JOSSAN AGUSTIN REVIEWER IN INTENSIVE ENGLISH VERB AND NOUNS

MAJOR in VALUES EDUCATION (PROPER & COMMON NOUNS)

CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS

-generally, nouns are divided into two. Common and Proper noun.

 Common nouns refer to generic things.

-are words to used to name any member of the class of the things. These words
are generally used to identify all of the members of the same class.

- are words used to name any member of the class of things. These words are
generally used to identify all of the members of the same class.

Example: country, women, city, subjects, book, pencil, banana

Note: When written, common nouns should not be capitalized unless they are used to begin
sentences.

 Proper nouns refer to specific things.

-are particular or distinctive names of persons, places, things, or events. When

written, these should be always capitalized.

Person: Jamie Clark, Jazmine, Jeanette Clark

Places: Laoag City
Institution: Mariano Marcos State University
Events: Foundation Anniversary, Christmas

General example: province Ilocos Norte

(common) (proper)

Classes of Nouns

-Specifically, nouns are divided into four classes.

1. Concrete noun- is a word used to name anything which has actual physical existence. It has
form, shape, or volume. It is perceptible by touch and is visible; hence, it is tangible.

Example: chair, plant, soil, fertilizer, eraser, laptop, video

2. Abstract noun- is a word used to name a concept or an idea which has no actual

3. Collective nouns refer to groups of people or thing. Use to identify a collection/group.

Ex: herd, school, army, jury, organization.

4. Compound noun- two or more nouns. Considered as one of them or as a unit.

Ex. Brainchild, editor-in-chief, sunflower

Mass nouns- names of things or ideas that cannot be literally counted, like sugar, salt,
soil,, milk, etc,. They cannot be made plural by adding s/es.

Ex. Mass Noun Singular Plural

Air a puff of air puffs of air

5. Object of the preposition-noun that serves as an object.

Ex; Allen live in a yacht. ( yacht is the obj. of the preposition in)
Clark hid under the table. (table is the obj. of the preposition the)

6. Appositive-renaming or identifying the person/thing first mentioned.

Ex; James Allen, my husband, is one of the awardees. (husband, appositive)

Collie, a convertible car- is very expensive. (convertible car, appositive)

(Appositive are always set off by commas)

MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY--COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

JOSSAN AGUSTIN REVIEWER IN INTENSIVE ENGLISH VERB AND NOUNS
MAJOR in VALUES EDUCATION (PROPER & COMMON NOUNS)

7. Objective complement- it is a noun used after the direct object to complete the meaning
expressed by the verb. It is a word or group of words used to tell something about the direct
object in connection with the meaning cited by the verb.

Ex: The Board of Regents elected Dr. Shirley C. Agrupis the President of
MMSU. (PRESIDENT-OBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT).

Rodrigo Duterte appointed James Caesar Ventura the Commissioner of

NYC.

(Objective complements are not set off by commas)

8. Direct address- it is the name or word used in directly addressing or calling the attention of
the person addressed. (underlined words are direct address).

Ex; Romeo, wherefore art thou?

Democracy, where are you in the country?

8 classes of Pronoun.

PERSONAL INDEFINITE RECIPROCAL

IMPERSONAL RELATIVE INTERROGATIVE
DEMONSTRATIVE REFLEXIVE

1. Personal pronoun are words in lieu of persons.

Ex; Singular Personal Pronoun Plural Personal Pronoun

I, You, He, She, It We, You, They
Me, her, him us, them

Personal Pronoun attributes:

1.) Person (1st, 2nd, 3rd, person)
2.) Number (singular or plural)
3.) Gender (masculine, feminine)
4.) Case (nominative, objective, possessive, reflexive)

2. Impersonal pronoun- a pronoun that does not stand for anything.

Ex; It was so absurd!

3. Demonstrative pronoun- specifically demonstrate--also called definite pronoun.

Ex; SINGULAR PLURAL

This, that These, Those

4. Indefinite pronoun- represents an object generally indeterminate. Does not identify an object.

Ex; everybody, anybody, anyone, everyone, someone, somebody, each, none,

another, some, several, few, most or many.

5. Relative pronoun- relates to an antecedent and introduces clause.

Ex; who, which, that, where, when

He who fears the lord is a Christian. (antecedent of “who” is “he”)

6. Reflexive pronoun- an objective case that is identical with the subject serves as the object of
the verb.

Ex; himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself, yourselves, ourselves

He nominated himself.

MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY--COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

JOSSAN AGUSTIN REVIEWER IN INTENSIVE ENGLISH VERB AND NOUNS
MAJOR in VALUES EDUCATION (PROPER & COMMON NOUNS)

7. Reciprocal- denotes reciprocal action or relation.

Ex; each other, one another

God expects all men to love one another.

8. Interrogative pronoun- it is a pronoun used to introduce question.

Ex; which, whose, what , who, where, when, why.

Whose pen is this?

