved.
I recommend a Web Server for this Network infrastructure for future works.

Database Server
This server is a computer system that provides other computers to accessing and retrieving
data from a database.
I recommend having a Database Server for this Network Infrastructure.

Proxy Server
“A proxy server acts as a gateway between you and the internet. It’s an intermediary server
separating end users from the websites they browse.” (PETTERS, 2020)
I recommend having a Proxy Server for the institute
Network Infrastructure

Switches

This device is employed to attach a pair of or additional

computers along. A switch could be a little box with four to eight
LAN ports. These ports may be connected to computers via cable
or telephone line modems, or by alternative switches. This acts as
a controller, to attach computers, printers, and servers to a
Figure 3 switch Invalid source
specified.
network.

Routers
Routers square measure hardware devices that direct
information from space a neighborhood} area network
(LAN) to different network connections. This acts sort of a
coin categorization machine, allowing for less than
approved machines to attach to alternative laptop systems.
A Router connect many networks along and connect
computers on those connected networks to the web.
Figure 4 RouterInvalid source
specified. Laptop
these are transportable computers that may use in numerous places. A portable computer
includes a screen, keyboard, and a trackpad or electronic device intrinsic, that operates
because the mouse. This device contains a reversible battery that permits to use while not
being obstructed into an influence socket.

Biometric Scanner
Biometric devices scan biological parts of an individuals to perform day these days functions,
like authenticating employers. Fingerprint Scanner may be a variety of biometric device
utilized in several industries to examine workers attending by scanning their fingerprint for
security functions.

Therefore, I recommend using a Biometric Scanner.

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VoIP Phone
A VoIP phone is a device that uses the internet instead of a pair of copper wires.
I recommend using a VoIP phone for institute

Sound System for the institute

In institutes, background music sets the mood for your institute

guests while also influencing branding. So, a Sound System can be set up within the institute
to all ten floors.
Therefore, I recommend a Sound System for the Network Infrastructure of the institute

Wi-Fi Connection
Wireless Networks are used to provide high speed internet connection for the users in the
institute
.
CCTV Cameras  
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) refers to a system of video feeds that are transmitted within
a closed system from numerous security cameras. IP CCTV transmits videos and data
through the Internet. These cameras can be used for this institute
specifically, for security purposes.
Therefore, I recommend using IP CCTV Cameras for institute network infrastructure.

Hardware and Software Requirements for PC’s and Servers: -

PC REQUIRMNETS -

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Server requirements-

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Task 02

Figure 5 Topology

Device Ip Address Subnet mask Default Gateway

Router 200.160.11.254 255.255.255.0 200.160.11.254

DNS Server 200.160.11.253 255.255.255.0 200.160.11.254

File Server 200.160.11.252 255.255.255.0 200.160.11.254

Print Server 200.160.11.251 255.255.255.0 200.160.11.254

Database Server 200.160.11.250 255.255.255.0 200.160.11.254

Mail Server 200.160.11.249 255.255.255.0 200.160.11.254

Web Server 200.160.11.248 255.255.255.0 200.160.11.254

PC1 200.160.11.247 255.255.255.0 200.160.11.254

PC2 200.160.11.246 255.255.255.0 200.160.11.254

Printer 200.160.11.245 255.255.255.0 200.160.11.254

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Fundamental of Networking.

Task 03
Network Standards

“Networking standards ensure the interoperability of networking technologies by defining the

rules of communication among networked devices. (webopedia, 2019)”

Lot of businesses have altered to oversee of Ethics in the IT Industry.

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

Improves global competitiveness of U.S. commercial and the American reputation of life.

EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance) and TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)

EIA symbolizes electronic industrial companies in USA and TIA advances the ethics in
telecommunication such as telephone accessories, cables, and fiber optics.

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

This standard means the exchange of data from 146 countries in the world.

ITU (International Telecommunication Union)

this typical is to control international telecommunications such as satellite broadcasting, radio
frequencies, and network structures.

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) and ICANN (Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers)
IANA keeps chronicles of IP addresses been allocated and ICANN is in charge for IP
addressing and for domain name supervision.

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

IEEE inspires growth in fields such as electric engineering and computer science.
IEEE 802

The Institute of electrical and electronic Engineers (IEEE) is an international affiliation and
corporation of experts running closer to the growth, implementation and protection of
generation-targeted services and products. (techopedia, 2019 )

IEEE is a nonprofitmaking enterprise based in 1963. it works entirely toward innovating,

educating and standardizing the electric and electronic improvement enterprise. (techopedia,
2019 )

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Figure 6IEEE 802 standards (computing.dcu, n.d.)

For this network infrastructure, IEE 802.11 standard can be recommended for this
scenario.

Bandwidth Calculation

The which means for the band with is range of bits or bytes that a cable will communicate in
an exceedingly unit time. The unit for the information measure is rate (bits per second). The
information measure conjointly rests on the quantity of usages within the same network at an
equivalent time.
Bandwidth = Data Transmitted (bits)
Time (seconds)
We have 250 concurrent devices and we have limited the speed of the internet to 900Kbps.

(250 X 900 Kbps) =225000Kbps

225000 Kbps = 225Mbps

225 Mbps is our approximate Wi-Fi bandwidth need.

Therefore, I recommend to get, SLT Broadband's FTTX technology’s WEB PREMIER

package.

