Dynamics

Momentum
the
product of man and
velocity of the
body
-

Vector
mv
Quantity
.

p
-
-

SI Unit
kgm5 Ns
'
• : or

momentum
p :

m : mass Momentum tells about the

strength ( quantity
v :
velocity of motion off in a
body
UNDERSTANDING
→

x
OOO A
light object travelling at high
-

→ !.
→

p
•

speed or a heavy object travelling

-

P
MV
-

- .
at slow
speed can be
equally
Mv have
damaging i.e .

they can

p = mxv p= 0.1×20 same strength of motion .

4×0.5 p
-
2 Ns
p=
-

p -_#Vs
 Due to The '
Due to the
change in
change
-

7
mv
p
.
-

in mass
of
the velocity of The
body/

CHANGE OF
,

body .

"✓
u
4%
n
:

MOMENTUM
=
-

Egham Varys 0.2kg

'
m
Mf
-

:
-

a Dp =

Pf -

pi
v

58hm mi
Dp -
Pf -

Pi

Dp -
-

Pf
-

Pi
Tv
Dp -
- MV -
mu

Mtv )
i
Dp u
-
-
-

:
V
Dp
'

V Mi V i
Mf
- -
-
,
- - - . . .

( min
Dp Mt
- -
-

Dp m ( v ul
-
- -

momentum 0.216
Dp Dmov A
change in = 47
-
-
-

could also be due to Dp 0.4 Ns

-
-

6.0×105 kg the in direction

Mf
-
-

change
7.0×105 kg the
of velocity of
mi
-
-

"
with
V 200ms
body no
change
-
-

17×105 6×1051×200
Ap in
magnitude even
-
=

Dp 2×107 Ns
=
 c mass
1kg > t
-
• .
=

-
-
= = .
- =
-
- -
- - -

-
- -
- -
-

= s
-

- -
-
-

→ → I c-
→ → '
6ms
'
u 10ms
-
v "
4ms
-
-
'
v 10ms u=
- - - '

6ms
'

2ms I - -

U= v
-
-_

mlv )
Bp : - u
Bp=mlv ) -
u
Dp -
-
mln -
u )
2) )
Dp 116-107 11-10 l U)
=
116 -
-
-
=
- -

4ns 4ns GNS

Dp op Dp
-
-
- = -
-
-

- -

consider
-

-
I 12ms
- I
DO

pill , ) direction
- -

← ←

"
n
Dp=mlv -
u one

)
,
U 10ms
-

5ms 11-12
'
HIST
positive
v
-

Dp=
- -

as
-

-
×
-27ns and other
i
, , ,
'
Bp -_

Dp mtv ) !!
negative
-
-
-
u v
✓

= If -5 -
C- lol ) t 15ms
' '

+5ns
Bp
=
FORCE
he rate momentum
A
push or
pull is called
force of change of
is called
force .

F- net Fnet DI Fuel DI

=

If
-
-
- =

Dt Dt Dt
Fut =
M¥1 =
Amir
Dt L s At
= M .
( vid Fnet -
-
ma fret = inv Fret =
Bm_ ✓
.

At It
Fret Foret Resultant : Fuel
force inv
'

= ma - o
.
-
→ -
o - -
=

IMPULSE in
Diy
Mass
flowrate
=

Impulse is the
product of ?
force and the time
of
Mass
of liquid passing
-

'
i .

application of force per second

i
'

¥ >v a
point
. ,
4 -

in
F t
Dp A
jet of water
striking
Impulse)
-
- x a

↳ time exerts !
of application
wall and
freea

of force !
!
 EIN EIN F =
Bp /Bp=Fx
← It
a a -

l
l

l
l
l
,

txt ! !
I
1
i 1 Ext ,

I 2 l
l
l

S S
Hs Hs
'
s Area under
graph I

tells 9rad
data type
momentum F
change in
-
-

- -
- -

plus plus plus

N n n

1 3
fore decreases
Then
.
2 . .
And

i
,
increases .

> > >

Hs Hs Hs
grad force 0
grad force constant
-
- = -
=
-
 TYPES OF COLLISIONS
ELASTIC COLLISION INELASTIC COLLISIONS
( Ideal collision ) ( Real collision )

No
of energy during collision
of
A loss a loss
energy as heat during
between bodies collision between bodies

II Examples II
Examples
collision
is collision Mw sub -
atomic
particles I , b/w large bodies

( like neutrons ) Ii Explosions

,

ii. small molecules Iii Bodies sticking

.

after collision

Total Total conserved

Energy : conserved
Energy :

kinetic conserved kinetic not conserved

Energy :

Energy :

Momentum : conserved Momentum : conserved

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

→ ←

system the total momentum ( of

For an isolated The t
,

interacting bodies ) before collision is equal to

the total momentum
Mz
after collision .