2. Gender- is the property of a noun that determines the sex of the noun mentioned.

A. Masculine gender- refers to the condition or quality of being that of a male sex.

Ex; man, boy, James, hero, king

B. Feminine gender-…………female sex

Ex; woman, girl, jeannete, herione, queen

C. Common gender-……………..being that of a male or of a female

Ex; horse, parent, teacher, student, dancer

D. Neuter gender- refers to the condition or quality of being that of a male or of the
female. The term is applicable to both make sex.

Ex; picture, eyeglasses, wallet, bottles, cellphones, medicine.

Case of nouns- shows the relation of the noun to other words in sentence.

3CASES

A. Nominative case- condition/state or agreeing with or in apposition to the subject.

Ex. Jamie sings melodiously. (The name Jamie is the subject and it is nominative case)

B. Objective case- gramatical characteristics denoting the identity of the object of the transitive
verb.

Ex: Jamie sings a song. (SINGS-VERB, SONG-OBJECT)

C. Possessive case- denotes possession/ownership.

Ex: Jasmines plate was broken. (Jasmine’s plate was indicated that the plate is owned by
Jasmine)

MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY--COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

JOSSAN AGUSTIN REVIEWER IN INTENSIVE ENGLISH VERB AND NOUNS
MAJOR in VALUES EDUCATION (PROPER & COMMON NOUNS)

What Is a Verb? Definition and Types

What is a verb?

Verbs are an important part of the English language. Without them, sentences wouldn’t
have any action. Develop an understanding of what verbs really are and explore the various types
of verbs used in the English language along with sample sentences.

 Verb Definition and Examples

Simply put, a verb can be defined as a word that expresses an action or a state of being.
Most verbs provide key information about the subject of a sentence and are central to the
sentence's predicate. Whether a verb is literally performing the action in the sentence or merely
linking the subject to the rest of the information, they're always "doing" something. Verbs are the
busybodies of sentences that serve to bring the entire thought to completion.

 Verb Examples: Describing Action

Some verbs describe what action is being performed by the subject of the
sentence. In the sentence examples throughout this article, the subject is underlined and
the verb is bold.

She ironed her dress. (The action is ironing)

He drove to the mountains. (The action is driving)

 Verb Examples: Describing State of Being

Some verbs describe the state of being of the subject.

She feels tired. (The state of being is feeling tired.)

He prefers coffee. (The state of being is preferring coffee.)

What Is a Verb? 6 Types

While all verbs express action or describe a state of being, there are not just two types of
verbs. Explore six key verb types to further expand your knowledge of this all-important part of
speech.

1. Action Verbs

Most verbs are action verbs. As the name indicates, these verbs describe actions.
They describe things a person can do or demonstrate. For example, when you're playing
Simon Says, Simon can ask you to do things like hop, skip, pat your head, or make a pair
of moccasins. There are many examples of action verbs.

to accept - She accepted the job offer.

to ask - She asked to borrow a pencil.
to bake - Elizabeth baked a carrot cake.
to sing - He sings in the choir.

Note: Action verbs can be either transitive or intransitive.

MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY--COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

JOSSAN AGUSTIN REVIEWER IN INTENSIVE ENGLISH VERB AND NOUNS
MAJOR in VALUES EDUCATION (PROPER & COMMON NOUNS)

2. Transitive Verbs

Sounds technical and tricky, right? Fear not. Transitive verbs simply express an
action. Seems on par with what a verb is, right? The only thing to note with this category
of verbs is that they're always followed by a direct object, which is someone or
something that's receiving the action of the verb. With transitive verbs, an object is
required.

Sentences with transitive verbs follow the pattern subject, verb, direct object. In
the examples below, the subject is underlined, the transitive verb is bold, and the direct
object is italicized.

Molly drove the car.

Sam wants a bike.
Aileen wrote a poem.
Joshua ate the noodles.
Sarah cleaned the kitchen.

3. Intransitive Verbs

Intransitive verbs are also verbs that show action. Unlike transitive verbs, they
are ones that are not followed by a direct object. Nothing is receiving the action of the
verb. Instead, the action is being performed by the subject of the sentence.

The plane lands at 5 o'clock.

I arrived at the coffee shop.
My dog lies by the couch.
Together, we sat on the stone wall.
We went to the coffee shop.

Note:Some verbs can be either transitive or intransitive; the type depends on how
the verb is used in a sentence.

4. Linking Verbs

Linking verbs do not express action. Rather, they connect the subject to the
additional information that's about to come. In other words, they link the subject to
details about the subject. Various forms of the verb "to be" are linking verbs, including
verbs like "am," "is," "are," and "were." There are many additional examples of linking
verbs.

Damien is an expert craftsman.

I am Jennifer.
The car was here.
We were exhausted after the trip.

Note:Some words (such as smell, look or appear) can be used as linking verbs or
action verbs. With these words, it's important to consider the function the verb is
performing in the sentence in order to identify the type.

