I. ENGINEERING MECHANICS 3.

Length of cable
A. Resultant of Forces: 8𝑑3 32𝑑4
𝑺=𝐿+ +
1. Resultant force 3𝐿2 5𝐿3
By Cosine Law:

𝑹 = √𝐹1 2 + 𝐹2 2 G. Catenary Cables:

1. Tension at lowest point
𝐹2 𝑯 = 𝑤𝑐
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 =
𝐹1
2. Tension at highest point
𝑻𝑨 = 𝑻𝑩 = 𝑤𝑦
B. Components of a Force:
1. Components of x and y 3. Distance from ground to cable post
𝑭𝒙 = 𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝒚 = √𝑠 2 + 𝑐 2

𝑭𝒚 = 𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 4. Half distance of span

𝑠+𝑦
𝒙 = 𝑐 𝑙𝑛
𝑐
C. Resultant of Three or More Concurrent Forces:
1. Resultant of three or more forces 5. Total distance of span
𝑳 = 2𝑥
𝑹 = √𝛴𝐹𝑥 2 + 𝛴𝐹𝑦 2
6. Length of cable
𝛴𝐹𝑦 𝑥
𝒔 = 𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ (Half length)
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = 𝑐
𝛴𝐹𝑥
𝑺 = 2𝑠 (Full length)

D. Moment or Torque of a Force:

1. Moment or torque of a force H. Frictional Force:
𝐷
𝑴 = 𝐹𝑟 = 𝐹 ( ) 1. Frictional force:
2
𝐹𝑓 = 𝑓𝑁

E. Forces in Equilibrium: 2. Friction:

1. Resultant force 𝐹𝑓
𝒇 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =
𝜮𝑭𝒙 = 0 ; 𝜮𝑭𝒚 = 0 ; 𝜮𝑴 = 0 𝑁

F. Parabolic Cables:
1. Tension at lowest point
𝑤𝐿2
𝑯=
8𝑑

2. Tension at highest point

𝑤𝑙 2
𝑻𝑨 = 𝑻𝑩 = √𝐻 2 + ( )
2
II. DYNAMICS (KINEMATICS) 2. Horizontal displacement
A. Rectilinear Motion 𝒙 = 𝑉𝒐 cos 𝜃𝑡
1. Uniform motion (Constant Acceleration)
𝑺=𝑉 ×𝑡 3. Vertical displacement
1
𝒚 = 𝑉𝒐 sin 𝜃 − 𝑔𝑡 2
𝑑𝑆 2
𝑽=
𝑑𝑡
4. Equation of path of projectile
𝑑𝑉 1 𝑥 2
𝒂= 𝒚 = 𝑥 tan 𝜃 − 𝑔 ( )
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑉𝒐 cos 𝜃

𝑉2 − 𝑉1 5. Range of projectile
𝒂=
𝑡 𝑉𝑜 2 sin 2𝜃
𝑹=
2𝑔
1
𝑺 = 𝑉1 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
𝟐𝑉𝒐 sin 𝜃
𝒕=
𝑔
𝑽𝟐 𝟐 = 𝑉1 2 + 2𝑎𝑆

6. Maximum of height of the projectile

(𝑉𝒐 sin 𝜃)2
B. Falling Bodies: 𝑯=
2𝑔
1. Falling bodies
𝑉2 − 𝑉1
𝒈= 𝑉𝒐 sin 𝜃
𝑡 𝒕=
𝑔
1
𝑯 = 𝑉1 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
E. Relation of Angular and Peripheral Motion:
𝟐 2 1. Peripheral distance
𝑽𝟐 = 𝑉1 + 2𝑔𝐻
𝑺 = 𝑟𝜃

