Hydrodynamic calculation Butterfly valve (lattice disc)

Qair
α
Qmax
D

+MH +F x Φ
+F y
+F

L
0.3D 0.5D
e
Ds

+F bx
+F by

0.5D

Fig. 1 - Lattice-disc


Ds

b
e

LD
a

20° 0 °
1 4
Fig. 2 - Lattice-disc

Values for calculation:

Valve diameter D
2000 mm

Length from the axis of rotation to the outer edge LD

250 mm

of the disc

a = 0.35D a
700 mm

b = 0.35D b
700 mm

c = 0.13D c
260 mm

Max diameter of the disc seal Ds

1950 mm

Flow Qmax
30 m /s
3

Rated net head (max 6500m) h0

100 m
 Gravitational acceleration g
9.81 m/s
2

The water temperature t

20 C°

Density ρ
998.6 kg/m
3

Increasing pressure on water hammer ΔP

20 m

Aeration n
yes

Under-pressure behind the valve Patm

0 m

Air density ρair

1.3 kg/m
3

Eccentricity e
20 mm

Closing time t
10 s

Pipe length behind valve L

30 m

Valve speed:
6 6
4 ⋅ 10 ⋅ Qmax 4 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 30
v0 = = = 9.5m/s
2 2
π ⋅ D π ⋅ 2000

Theoretical pressure in the valve at full opening:

2 2
v 9.5
0
Δh = ⋅ (ξ + 1) = ⋅ (0.144 + 1) = 5.3m
2g 2 ⋅ 9.81

Pressure parameter:

Δh 5.3
p = = = 0.053
h0 100

0 < p ≤ 1 → 0 < 0.053 ≤ 1

Does suit.
 Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient
of of of of
Angle hydraulic hydraulic hydraulic hydraulic
from force on a force on a force on force on Hydraulic
open Flow disc in the disc in the body in the body in the torque
position coefficient axis x axis y axis x axis y coefficient

α KQ Kx Ky Kbx Kby Km

0 0.935 0.219 -0.178 0.278 -0.082 0.001

5 0.905 0.239 0.298 0.303 0.16 0.056

10 0.786 0.301 0.629 0.365 0.32 0.09

15 0.704 0.38 0.776 0.458 0.381 0.11

20 0.645 0.46 0.868 0.545 0.381 0.119

25 0.558 0.53 0.905 0.605 0.371 0.107

30 0.482 0.59 0.905 0.65 0.336 0.092

35 0.41 0.64 0.885 0.685 0.305 0.08

40 0.343 0.7 0.752 0.716 0.245 0.069

45 0.287 0.725 0.672 0.74 0.212 0.058

50 0.243 0.779 0.6 0.776 0.18 0.048

55 0.204 0.826 0.52 0.811 0.155 0.04

60 0.162 0.858 0.453 0.833 0.125 0.034

65 0.119 0.889 0.38 0.856 0.098 0.026

70 0.09 0.921 0.31 0.892 0.073 0.02

75 0.065 0.957 0.235 0.934 0.044 0.014

80 0.042 0.984 0.16 0.978 0.023 0.008

85 0.02 0.999 0.075 0.998 0.005 0.003

90 0 1 0 1 0 0
 -●-K x [−]

-●-K y [−]

-●-K bx [−]

-●-K by [−]

α[°]

Fig. 3 - Coefficient of force

 -●-K Q [−]

α[°]

Fig. 4 - Flow coefficient

 -●-K m [−]

α[°]

Fig. 5 - Coefficient of hydraulic torque

Angle
Angle between Reduced free Flow of Water
from pipe axis and flow area in the water velocity
open Loss hydraulic throttle control Relative in the in
position coefficient force system flow pipeline pipeline

α ξ ϕ fr Qp Q v

3
° m /s m/s

0 0.144 -39.104 1 1 30 9.549

5 0.221 51.27 0.968 0.998 29.946 9.532

10 0.619 64.427 0.841 0.989 29.674 9.446

15 1.018 63.909 0.753 0.98 29.409 9.361

 Angle
Angle between Reduced free Flow of Water
from pipe axis and flow area in the water velocity
open Loss hydraulic throttle control Relative in the in
position coefficient force system flow pipeline pipeline

α ξ ϕ fr Qp Q v

3
° m /s m/s

20 1.404 62.078 0.69 0.972 29.158 9.281

25 2.212 59.645 0.597 0.955 28.655 9.121

30 3.304 56.898 0.516 0.934 28.013 8.917

35 4.949 54.127 0.439 0.904 27.124 8.634

40 7.5 47.051 0.367 0.863 25.898 8.244

45 11.14 42.827 0.307 0.813 24.405 7.768

50 15.935 37.604 0.26 0.759 22.783 7.252

55 23.029 32.192 0.218 0.696 20.883 6.647

60 37.104 27.833 0.173 0.607 18.197 5.792

65 69.616 23.144 0.127 0.486 14.588 4.644

70 122.457 18.603 0.096 0.387 11.603 3.693

75 235.686 13.797 0.07 0.289 8.679 2.763

80 565.893 9.236 0.045 0.191 5.742 1.828

85 2499 4.293 0.021 0.092 2.772 0.882

90 999999999999 0 0 0 0 0
 -●-ξ[−]