Mz

Mi Yu , > Uz m, > V, > Vz isolated

system
•

Nothing goes in

( )
before ( u, > Us )
after vz > Vi .

Nothing comes out

collision collision

M
,
U, t M< Uz =
M, V, t Mzvz
collision , momentum
During is
Mili MN , Mzvz Malla
transferred between bodies
-
= -
.

Mi ( 4, -

Y ) =
Mz ( vz -

U2 ) One body loses and the other

) ( vz ) momentum
-
M,
-
( Vi -

u , = Mz
-
-
uz
gain equal .

For the
Dp, Dpa an isolated system loss in
-
-
=

'
,

gain in momentum
loss in momentum =
9 momentum
of one
body equals
of body the other
of body 1 2
gain in momentum
of
-
 Dp Proving 3rd
Bp , Newton 's Law
using Law
of
-
=
,

Conservation momentum
O
of
=
Dp, +
Dp ,
i .

F Fr Dt time
of
.
:
< >

DP system -
- O ' '

Mr
collision .

M ,

For isolated system the

-

an
, Miu , + mzuz = MY + math
in momentum
change of Miu , Miu , Mak Maur
-
= -

) mzlvz U2 )
the entire system is ( U
-

zero m ,
-
v, = -

.
,

- M, ( V
,
-
U, I =
Mz ( Vz U2 )-

Dp ,
=
Dpa
dividing both sides
by lime
of
collision
-

3rd
Bali DI
-

=
Newton 's Law

Dt

-
F, = Fu <

During collision ,
the
forces experiencedandby
both bodies are
equal in
magnitude
in
opposite direction .
Type # 1 Normal collision b/w two bodies
-

4ms' 3ms "

2ms -
I
V= ??
Mi → c- Mz -
← →t
M'
→ Mz →

2kg 0.8kg 2kg 0.8kg

collision
before after collision

Mill , t Mzuz =
MN, t MzVz
(2) 14 ) t
( 0.811-3 ) = (2) ( 2) t 10.8 ) Vz

8 -
2.4 = 4 t 0.8 Vz

Vz 2ms
- '
=
 collision
Type#I .
Bodies
sticking after
M
, y t Mz U2 = Mv

t d
I →
-
M = M , t Mz
Mi Mu
combined mass

Mill , t Maltz = MV

(2) ( l ) -11321-41=(2+3) v

✓ = -
2ms ' '
 MJ 12015/1713

'
V=Om5
Mill , t MzUz= NIV

(5) ( 200) -11951101=(5+95) v F

Mz

gtf
" "
V 10ms 10ms
-
'
-
u=
T h

FIBA
2-42=2 as
-

02-102=21-9.8/5
5--5 Im -
Mi
1- .

#
Type #3 Explosion Mu
V,
Miu , mis
Vz
( →
Mu = M, Vi t Mzvz Nl >
M,
Mz
•

before explosion .

after explosion
- THEORY QUESTION
ON 12009/1721/0.3

¥÷:=¥mm:I÷=mmY÷=m
-
ru mi .
m t "

Zyno 42

Ekx ( 2412=447
'

-
= Vx =
-

→
Ex y 24 242 ZVI

Ekin =
I
I
Eky
Mu =
Mxvx t Myvy
O =
lmk -

Vx ) -112in ) ( Vy )
nxvx 244
-
-

Vx =
Zvy
 '
K E
Imu
-

'

Il 211312
9T
initial KE -

Ek
Izmit
Mini t
Mzllz =
Mr :

(2) (3) t ( 1) ( O ) =
( 21-1 ) v
2

( 3) ( 2)
Iz {
-
-
V V -
-
2ms -
I =

Ek = 6J

final
 Method to check Elastic 1 Inelastic collision

1 Conservation kinetic Energy

.