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Fundamental of Networking.

Task 04
Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model
This model explains a laptop networking framework to implement tool procedures in seven
layers. A procedure in networking terms may be a reasonably collaboration and instruction
decree between 2 networking objects

Figure 7 OSI Layers (Shaw, 2018)

Physical Layer
Data in this layer are transmitted in bit-level characterized with binary expressions (0’s and
1’s). The transmission medium can either be wireless or wired. (Goswami, 2019)

key issue for the physical layer is that the Network Interface Card. Network Interface Card
attaches the computer to associate degree accessible network with the assistance of cables.
Some sorts of cables area unit unprotected twisted combine, protected twisted combine,
coaxial, and fiber optics.

Data Link Layer

“This layer forms frames from the packets that are received from network layer and gives it
to physical layer.” (studytonight, 2019)
Components of this layer are below;
MAC Address
A 48-bit address owed to a device’s network interface card (NIC)
Media Access Control
Media devices are connected to this network. This assistance to communicate media with a
certain plan without any traffic flow.
Logical Link Layer
Flow control limits the data capacity sent at a time. Error Controller displays the despatcher
the corrupted data which stood received or not.

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Network Layer
This layer is that the third level of the OSI Model and the layer that affords information
guiding ways for network communication. information is transferred within the type of
containers (Packets) through logical network pathways during an organized format controlled
by the network layer.
Transport Layer
This layer offers process to process communication which is the rational end to end data
delivery.

Session Layer
Communications are upheld and procedures are synchronized among network nodes in this
layer.

Presentation Layer
Data Conversion, Encoding, and compression is done in this layer to be respectable in the
application layer.

Application Layer
This layer brings the operator interface to a variety of network extensive dispersed data
services.

Network Protocols
A network protocol describes tips and agreements for communication among network
devices. Network protocols contain mechanisms for devices to acknowledge and create
contacts with one another, further as transcription tips that specify however information is
prepackaged into sent and received messages.
Table 1 protocols

OSI Model Protocol

Physical Layer Bluetooth, OTN, DSL, IEEE.802.11
Data Link Layer IEEE.802.3
Network Layer Internet Protocol (IPv4), Internet Protocol
(IPv6)
Transport Layer Transmission Control Protocol (TCP),
Session Layer NetBIOS
Presentation Layer TLS, SSL
Application Layer  HTTP, DHCP, FTP

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Task 05
Strengths and Weaknesses of this Network
Strengths
This network infrastructure contains of switches that area unit coupled to each base that
makes it skillful of being extended within the future. The tasks allotted to each user may be
merely managed and their effort may be accomplished inside the given time. Since there is a
security system (Firewall) protection during this network, there will be no malware attacks
happening. Even the router connected to the present network offers security which can be
comfortable to avoid any attacks.

Weaknesses
Typically, weaknesses do not occur most of the time. At times, once Wi-Fi connections get
sluggish because of over usage, web cannot be accessed in Associate in Nursing applicable
technique. There are a unit times wherever the most switch gets destroyed too. This causes
the whole network infrastructure to breakdown. to beat this example, I have urged three main
switches to the present network infrastructure.

Router
For this network infrastructure, a “D-Link AC2600” Wi-Fi Router may be used. A router
sometimes makes a pathway for the accessible network to cut back traffic. simply just in case
the router breaks down, a further router ought to be unbroken for any emergencies

Switch
For the most switch, a Cisco switch may be used for all floors. “Switches increase on the
market network information measure, scale back the work on individual computers and
increase the network performance.” Invalid supply nominative. There is a unit rare weakness
likewise. “While limiting broadcasts, they're not nearly as good as routers. Broadcast traffic
is also difficult. Network property problems area unit troublesome to be derived. Invalid
supply nominative.”

Network Cables
Currently, most corporations and Institutes use “CAT 6” network cables, meantime it delivers
knowledge transfer rates at a high speed. Network cables deliver high security of information
being transmitted. however, these cables should be maintained on time, since the cables will
break and cause miscommunication in knowledge. Flexibility is weakness in network cables.

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References
computing.dcu, n.d. Networks Reference. [Online]
Available at: https://computing.dcu.ie/~humphrys/Notes/Networks/ref.html
[Accessed 12th July 2019].
Goswami, M., 2019. Physical Layer of the OSI Model: Definition, Components & Media.
[Online]
Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/physical-layer-of-the-osi-model-definition-
components-media.html
[Accessed 18th July 2019].
PETTERS, J., 2020. What is a Proxy Server and How Does it Work?. [Online]
Available at: https://www.varonis.com/blog/what-is-a-proxy-server/
[Accessed 15 May 2020].
Shaw, K., 2018. The OSI model explained: How to understand (and remember) the 7 layer
network model. [Online]
Available at: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3239677/the-osi-model-explained-how-
to-understand-and-remember-the-7-layer-network-model.html
[Accessed 27 May 2020].
studytonight, 2019. Data Link Layer - OSI Model. [Online]
Available at: https://www.studytonight.com/computer-networks/osi-model-datalink-layer
[Accessed 19th July 2019].
techopedia, 2019 . IEEE 802. [Online]
Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/19935/ieee-802
[Accessed 12th July 2019 ].
webopedia, 2019. Networking Standards. [Online]
Available at: https://www.webopedia.com/Networks/Networking_Standards
[Accessed 05th July 2019].

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