α[°]

Fig. 6 - Loss coefficient

2
1 − K
Q
ξ =
2
K
Q
 -●-ϕ[−]

α[°]

Fig. 7 - Angle between pipe axis and hydraulic force

Ky 180
−1
ϕ = tan ⋅
Kx π
 -●-f r [−]

-●-Q p [−]

α[°]

Fig. 8 - Coefficients

KQ
fr =
KQmax

fr
Qp =
2
√p + f (1 − p)
r
 -●-Q[m 3
/s]

-●-v[m/s]

α[°]

Fig. 9 - Flow and speed of water in the pipeline

Q = Qp ⋅ Qmax

6
4Q ⋅ 10
v =
2
π ⋅ D

Angle from open Loss of pressure on the Pressure on the Cavitation

position valve valve number

α HL Hv σ

° m m

0 0.669 5.316 20.546

5 1.023 5.69 19.134

10 2.813 7.578 14.132

Angle from open Loss of pressure on the Pressure on the Cavitation
position valve valve number

α HL Hv σ

° m m

15 4.545 9.406 11.201

20 6.163 11.115 9.333

25 9.378 14.515 6.925

30 13.391 18.768 5.142

35 18.802 24.519 3.715

40 25.976 32.175 2.608

45 34.265 41.071 1.842

50 42.713 50.205 1.338

55 51.866 60.196 0.964

60 63.452 73.03 0.636

65 76.511 87.885 0.38

70 85.141 98.101 0.252

75 91.686 106.289 0.171

80 96.361 112.703 0.12

85 99.152 117.344 0.092

90 100 120 0.083

 -●-H L [m]

-●-H v [m]

α[°]

Fig. 10 - Loss of height on valve and pressure height on Butterfly valve

2
v
HL = ξ
2g

2
v
Hv = HL + + (1 − Qp ) ⋅ (ΔP + Patm )
2g
 -●-σ[−]

α[°]

Fig. 11 - Cavitation number

10 − 0.1 + h0 − HL
σ =
Hv

The force at The force at

Angle from Forces on Forces on Forces the valve axis the valve axis
open position disc in axis x disc in axis y on disc x y

α Fx Fy F Fbx Fby

° kN kN kN kN kN

0 34.063 -27.686 43.895 45.486 -13.417

5 39.788 49.61 63.594 53.062 28.019

10 66.731 139.448 154.592 85.123 74.628

15 104.569 213.542 237.77 132.58 110.29

 The force at The force at
Angle from Forces on Forces on Forces the valve axis the valve axis
open position disc in axis x disc in axis y on disc x y

α Fx Fy F Fbx Fby

° kN kN kN kN kN

20 149.583 282.257 319.443 186.428 130.329

25 225.071 384.319 445.373 270.264 165.732

30 323.957 496.917 593.19 375.439 194.073

35 459.092 634.838 783.444 516.893 230.15

40 658.923 707.871 967.089 708.99 242.601

45 871.156 807.472 1187.823 935.364 267.969

50 1144.216 881.296 1444.27 1199.011 278.121

55 1454.685 915.782 1718.943 1502.452 287.152

60 1833.199 967.878 2073.019 1872.226 280.946

65 2285.786 977.052 2485.85 2315.253 265.064

70 2643.327 889.719 2789.046 2693.065 220.397

75 2975.906 730.761 3064.315 3055.237 143.93

80 3244.515 527.563 3287.127 3392.223 79.776

85 3429.615 257.479 3439.267 3604.136 18.057

90 3510.755 0 3510.755 3693.102 0

 -●-F x [kN]

-●-F y [kN]

-●-F [kN]

α[°]

Fig. 12 - Forces on the disc

2
πDs
Fx = ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv ⋅ K x
9
4 ⋅ 10

2
πDs
Fy = ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv ⋅ K y
9
4 ⋅ 10

2 2
F = √Fx + Fy
 -●-F bx [kN]

α[°]

Fig. 13 - Forces on the body x

2
πD
Fbx = ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv ⋅ Kbx
9
4 ⋅ 10
 -●-F by [kN]

α[°]

Fig. 14 - Forces on the body y

2
πD
Fby = ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv ⋅ Kby
9
4 ⋅ 10

Moment
Force from the
Angle Hydraulic parallel Force axis of the
from torque to the perpendicular trunnion to Moment
open without axis of to the axis of the axis of from Hydraulic
position eccentricity the disc the disc the disc eccentricity torque

α M Fe1 Fe2 MLD Me MH

° kNm kN kN kNm kNm kNm

0 0.386 34.063 -27.686 0.341 -0.554 0.173

5 23.146 35.312 52.888 0.353 1.058 24.557

 Moment
Force from the
Angle Hydraulic parallel Force axis of the
from torque to the perpendicular trunnion to Moment
open without axis of to the axis of the axis of from Hydraulic
position eccentricity the disc the disc the disc eccentricity torque