5. Helping Verbs

Helping verbs do exactly what it seems like they should do. They help. That is,
they help the main verb of the sentence by extending its meaning. They are used in cases
where the linking verb on its own is not sufficient to form a complete thought or sentence.
In the examples below, the helping verb is bold and italicized, while the linking verb
is bold and underlined.

I have been there before.

I am walking to the store.
We are reading the book together.
He will run for president.

MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY--COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

JOSSAN AGUSTIN REVIEWER IN INTENSIVE ENGLISH VERB AND NOUNS
MAJOR in VALUES EDUCATION (PROPER & COMMON NOUNS)

6. Stative Verbs

Stative verbs are more difficult to identify as verbs. They describe a position or
state of being; they have no duration, no beginning and no end. They're more intangible
than action verbs. While they don't perform any action, notice that they're typically
followed by a direct object, which is italicized in the examples below.

You deserve a prize.

Jane dislikes humidity.
She hates eating contests.
Henry loves billiards.

What Are Verb Tenses?

The tense of a verb tells you when a person did something or when
something existed or happened. In English, there are three main tenses:
the present, the past, and the future.

 The present
The present tense (e.g. I am, she works, we swim, they believe) is also called
the present simple or simple present. It's mainly used in the following ways:

to describe things that are currently happening or that are currently

or always the case (I love chocolate ice cream; my parents are in New York
this week; he has fair hair and blue eyes; some birds eat worms and insects).

to talk about something that exists or happens regularly

(she goes out every Saturday night; it always rains here in winter;
I start work at 7.30 a.m.).

to refer to a future situation in certain cases and in some

subordinate clauses (the bus arrives in London at 6 p.m.; I'll make us some
coffee when we get home).

 The past
The past tense (e.g. I was, he talked, we had, they worked) is also called
the past simple or simple past. As its description implies, it’s used to talk about
things or situations which happened in the past, that is, before the present time
of speaking. Its main uses are as follows:

to refer to an event or situation which happened once and is now

finished (I met Lisa yesterday; we ate a huge breakfast this morning;
they walked ten miles that day; you told me that before).

to describe a situation that lasted for a longer time in the past but is
now finished (he went to college for four years; my family lived in Oxford
in the 1980s; I loved her for ages but never told her).

MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY--COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

JOSSAN AGUSTIN REVIEWER IN INTENSIVE ENGLISH VERB AND NOUNS
MAJOR in VALUES EDUCATION (PROPER & COMMON NOUNS)

to talk about an event that happened regularly or repeatedly but is

now over (she called for help over and over again; we ate out every night
last week; I phoned him three times today).

 The future
The future tense (e.g. I shall [or will] go; he will talk; we shall [or will]
have; they will work) is used to refer to things that haven’t yet happened at the
present time of speaking, but which are due, expected, or likely to occur in the
future. Here are the main situations in which the future is used:

to give or ask for information about the future (you will be in

California tomorrow; how long will the journey take?; OK, I’ll write that
report on Thursday).

to talk about things that we think are likely or possible to happen in

the future, but which aren’t completely certain (I think she’ll
retire soon; he won’t [will not] stay married to her for
long; you’ll never lose weight, you like food too much).

to refer to conditional situations, namely things that will or may

happen if something else occurs (if it’s hot I’ll go swimming later; you’ll
get stressed out if you work all the time).

to make promises or threats, or to state decisions at the time of

speaking (Fine, I’ll call you soon; Are you going into town? We’ll give you a
lift; I’ll never speak to you again).

Note: The future tense is formed with will (or shall) and the
infinitive of the verb without ‘to’. Learn more about when to
use will or shall.

Continuous and perfect tenses

There are two further types of tense: the continuous and the perfect.
These tenses are sometimes referred to as aspects rather than tenses. The
term aspect is used in grammar to talk about the form of a verb that shows, for
example, whether the action happens once or repeatedly, is completed or still
continuing.

 Continuous
These tenses (also called progressive tenses) are used to talk about
actions that continue for a period of time. They are formed with the relevant
tense of the auxiliary verb to be and the present participle of the main verb.
There are three main continuous tenses:

the present continuous (I am working)

the past continuous (I was working)
the future continuous (I will be working)

MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY--COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

JOSSAN AGUSTIN REVIEWER IN INTENSIVE ENGLISH VERB AND NOUNS
MAJOR in VALUES EDUCATION (PROPER & COMMON NOUNS)

 Perfect
Perfect tenses are typically used to talk about actions that are completed
by the present or a particular point in the past or future. They are formed with
the relevant tense of the auxiliary verb to have and the past participle of the main
verb. There are three main perfect tenses:

the present perfect (I have worked)

the past perfect (I had worked)

the future perfect (I will have worked)

Awanen mga Bitch. Agresearch kay met ah.

Mamalas kayo hmpf
HAHAHAHAHAHHAAHHA

MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY--COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION