Measures of Position

Lesson 1
Quartiles for
Ungrouped Data
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Quartiles
1 points that divide a ranked data into four equal parts. Each set of data has three
quartiles denoted by 𝑄𝑖 , where 𝑖 = 1, 2, 3.
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Quartiles
First Quartile (𝑸𝟏 ) – a number such that 25% of the data

are smaller in value than 𝑄1 and 75% are larger. It
represents the middle value of all values to the left of the
median. It is also called the lower quartile. If there are 𝑛
1
observations in a set of data, the first quartile is the 4 (𝑛 +
1)th observation when the data are arranged ascendingly.
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Quartiles
Second Quartile (𝑸𝟐 ) – a number such that 50% of the

data are below and above in value than 𝑄2 . It is also called
the median. If there are 𝑛 observations in a set of data,
1
the second quartile is the 2 (𝑛 + 1)th observation when the
data are arranged ascendingly.
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Quartiles
Third Quartile (𝑸𝟑 ) – a number such that 75% of the data

are smaller in value than 𝑄3 and 25% are larger. It represents
the middle value of all values to the right of the median. It is
also called the upper quartile. If there are 𝑛 observations in
3
a set of data, the third quartile is the (𝑛 + 1)th observation
4
when the data are arranged ascendingly.
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Quartiles
The following illustration shows the position of the three

quartiles in a ranked data, where 𝐿 and 𝐻 are the lowest and
highest values, respectively.
25% 25% 25% 25%

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Interquartile Range
2 the difference between the upper and lower quartiles of a set of data. It is used to
measure the spread of a set of data; this is because it is not affected by outliers.
Interquartile Range = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
Example:
If 𝑄3 = 15 and 𝑄1 = 4, then
Interquartile Range = 15 − 4 = 𝟏𝟏.

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Example 1: Given a set of data with 𝑄1 = 45.5, 𝑄2 = 58.25,

and 𝑄3 = 84.55, find the interquartile range.
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Example 1: Given a set of data with 𝑄1 = 45.5, 𝑄2 = 58.25,

and 𝑄3 = 84.55, find the interquartile range.
Solution:
Substitute 𝑄3 and 𝑄1 into the formula for interquartile range.
Interquartile Range = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
= 84.55 − 45.5
= 39.05
Therefore, the interquartile range is 𝟑𝟗. 𝟎𝟓.

Try It!
Example 2: The values in a set of data are as follows: 12, 12,

13, 16, 14, 22, 17, 19, 25, 21, 15, 13, 16, 18, 20. Find 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 ,
and 𝑄3 .
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13, 16, 14, 22, 17, 19, 25, 21, 15, 13, 16, 18, 20. Find 𝑄1 ,𝑄2 ,
and 𝑄3 .
Solution:
1. Arrange the set of data in ascending order and determine
the number of observations.
The set of data has 15 observations. Arrange the data in

ascending order.
12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 15, 16, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25
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13, 16, 14, 22, 17, 19, 25, 21, 15, 13, 16, 18, 20. Find 𝑄1 ,𝑄2 ,
and 𝑄3 .
Solution:
2. Solve for 𝑄1 .
1 1
𝑄1 is found on the 4 𝑛 + 1 𝑡ℎ observation. Solve for 4 (𝑛 + 1)
with 𝑛 = 15.
1 1
𝑛 + 1 = 15 + 1
4 4
=4
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13, 16, 14, 22, 17, 19, 25, 21, 15, 13, 16, 18, 20. Find 𝑄1 ,𝑄2 ,
and 𝑄3 .
Solution:
Therefore, 𝑄1 is found on the 4th observation. In the