α M Fe1 Fe2 MLD Me MH

° kNm kN kN kNm kNm kNm

10 49.539 41.502 148.917 0.415 2.978 52.933

15 75.155 45.738 233.33 0.457 4.667 80.279

20 96.076 44.025 316.395 0.44 6.328 102.844

25 112.816 41.563 443.43 0.416 8.869 122.1

30 125.42 32.096 592.321 0.321 11.846 137.588

35 142.48 11.938 783.353 0.119 15.667 158.267

40 161.261 49.753 965.808 0.498 19.316 181.075

45 173.034 45.032 1186.969 0.45 23.739 197.223

50 175.048 60.376 1443.007 0.604 28.86 204.512

55 174.902 84.208 1716.88 0.842 34.338 210.081

60 180.362 78.393 2071.536 0.784 41.431 222.577

65 165.979 80.506 2484.546 0.805 49.691 216.475

70 142.517 68.009 2788.216 0.68 55.764 198.961

75 108.089 64.361 3063.639 0.644 61.273 170.005

80 65.492 43.856 3286.834 0.439 65.737 131.667

85 25.571 42.412 3439.005 0.424 68.78 94.775

90 0 0 3510.755 0 70.215 70.215

 -●-M [kNm]

-●-M LD [kNm]

-●-M e [kNm]

α[°]

Fig. 15 - Torque of the disc

3
D s ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ H v ⋅ Km
M =
12
10

−Fe1 ⋅ 0.12D + Fe1 ⋅ LD

MLD =
3
10

Fe2 ⋅ e
Me =
3
10
 -●-F e1 [kN]

α[°]

Fig. 16 - Force on the disc F e1

π
Fe1 = F sin ((90 − α − ϕ) )
180
 -●-F e2 [kN]

α[°]

Fig. 17 - Force on the disc F e2

π
Fe2 = F cos ((90 − α − ϕ) )
180
 -●-M H [kNm]

α[°]

Fig. 18 - Hydraulic torque

MH = M + MLD + Me

Effective closing time factor:

1
cef = min [ lim ] = 0.505
α→80 9 [Qpα − Qpα+10 ]

Pressure behind the valve:

L ⋅ v0 ⋅ ρ 30 ⋅ 9.5 ⋅ 998.6
5 5
P2 = min { ; 1 ⋅ 10 } = min { ; 1 ⋅ 10 } = 56649.1Pa
t ⋅ cef 10 ⋅ 0.505

Angle from Coefficient of under-pressure Relative Flow of water in Air

open position of aerated hole flow the pipeline flow

α f2 Qp Q Qair

3 3
° m /s m /s
 Angle from Coefficient of under-pressure Relative Flow of water in Air
open position of aerated hole flow the pipeline flow

α f2 Qp Q Qair

3 3
° m /s m /s

15 2.445 0.98 29.409 5.882

25 3.419 0.955 28.655 5.731

40 8.094 0.863 25.898 5.18

60 22.42 0.607 18.197 11.803

90 0 0 0 30
 -●-Q air [m
3
/s]

α[°]

Fig. 19 - Air flow

P2 < 50000 → Qair = 0.2Q

P2 ≥ 50000 → Qair = max[Qmax − Q; 0.2Q]

The flow area of

Angle from Under-pressure in Air The flow area of the aerated
open position the aerated pipeline velocity the aerated hole pipeline

α P2air vair fair fair−pipe

2 2
° Pa m/s m m

15 12021.434 95.196 0.062 0.118

25 17017.561 113.264 0.051 0.115

40 35741.279 164.145 0.032 0.104

60 60573.69 213.69 0.055 0.236

 The flow area of
Angle from Under-pressure in Air The flow area of the aerated
open position the aerated pipeline velocity the aerated hole pipeline

α P2air vair fair fair−pipe

2 2
° Pa m/s m m

90 56648.812 206.651 0.145 0.6

 -●-P 2air [Pa]

α[°]

Fig. 20 - Under-pressure in the aerated pipeline

2
v L ⋅ v0 ⋅ ρ
5 5
P2air = min {1 ⋅ 10 ; f2 ⋅ ⋅ ρ + (1 − Qp ) ⋅ min { ; 1 ⋅ 10 }}
2 ⋅ g t ⋅ cef
 -●-v air [m/s]

α[°]

Fig. 21 - Air velocity

2 ⋅ P2air
vair = min {0.7 ⋅ √ ; 250}
ρair
 -●-f air [m
2
]

α[°]

Fig. 22 - The flow area of the aerated hole

Qair
fair =
vair
 -●-f air−pipe [m
2
]

α[°]

Fig. 23 - The flow area of the aerated pipeline

Qair
vair > 50 → fair−pipe =
50

vair ≤ 50 → fair−pipe = fair