Exp.

Date :
WATT GOVERNOR

Aim:

1. Speed Vs Sleeve displacement

2. Radius of rotation Vs Force

Apparatus Required: Tachometer, Scale

Description: The drive unit consists of a small DC electric motor connected through belt
and pulley arrangement. Motor and Test set up are mounted on a MS fabricated stand. The
governor spindle is driven by motor through V belt and is supported in a ball bearing.
The optional governor mechanism can be mounted on spindle. The electronic control
unit controls speed, an extension to the spindle shaft allows the use of a hand tachometer to
determine the speed. A graduated scale is fixed to the sleeve and guided in vertical direction.

Theory: The function of a governor is to regulate the mean speed of an engine, when there
are variations in the load e.g. when the load on an engine increases, its speed decreases;
therefore it becomes necessary to increase the supply of working fluid. On the other hand,
when the load on the engine controls the supply of working fluid to the engine with varying
load conditions and keeps the mean speed within certain limits.

When the load increases, the configuration of the governor changes and a valve is moved
increase the working fluid, conversely, when the load decreases, the engine speed increases
and the governor decreases the supply of working fluid .

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Types of Governors :
Governors may, broadly be classified as
1. Centrifugal governor
2. Inertial governor
The centrifugal governors, may further be classified as follows:
Centrifugal governor

Pendulum type Loaded type

Dead Weight Governor Spring controlled governor

Porter governor Proell governor

Hartnell governor Hartung governor Wilson-Hartnel Pickering governor

Governor

1. Height of governor: The axes of the arms intersect the spindle axis. It is usually
denoted by h.
2. Equilibrium speed: It is the speed at which the governor balls, arms etc., are in
complete equilibrium and the sleeve does not tend to move upwards or downwards.
3. Mean equilibrium speed: It is the speed at the mean position of the balls or the sleeve.
4. Maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds: The speeds at the maximum and
minimum radius of rotation of the balls, without tending to move either way are known
as maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds respectively.
5. Sleeve lift: It is the vertical distance, which the sleeve travels due to change in
equilibrium speed.

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Watt governor:
The simplest form of a centrifugal governor is a Watt governor shown in fig. It is basically a
conical pendulum with links attached to a sleeve of negligible mass. The arms of the governor
may be connected to the spindle in the following three ways:

1. The pivot P may be on the spindle axis as shown in figure.

2. The pivot P may be offset form the spindle axis and the arms when produced
intersect at another point on the spindle axis.
Procedure:
1. Make the proper connections of the motor to the governor.
2. Increase the motor speed gradually by using regulator.
3. Take sleeve displacement reading when the pointer remains at steady state.
4. Note down the speed of the governor for different sleeve displacements by using
Tachometer.
5. Determine the force and radius of rotations for each and every reading. Repeat the
experiment and take minimum six readings and tabulate the readings.

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Specifications:
Initial height of the Governor h0 = 80 cm
Length of each link (l) = 127 cm
Ma = 0.5 kg
Mass of the sleeve Ms = 2.1 kg.

Formulae:
Height of the Governor (h) = h0 x /2

Radius of rotation (r) =

Where a = Eccentric position = 47cm

Angular speed ( ) =

Force (F) =m( 2

r) N

Graphs:
Speed Vs Sleeve displacement
Radius of rotation Vs Force

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Tabulation :-
Angular Radius of
Displacement Speed Force
S. No Speed rotation
cm) (rpm) (cm) (N)
(rad/s) (cm)

1. 50 141 55 14.758 161.472 175.32

2. 35 159 62.5 16.642 157.556 217.41

3. 64 177 48 18.526 164.579 281.43

4. 80 188 40 19.677 167.536 323.29

5. 95 200 32.5 20.933 169.771 370.27

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esult: from the table we can observe that the height is gradually decreasing excluding
second point likewise angular speed increasing and force also increasing.

Inference: In both the graphs speed v/s sleeve disp. And radius of rotation v/s force there
was a deviation in second point after that there is gradual increase in the graph

Signature:
Date :