arranged set of data, the 4th observation is 13.
Therefore, 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟏𝟑.
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13, 16, 14, 22, 17, 19, 25, 21, 15, 13, 16, 18, 20. Find 𝑄1 ,𝑄2 ,
and 𝑄3 .
Solution:
1 1
with 𝑛 = 15.
1 1
𝑛 + 1 = 15 + 1
2 2
=8
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13, 16, 14, 22, 17, 19, 25, 21, 15, 13, 16, 18, 20. Find 𝑄1 ,𝑄2 ,
and 𝑄3 .
Solution:
Thus, 𝑄2 is found on the 8th observation. In the arranged set

of data, the 8th observation is 16.
Therefore, 𝑸𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔.
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13, 16, 14, 22, 17, 19, 25, 21, 15, 13, 16, 18, 20. Find 𝑄1 ,𝑄2 ,
and 𝑄3 .
Solution:
3 3
with 𝑛 = 15.
3 3
𝑛 + 1 = 15 + 1
4 4
= 12
Try It!

13, 16, 14, 22, 17, 19, 25, 21, 15, 13, 16, 18, 20. Find 𝑄1 ,𝑄2 ,
and 𝑄3 .
Solution:
So 𝑄3 is found on the 12th observation. In the arranged set of

data, the 12th observation is 20.
Therefore, 𝑸𝟑 = 𝟐𝟎.
Lesson 2:
Deciles for
Ungrouped Data
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2 The deciles are points that divide a ranked data into ten
equal parts. Each set of data has nine deciles.
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First decile (𝑫𝟏 ) divides the set of data into the lower 10% and
the upper 90% of the data.
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Second decile (𝑫𝟐 ) divides the set of data into the lower 20%
and the upper 80% of the data.
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Third decile (𝑫𝟑 ) divides the set of data into the lower 30%
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Fourth decile (𝑫𝟒 ) divides the set of data into the lower 40%
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Fifth decile (𝑫𝟓 ) divides the set of data into the lower 50%
and the upper 50% of the data. This is also the median of the
data.
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Sixth decile (𝑫𝟔 ) divides the set of data into the lower 60%
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Seventh decile (𝑫𝟕 ) divides the set of data into the lower 70%
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Eight decile (𝑫𝟖 ) divides the set of data into the lower 80%
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Nineth decile (𝑫𝟗 ) divides the set of data into the lower 90%
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The following illustration shows the position of the nine

deciles in a ranked data, where 𝐿 and 𝐻 are the lowest and
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If there are observations in a set of data, then the decile 𝐷𝑖 can

𝑖
be found on the 𝑛 + 1 𝑡ℎ observation. For example, 𝐷3 , is on
10
3
the 𝑛 + 1 𝑡ℎ observation.
10
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Example 1: Consider the following set of scores. Arrange the set

of data in ascending order and divide them into 10 equal groups
accordingly.
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Example 1: Consider the following set of scores. Arrange the set of data
in ascending order and divide them into 10 equal groups accordingly.
Solution:
Arrange the data in ascending order so that we can group
them accordingly.
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Example 1: Consider the following set of scores. Arrange the set of data
in ascending order and divide them into 10 equal groups accordingly.
Solution:
Since there are 20 scores in the set,
there will be scores per group. Thus,
let’s group the scores such that there
are two scores per group.
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Example 2: Determine 𝐷3 and 𝐷8 of the data below

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Solution:
1. Arrange the data in ascending order.
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Solution:
2. Solve for 𝐷3 .
3 3
𝐷3 is found on the 10 𝑛 + 1 𝑡ℎ observation. Solve for 10 (𝑛
+ 1) with 𝑛 = 9.
3 3
𝑛+1 = 9+1
10 10
=3
Try It!
Solution:
Therefore, 𝐷3 is found on the 3rd observation. In the

arranged set of data, the 3rd observation is 81.
Therefore, 𝑫𝟑 = 𝟖𝟏.
Try It!

.
Solution:
8 8
𝐷8 is found on the 10 𝑛 + 1 𝑡ℎ observation. Solve for 10 (𝑛
+ 1) with 𝑛 = 9.
8 8
𝑛+1 = 9+1
10 10
=8
Try It!

.
Solution:
Thus, 𝐷8 is found on the 8th observation. In the arranged set

of data, the 8th observation is 91.
Therefore, 𝑫𝟖 = 𝟗𝟏.
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Example 3: Determine the lower 20% of the scores below.

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Example 3: Determine the lower 20% of the scores

below.
Solution:
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below.
Solution:
2. Solve for 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 20% = 𝐷2 .
Since we would like to identify the lower 20% of the scores, we
have to determine the score which cuts off the lower 20% of the
scores. This cutoff point is 𝐷2 .
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below.
Solution:
2 2
𝐷2 is found on the 𝑛 + 1 𝑡ℎ observation. Solve for (𝑛
10 10
+ 1) with 𝑛 = 15.
2 2
𝑛+1 = 15 + 1
10 10
= 3.2
Try It!

below.
Solution:
This means that the location of 𝐷2 is between the 3rd and 4th
observations. We can determine the specific value of 𝐷2 by taking
the 3rd observation then adding 0.2 times the difference
between the 3rd and 4th observations.
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below.
Solution:
𝐷2 = 79 + 0.2 80 − 79
𝐷2 = 79 + 0.2 1
𝐷2 = 79 + 0.2
𝐷2 = 79.2
Try It!

below.
Solution:
3. Determine the scores included in
the lower 20% of the set of scores.
Since 𝐷2 =79.2, scores lower than 79.2

belong to the lower 20% of the set of
scores. Thus, the scores that belong
to the lower 20% are 76, 78, and 79.
Lesson 3
Percentiles for
Ungrouped Data
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Percentiles
3 points that divide a ranked data into 100 equal parts. Each set of data has 99
percentiles denoted by 𝑃𝑖 , where 𝑖 = 1, 2, … , 99.
𝑖
The 𝑖th percentile is located on the (𝑛 + 1)th observation
∙
100
of a set of data when arranged ascendingly.
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Example:
Find 𝑃36 given the data below.
54 56 57 59 61
62 62 64 67 69
70 71 73 74 78
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Since there are 𝑛 = 15 data values arranged in ascending

order, the 36th percentile or 𝑃36 is located on the
36
∙ (15 + 1)th observation.
100
36
∙ 15 + 1 = 5.76
100
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Thus, the 36th percentile is located between the 5th and the
6th observation of the set of data. To determine the exact
value, add the value of the 5th observation to 0.76 of the
difference between the 6th and the 5th observations.
𝑃36 = 61 + 0.76 62 − 61
= 61 + 0.76 1
= 61 + 0.76
= 61.76
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Thus, 𝑃36 = 61.76. The 36th percentile 𝑃36 shows that this
particular score is higher than 36% of all scores.
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Example 1: Given a set of data with 999 observations, where

does 𝑃12 lie?
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Solution:
To determine the location where 𝑃12 lies, we use the formula
𝑖
100
∙ (𝑛 + 1).
𝑖 12
∙ 𝑛+1 = 999 + 1
100 100
= 120
Therefore, 𝑃12 lies on the 120th observation.
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Example 2: Determine 𝑃20 in the set of data below.
22 5 7 34 25 11
31 13 36 33 18 19
30 5 23 24 10 29
21 12 15 33 8 13
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Solution:
5 5 7 8 10 11
12 13 13 15 18 19
21 22 23 24 25 29
30 31 33 33 34 36
Try It!
Solution:
Determine where 𝑃20 lies.
𝑖
We use the formula 100
∙ (𝑛 + 1) with 𝑖 = 5 5 7 8 10 11
20 to locate 𝑃20 in the set of data. 12 13 13 15 18 19
𝑖 20 21 22 23 24 25 29
∙ 𝑛+1 = 24 + 1
100 100 30 31 33 33 34 36
=5
Thus, 𝑃20 lies on the 5th observation.

Therefore, 𝑷𝟐𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎.
Lesson 4
Quartiles for
Grouped Data
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Quartiles
The first quartile (𝑄1 ) is a number such that 25% of the

data are smaller in value than 𝑄1 and 75% are larger. It
represents the middle value of all values to the left of the
median. It is also called the lower quartile.
Learn about It!
Quartiles
The second quartile (𝑄2 ) is a number such that 50% of the

data are below and above in value than 𝑄2 . It is also called
the median.
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Quartiles
The third quartile (𝑄3 ) is a number such that 75% of the data
are smaller in value than 𝑄3 and 25% are larger. It represents
the middle value of all values to the right of the median. It is
also called the upper quartile.
Learn about It!
Quartiles
The following illustration shows the position of the three

quartiles in a ranked data, where 𝐿 and 𝐻 are the lowest and
25% 25% 25% 25%

Learn about It!
Q Steps in Solving for Quartiles of Grouped Data
1. Construct the less than cumulative frequency (< 𝑐𝑓)

column of the grouped data.
2. Determine the 𝑄𝑖 class.
𝑖
• First, solve for 4 ∙ 𝑛, where 𝑛 is the total frequency. Then,
𝑖
identify the closest < 𝑐𝑓 that is greater than ∙ 𝑛. The
4
class of this < 𝑐𝑓 is the 𝑄𝑖 class.
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3. Use the following formula to determine the value of 𝑄𝑖 .

𝑖
⋅ 𝑛 −< 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑄𝑖 = 𝐿 + 4 𝑤,
𝑓
where,
𝐿 is the lower-class boundary of the 𝑄𝑖 class;
𝑛 is the total frequency;
< 𝑐𝑓𝑏 is the less than cumulative frequency before the 𝑄𝑖
class;
𝑓 is the frequency of the 𝑄𝑖 class; and
𝑤 is the width of the class interval.
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Interquartile Range
IQ the difference between the upper and lower quartiles of a set of data. It is used to
measure how spread out a set of data is since it is not affected by outliers.
The interquartile range is given by the following formula.
𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
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IQR Interquartile Range

the difference between the upper and lower quartiles of a set of data. It is used to
measure how spread out a set of data is since it is not affected by outliers.
Example:
If 𝑄3 = 11.5 and 𝑄1 = 4.2, then
𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 11.5 − 4.2

= 𝟕. 𝟑
Try It!
Example 1: Determine the 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 , and 𝑄3 classes of the

frequency distribution below.
𝑪𝒊 𝒇 < 𝒄𝒇
96 – 110 5 45
81 – 95 8 40
66 – 80 10 32
51 – 65 12 22
36 – 50 6 10
21 – 35 4 4
𝑛 = 45
Try It!
Solution:
1. Determine the 𝑄1 class.
𝑖
Solve for ⋅ 𝑛 with 𝑖 = 1 and 𝑛 = 45.
4
𝑖 1
⋅ 𝑛 = ⋅ 45
4 4
= 11.25
Try It!
To locate the 𝑄1 class, look for the class of the closest < 𝑐𝑓 that
is greater than 11.25. This is the class whose < 𝑐𝑓 is 22.
96 – 110 5 45
81 – 95 8 40
66 – 80 10 32
51 – 65 12 22 𝑸𝟏 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬
36 – 50 6 10
21 – 35 4 4
𝑛 = 45
Try It!
𝑖
4
𝑖 2
⋅ 𝑛 = ⋅ 45
4 4
= 22.5
Try It!
96 – 110 5 45
81 – 95 8 40
66 – 80 10 32 𝑸𝟐 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬
51 – 65 12 22
36 – 50 6 10
21 – 35 4 4
𝑛 = 45
Try It!
𝑖
4
𝑖 3
⋅ 𝑛 = ⋅ 45
4 4
= 33.75
Try It!
96 – 110 5 45
81 – 95 8 40 𝑸𝟑 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬
66 – 80 10 32
51 – 65 12 22
36 – 50 6 10
21 – 35 4 4
𝑛 = 45
Try It!
Example 2: Solve for 𝑄1 of the grouped data below.