C. Rotation or Angular Motion: 2. Peripheral velocity

1. ROTATION or ANGULAR MOTION 𝑽 = 𝑟𝜔
𝑉2 − 𝑉1
𝜶=
𝑡 3. Peripheral acceleration
𝒂 = 𝑟𝛼
1
𝜽 = 𝜔1 𝑡 + 𝛼𝑡 2
2 4. Normal acceleration
𝑉2
𝝎𝟐 𝟐 = 𝜔1 2 + 2𝛼𝜃 𝒂𝒏 = = 𝜔2 𝑟
𝑟

5. Centrifugal force
D. Projectile: 𝑚𝑉 2 𝑊𝑉 2
1. Velocity component 𝑭𝒄 = 𝑚𝑎𝑛 = =
𝑟 𝑔𝑟
𝑽𝒙 = 𝑉𝒐 cos 𝜃
6. Total acceleration
𝑽𝒚 = 𝑉𝒐 sin 𝜃
𝒂𝑻 = √𝑎𝑛 2 + 𝑎𝑡 2
III. DYNAMICS (KINETICS) 3. Law of conservation
A. Forces: 𝑴𝑩𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒕 = 𝑴𝑨𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒕
1. Force
𝑊 𝒎𝟏 𝑽𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 𝑽𝟐 = 𝒎𝟏 𝑽𝟏 ′ + 𝒎𝟐 𝑽𝟐 ′
𝑭 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑎
𝑔
𝒎𝟏 𝑽𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 𝑽𝟐 = (𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 )𝑽
2. Reversed Effective Force
(D’ Alembert’s Principle)
𝑊 D. Simple and Conical Pendulum:
𝑹𝑬𝑭 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑎
𝑔 1. Simple pendulum
𝑽 = √2𝑔ℎ
Apply REF and treat as statics conditions:
𝜮𝑭𝒙 = 0 ; 𝜮𝑭𝒚 = 0 ; 𝜮𝑴 = 0
𝑉2
𝒉=
2𝑔
3. Work-energy method
𝑲𝑬𝟐 = 𝐾𝐸1 + (+𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘) + (−𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘)
𝐿
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 = 2𝜋√
𝑔
B. Work, Energy and Power:
1. Work 2. Conical pendulum
𝑾 = 𝐹𝑥 𝐹𝑐 𝜔2 𝑟
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 = =
𝑊 𝑔
2. Kinetic energy
1
𝑲𝑬 = 𝑚𝑉 2
2 E. Centrifugal and Centripetal Force:
1. Centrifugal force
3. Potential energy 𝑚𝑉 2 𝑊𝑉 2
𝑷𝑬 = 𝑊ℎ = 𝑚𝑔ℎ 𝑭𝒄 = = = 𝑚𝜔2 𝑟
𝑟 𝑔𝑟

4. Power
𝐹𝑑
𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 = = 𝐹𝑣 F. Kinetic Energy of a Rotating Body:
𝑡
1. Kinetic energy
1 1 1
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑊𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑲𝑬 = 𝑚𝑉 2 = 𝑚(𝑘𝜔)2 = 𝐼𝜔2
𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 = = 2 2 2
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
2. Torque
𝑻 = 𝐹𝑟 = 𝐼𝛼
C. Impulse and Momentum:
1. Impulse 3. Moment of inertia
𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒔𝒆 = 𝐹𝑡 𝑰 = 𝑚𝑘 2

2. Momentum
𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎 = 𝑚𝑉 G. Simple Harmonic Motion:
1. Simple harmonic motion
𝑽𝑩 = 𝜔√𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2

𝒂𝑩 = 𝜔2 𝑥
 2. Time of complete oscillation
2𝜋
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 =
𝜔

3. General formula the period of motion

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑻 = 2𝜋√
𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

H. Banking and Unbanked Highway Curves:

1. Ideal angle of banking
𝑉2
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 =
𝑔𝑟

2. With frictional force on a banked curve

𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝝁 = 𝑓 = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑉2
𝒕𝒂𝒏 ( 𝜽 + 𝝁) =
𝑔𝑟

3. Unbanked highway curves

𝑾=𝑁

𝑭𝒇 = 𝐹𝑐

𝑉2
𝒇=
𝑔𝑟