Heating Curve

A graph of temperature versus time that shows how much energy a substance has absorbed as the
temperature rises.
A heating curve is a plot or graph in which a substance is exposed to increasing temperatures
over time to determine how much energy it absorbs and how its state changes as the temperature
rises. The heating curve usually includes isolating a system from its surroundings and seeing
how it changes as it is changed by heat in a closed container. The system absorbs the energy
when it is heated. As a result, the system's status is altered. When a substance in a solid state
absorbs energy, it will shift to a different state, such as liquid. Nonetheless, when the substance
hits melting point, or the point at which it transitions from solid to liquid, a plateau is attained.
The temperature does not change as a result of the fusion heat. As the temperature rises, the
substance that has converted into a liquid will absorb more energy and turn into a gas. The
temperature of the substance does not change after it reaches boiling point because of the heat of
vaporization. The rate at which the temperature rises is determined by the heat capacity of each
phase in the system.
The temperature of water is indicated as heat is continuously applied in a heating curve. Because
the temperature remains constant during plateaus, changes in state occur.
A heating curve of this type can be used to describe the change of state behavior of any
substance. The horizontal lines or plateaus on the curve can be used to determine the substance's
melting and boiling points. Water's melting and boiling temperatures are obviously different
from those of other substances. A chemical like carbon dioxide, which sublimes rather than melts
at ordinary pressure, is an exception to this exact form for heating. The sublimation temperature
of CO 2 would be the only plateau on the heating curve for carbon dioxide.
A cooling curve of a substance is a plot of the temperature variation over time as the substance is
cooled down. The amplitude of the cooling curve is determined by the heat capacity of the
substance, its thermal conductivity, and the ambient temperature. The more heat required to
change a substance's temperature, the slower it cools, and the smaller the curve's gradient. The
faster heat is transported, the faster the substance cools, hence the higher the temperature
transmission, the faster it cools. The heat capacity of liquids is usually the highest of the phases.
Because the temperature differential between the surroundings and the material decreases as the
substance cools, the lines are curved. This slows down the pace at which heat is transmitted out
of the substance, slowing down the cooling process. At constant pressure, the melting point of
every pure material (a one-component system) is a single temperature. Only at this temperature
do the liquid and solid phases coexist in equilibrium. The temperature of the molten substance
will steadily fall as it cools until it reaches the melting point.

The material will begin to crystallize at this stage, resulting in the generation of latent heat at the
solid-liquid interface, which will maintain a constant temperature throughout the substance.
After solidification is complete, cooling is resumed at a constant rate. On a time-temperature
curve, the material's melting point can be determined due to the halt in cooling during
solidification.