𝑪𝒊 𝒇 < 𝑐𝑓
66 – 70 3 50
61 – 65 4 47
56 – 60 9 43
51 – 55 12 34
46 – 50 8 22
41 – 45 7 14
36 – 40 4 7
31 – 35 3 3
𝑛 = 50
Try It!
Solution:
𝑖
4
𝑖 1
⋅ 𝑛 = ⋅ 50
4 4
= 12.5
Try It!
Look for the class of the 𝑪𝒊 𝒇 < 𝒄𝒇

closest < 𝑐𝑓 that is greater 66 – 70 3 50
than 12.5. This is the 𝑄1 61 – 65 4 47
class. 56 – 60 9 43
51 – 55 12 34
46 – 50 8 22
41 – 45 7 14 𝑸𝟏 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬
36 – 40 4 7
31 – 35 3 3
𝑛 = 50
Try It!
2. Use the formula to determine 𝑄1 .
Determine the values of the variables necessary in the formula

for 𝑄1 . Let us refer to the 𝑄1 class.
The class interval is 41 – 45.

The lower class boundary 𝐿 is 40.5.
The value of 𝑖 is 1.
The total frequency 𝑛 is 50.
The less than cumulative frequency before the 𝑄1 class < 𝑐𝑓𝑏 is
7.
Try It!
The frequency 𝑓 of the 𝑄1 class is 7.

The width 𝑤 of the class interval is 5.
𝑖
𝑄𝑖 = 𝐿 + 4 𝑤
𝑓
1
⋅ 50 − 7
𝑄1 = 40.5 + 4 5
7
5.5
𝑄1 = 40.5 + 5
7
𝑄1 ≈ 44.43
Try It!
Therefore, the value of 𝑄1 , rounded off to two decimal places,

is 44.43.
Lesson 5
Deciles for Grouped

Data
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5 points that divide a ranked data into ten equal parts. Each
set of data has nine deciles denoted by, 𝐷𝑖 where 𝑖=1, 2, 9.
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First decile (𝑫𝟏 ) divides the set of data into the lower 10% and
the upper 90% of the data.
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set of data has three quartiles denoted by, 𝐷𝑖 where 𝑖=1, 2,
9.
Second decile (𝑫𝟐 ) divides the set of data into the lower 20%
Learn about It!
Third decile (𝑫𝟑 ) divides the set of data into the lower 30%
Learn about It!
Fourth decile (𝑫𝟒 ) divides the set of data into the lower 40%
Learn about It!
Fifth decile (𝑫𝟓 ) divides the set of data into the lower 50%
and the upper 50% of the data. This is also the median of the
data.
Learn about It!
Sixth decile (𝑫𝟔 ) divides the set of data into the lower 60%
Learn about It!
Seventh decile (𝑫𝟕 ) divides the set of data into the lower 70%
Learn about It!
Eight decile (𝑫𝟖 ) divides the set of data into the lower 80%
Learn about It!
Nineth decile (𝑫𝟗 ) divides the set of data into the lower 90%
Learn about It!
The following illustration shows the position of the nine deciles

in a ranked data, where 𝐿 and 𝐻 are the lowest and highest
values, respectively.
Learn about It!
5 Steps in Solving for Deciles of Grouped Data

2. Determine the 𝐷𝑖 class.
𝑖
• First, solve for 10 ∙ 𝑛, where 𝑛 is the total frequency. Then,
𝑖
identify the closest < 𝑐𝑓 that is greater than ∙ 𝑛. The
10
class of this < 𝑐𝑓 is the 𝐷𝑖 class.
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3. Use the following formula to determine the value of 𝐷𝑖 .