of
Total Elastic otherwise
Total k .
E
before
=
K E
-

after 7
inelastic collision

collision collision collision

{ mini +

Imai
=

fmri
+
fmri
FOR ELASTIC COLLISION

2. Relative
speeds of objects Relative
speed of approach = Relative speed of separation
5ms
'
I
10ms 6ms I
-

12ms
-

I ' I I
5ms

ligating Yogi feigni g

-
-

12ms 10ms
- -

→ → → → → ← c- →

4ms -
I

approach separation approach separation

ugliness
'"

:c .edu:L :c::=
" "
-

:*:c
-
"" " "
- -

I 7ms
4ms 14ms I
17ms
"
=
- -

=
-
I
°
6
✓
✓ No

If movement is in same direction

,
subtract
speeds 9f motion is in
opp .
direction
,
add
speeds
If and
They undergo elastic collision
two bodies have
equal mass
,

Their velocities
bodies
exchange .

velocity
m m > m →
m > →

-
,
6ms
-
-
u ; 4ms
"
4 , 4ms
" exchanged v '
'
Vr -
-
6ms ' '

collision
before collision
after

V,
U , t U2 Vz -
 Utu =④

Ft F ×
It Is
4¥
Ef
-

-
2h

51
6

x
 AMV
U U
→ →

÷ ÷

x x
÷ ÷
← ←
V
v

vs u

60 s
90kg -

n - Is

90×1--60 xn

9060
n -
-

F
19%1.20
F -
-

DI
-
-

Dt

=
Dry v F :
30N
.

At
 F- = inv

(96×9.8)=140 ) V

V -
-

23.75ms
- I
w
v

F
 2B -
Momentum "Y v,
g
collisions
→ For
U
g Vin IOTV a
, x m,
Mi
÷--y--
U
, y I U t
-
,
as
a
>
nU2Y T U, "" 10N
m'
Mr 10+10 X
U2
.

U 1 Vz

before after var

-

collision collision

Mi 4 t
MLU MN , t Mah wrong !
=
, z

momentum
• Law
of conservation
of along xaais

Mi 41×-1 Mzllz , = Milli + MLK ,

,

momentum
• Law
of conservation
of along y-axis
Mill , t
Mz Uz = M , V, + Math
y y y y
 -

For momentum
change
-

m V
m → m →
"
v
I ,
via vector Method u

m
.

Dp
-
-
m (v - u )
A

u i >

! Pi =
mu
m → .. - . . . . . .

c
Pf = MV

P; =
-
mu Now
adding Pf & -

p,

DIT pi pi -
-

.
-

e
-

Pi =
-
mu
*

Addition
of Vector or
Ip =
pI +
f- Ii )
D-p
b

pit f- pi )
T
as
-

Pf MV
-

,
or, =

A
Dp o
Ii calculations (
Pythagoras )
-
via n r
,
B S
g

I -115 As the vector triangle is right

-

I
+

→
angled triangle so

A B s
' ' '
in Dp =
( Pf ) t ( pi )
Itis
*
Of object moves
✓
"

O
at angle other than 90
after collision .

I
I
- - - - - -

m
,
vector triangle
Tsp
T
'

Hs
pi pi
.

u
' -
-
-

m i
> . . . . . . . -
.

pj.mu Ip -
-

F, +
I Fi )
-

1.0
y
. - . . .

pi
-

Pi
- -

-
mu
= mu
e
-

T
<
-

pi =
-

mu -
r

Dp
r
pj.mu

Ii ,
for calculation .

(
-

pi =
-

mu
q
Now
apply cosine rule

ol no
¢
'
-
c' =
a 't b -
Zabcog
p ,
r
c
Bp Pf -
-
MV
'

( Pf ) # Pil
!
- -
I -0 . .
b Dp -2117747 ; ) cost
 '

vsin 30
m
2kg
-
-

M -
-

3kg 1- vcos 300

1- Vcos 40
I
15ms
-

U =

✓= ?? v

Vsin 40
-

It ? ?
Design equations using law
of conservation
of
momentum

www.uol/mcoy+mco,=mcvsinzo.,+mc-vsin4oyMU--mvcos3Oi-MVcos
x -

axis y-axis
-_ -

Mill, at MzUz×= Mill +

Mutha Mill , t
Mauzy =
Milly -1
McVay
, ,

mu + Meo , =
mlvwszoo , +

40 O = missin 30 - Musin 400

121451=2 V cos 30 + 3Vcogyo° O -

-
(2) v sin 30 -
3. Vsin 400
1- 73 v + 2.298 V = 30 - l v -
1.93 V -
- O -
2

✓ =
10.3ms -
i
V =
5.32ms "