𝑖
𝐷𝑖 = 𝐿 + 10 𝑤,
𝑓
where,
𝐿 is the lower-class boundary of the 𝐷𝑖 class;
< 𝑐𝑓𝑏 is the less than cumulative frequency before the 𝐷𝑖
class;
𝑓 is the frequency of the 𝐷𝑖 class; and
Try It!
Example 1: Determine the 𝐷3 class of the grouped data

below.
𝑪𝒊 𝒇
71 – 80 5
61 – 70 10
51 – 60 17
41 – 50 15
31 – 40 8
21 – 30 5
𝑛 = 60
Try It!
Example 1: Determine the 𝐷_3 class of the grouped data below.
.Solution:
1. Construct the < 𝑐𝑓 column of the data.
71 – 80 5 60
61 – 70 10 55
51 – 60 17 45
41 – 50 15 28
31 – 40 8 13
21 – 30 5 5
𝑛 = 60
Try It!
Example 1: Determine the 𝐷_3 class of the grouped data below.
Solution:
2. Determine the 𝐷3 class of the grouped
data.
𝑖
10
𝑖 3
⋅𝑛 = ⋅ 60
10 10
= 18
Try It!
To locate the 𝐷3 class, look for the class of the closest < 𝑐𝑓 that is
greater than 18. This is the class whose < 𝑐𝑓 is 22.
71 – 80 5 60
61 – 70 10 55
51 – 60 17 45
41 – 50 15 28 𝐷3 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
31 – 40 8 13
21 – 30 5 5
𝑛 = 60
Try It!
Example 2: In the grouped data below, solve for 𝐷5 .

𝑪𝒊 𝒇
66 – 70 11
61 – 65 16
56 – 60 18
51 – 55 32
46 – 50 25
41 – 45 21
36 – 40 14
31- 35 13
𝑛 = 150
Try It!
Solution:
𝑪𝒊 𝒇 < 𝑐𝑓
66 – 70 11 150
61 – 65 16 139
56 – 60 18 123
51 – 55 32 105
46 – 50 25 73
41 – 45 21 48
36 – 40 14 27
31- 35 13 13
𝑛 = 150
Try It!
Solution:
2. Determine the 𝐷5 class.
𝑖
Solve for 𝑛 with 𝑖 = 5
⋅
10
and 𝑛 = 150.
𝑖 5
⋅𝑛 = ⋅ 150
10 10
= 75
Try It!
Solution:
Determine the values of the variables necessary in the
formula for 𝐷5 . Let us refer to the 𝐷5 class.

The less than cumulative frequency before the 𝐷5 class < 𝑐𝑓𝑏
is 73.
Try It!
The frequency 𝑓 of the 𝐷5 class is 32.

𝑖
𝐷𝑖 = 𝐿 + 10 𝑤
𝑓
5
⋅ 150 − 73
𝐷5 = 50.5 + 10 5
32
2
𝐷5 = 50.5 + 5
32
𝐷5 ≈ 50.8125
Therefore, the value of 𝐷5 is 50.8125.
Try It!
Example 2: In the grouped data below, which score determines

the top 30% of the data?.
Try It!
To identify the score that determines the top 30% of the data, we
must solve for 𝐷7 since it divides the data into the lower 70% and
upper 30%.
Try It!

Try It!
Solution:
2. Determine the 𝐷7 class.
𝑖
10
𝑖 7
⋅𝑛 = ⋅ 800
10 10
= 560
Try It!
Solution:
Determine the values of the variables necessary in the
formula for 𝐷7 . Let us refer to the 𝐷7 class.

The less than cumulative frequency before the 𝐷7 class < 𝑐𝑓𝑏
is 465.
Try It!
The frequency 𝑓 of the 𝐷7 class is 105.

𝑖
𝐷𝑖 = 𝐿 + 10 𝑤
𝑓
7
⋅ 800 − 465
𝐷7 = 40.5 + 10 5
105
95
𝐷7 = 40.5 + 5
105
𝐷7 ≈ 45. 02
Therefore, the value of 𝐷7 is 45. 02
Try It!
This means that the top 30% of the data are those
scores that are higher than 45.02. The score 45.02
determines the top 30% of the data.
Lesson 6
Percentiles for
Grouped Data
Learn about It!
Percentiles
6 points that divide a ranked data into 100 equal parts. Each set of data has 99
percentiles denoted by 𝑃𝑖 , where 𝑖 = 1, 2, … , 99.
Example:
𝑃28 divides a set of data into the lower 28% and the upper
72%.
Learn about It!
P Steps in Solving for Percentiles of Grouped Data

2. Determine the 𝑃𝑖 class.
𝑖
• First, solve for 100 ∙ 𝑛, where 𝑛 is the total frequency.
𝑖
Then, identify the closest < 𝑐𝑓 that is greater than ∙ 𝑛.
100
The class of this < 𝑐𝑓 is the 𝑃𝑖 class.
Learn about It!
3. Use the following formula to determine the value of 𝑃𝑖 .

𝑖
100 ⋅ 𝑛 −< 𝑐𝑓𝑏
𝑃𝑖 = 𝐿 + 𝑤,
𝑓
where
𝐿 is the lower-class boundary of the 𝑃𝑖 class;
𝑖 is the 𝑖th percentile that we are solving for;
< 𝑐𝑓𝑏 is the less than cumulative frequency before the 𝑃𝑖
class;
𝑓 is the frequency of the 𝑃𝑖 class; and
Try It!
Example 1: Based on the frequency distribution table below,

determine the 𝑃70 class.
𝑪𝒊 𝒇
21 – 25 7
16 – 20 10
11 – 15 3
6 – 10 4
1–5 6
𝑛 = 30
Try It!
Solution:
1. List the given information.
𝑛 = 30
𝑖 = 70
Try It!
2. Construct the < 𝑐𝑓 column of the frequency distribution

table.
21 – 25 7 30
16 – 20 10 23
11 – 15 3 13
6 – 10 4 10
1–5 6 6
𝑛 = 30
Try It!
3. Determine the 𝑃70 class.
𝑖 70
∙𝑛 = ∙ 30
100 100
= 21
Thus, the 𝑃70 class is the class with the closest < 𝑐𝑓 that is
greater than 21. Hence, the 𝑃70 class is the class whose
< 𝑐𝑓 is 23
Try It!
21 – 25 7 30
16 – 20 10 23 𝑷𝟕𝟎 𝒄𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔
11 – 15 3 13
6 – 10 4 10
1–5 6 6
𝑛 = 30
Try It!
Example 2: Determine the scores of the lower 46% of the

data below.
𝑪𝒊 𝒇
38 – 40 15
35 – 37 11
32 – 34 13
29 – 31 18
26 – 28 20
23 – 25 9
20 – 22 14
𝑛 = 100
Try It!
Solution:
1. List the given information.
𝑛 = 100
𝑖 = 46
Try It!
2. Construct the < 𝑐𝑓 column of the frequency distribution

table..
𝑪𝒊 𝒇 𝒄𝒇
38 – 40 15 100
35 – 37 11 85
32 – 34 13 74
29 – 31 18 61
26 – 28 20 43
23 – 25 9 23
20 – 22 14 14
𝑛 = 100
Try It!
3. Determine the 𝑃46 class.
𝑖 46
∙𝑛 = ∙ 100
100 100
= 46
Thus, the 𝑃46 class is the class with the closest < 𝑐𝑓 that is
greater than 46.
Try It!
38 – 40 15 100
35 – 37 11 85
32 – 34 13 74
29 – 31 18 61 𝑷𝟒𝟔 class
26 – 28 20 43
23 – 25 9 23
20 – 22 14 14
𝑛 = 100
Try It!
4. Solve for 𝑃46.
46
100 ⋅ 100 − 43
𝑃46 = 28.5 + 3
18
46 − 43
𝑃46 = 28.5 + 3
18
3
𝑃46 = 28.5 + 3
18
𝑃46 = 29
Try It!
Therefore, the lower 46% of the data are those scores that
are below 29.

Measures of Position

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Measures of Position

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Lesson 1

First Quartile (𝑸𝟏 ) – a number such that 25% of the data

Second Quartile (𝑸𝟐 ) – a number such that 50% of the

Third Quartile (𝑸𝟑 ) – a number such that 75% of the data

The following illustration shows the position of the three

25% 25% 25% 25%

Interquartile Range = 15 − 4 = 𝟏𝟏.

Example 1: Given a set of data with 𝑄1 = 45.5, 𝑄2 = 58.25,

Example 1: Given a set of data with 𝑄1 = 45.5, 𝑄2 = 58.25,

Therefore, the interquartile range is 𝟑𝟗. 𝟎𝟓.

Example 2: The values in a set of data are as follows: 12, 12,

Example 2: The values in a set of data are as follows: 12, 12,

The set of data has 15 observations. Arrange the data in

Example 2: The values in a set of data are as follows: 12, 12,

Example 2: The values in a set of data are as follows: 12, 12,

Therefore, 𝑄1 is found on the 4th observation. In the

Example 2: The values in a set of data are as follows: 12, 12,

Example 2: The values in a set of data are as follows: 12, 12,

Thus, 𝑄2 is found on the 8th observation. In the arranged set

Example 2: The values in a set of data are as follows: 12, 12,

Example 2: The values in a set of data are as follows: 12, 12,

So 𝑄3 is found on the 12th observation. In the arranged set of

The following illustration shows the position of the nine

If there are observations in a set of data, then the decile 𝐷𝑖 can

Example 1: Consider the following set of scores. Arrange the set

Example 2: Determine 𝐷3 and 𝐷8 of the data below

Example 2: Determine 𝐷3 and 𝐷8 of the data below

Example 2: Determine 𝐷3 and 𝐷8 of the data below

Example 2: Determine 𝐷3 and 𝐷8 of the data below

Therefore, 𝐷3 is found on the 3rd observation. In the

Example 2: Determine 𝐷3 and 𝐷8 of the data below

Example 2: Determine 𝐷3 and 𝐷8 of the data below

Thus, 𝐷8 is found on the 8th observation. In the arranged set

Example 3: Determine the lower 20% of the scores below.

Example 3: Determine the lower 20% of the scores

Example 3: Determine the lower 20% of the scores

Example 3: Determine the lower 20% of the scores

Example 3: Determine the lower 20% of the scores

Example 3: Determine the lower 20% of the scores

Example 3: Determine the lower 20% of the scores

Since 𝐷2 =79.2, scores lower than 79.2

Since there are 𝑛 = 15 data values arranged in ascending

Example 1: Given a set of data with 999 observations, where

Example 2: Determine 𝑃20 in the set of data below.

Thus, 𝑃20 lies on the 5th observation.

The first quartile (𝑄1 ) is a number such that 25% of the

The second quartile (𝑄2 ) is a number such that 50% of the

The following illustration shows the position of the three

25% 25% 25% 25%

Q Steps in Solving for Quartiles of Grouped Data

1. Construct the less than cumulative frequency (< 𝑐𝑓)

3. Use the following formula to determine the value of 𝑄𝑖 .

The interquartile range is given by the following formula.

IQR Interquartile Range

𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 11.5 − 4.2

Example 1: Determine the 𝑄1 , 𝑄2 , and 𝑄3 classes of the

2. Determine the 𝑄2 class.

3. Determine the 𝑄3 class.

Example 2: Solve for 𝑄1 of the grouped data below.

Look for the class of the 𝑪𝒊 𝒇 < 𝒄𝒇

2. Use the formula to determine 𝑄1 .

Determine the values of the variables necessary in the formula

The class interval is 41 – 45.