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Strength Characteristic of Geopolymer Concrete Con
Strength Characteristic of Geopolymer Concrete Con
Strength Characteristic of Geopolymer Concrete Con
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Khairulniza A. A.
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Abstract--- Malaysian is one of the develop countries that raw materials, some inherent disadvantages of
need to face environmental pollution. Have many ways to Portland cement are still difficult to overcome. There
reduce environmental pollution that causes by production of
Portland cement and cause by the increasing of waste material. are two major drawbacks with respect to
Geopolymer concrete incorporating with recycle concrete sustainability. About 1.5 tonnes of raw materials is
aggregate (RCA) is one of the method. Waste Paper Sludge needed in the production of every tonne of Portland
Ash (WPSA) and alkaline liquid as a binder are being used to cement, at the same time about one tonne of carbon
replaced the Portland cement to produce geopolymer concrete.
The alkaline liquid that been used in geopolymerisation is the dioxide (CO2) is released into the environment during
combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate the production [1]. Therefore, the production of PC is
(Na2SiO3). In the present study, two (2) series of geopolymer extremely resource and energy intensive process. On
concrete specimens composing two (2) different molar of the other hand, the global warming also can occur
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) which are 8M and 14M were
adopted. There are 30 cube specimens at size 100mm x 100mm because of the greenhouse gases such as carbon
x 100mm were prepared which is 15 cubes for 8M and another dioxide to the atmosphere.
15 cubes for 14M. The compressive strength of the geopolymer Several studies have been carried out to reduce
concrete specimens is tested at the age of 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 the use of Portland cement in concrete to address the
days after cured in local laboratory ambient condition. The
result shows that the strength of geopolymer concrete based global warming issues. These include the utilization
Waste Paper Sludge Ash (WPSA) incorporating with recycle of supplementary cementing materials such as fly
concrete aggregate (RCA) increase by increasing the molarities ash, silica fume, granulated blast furnace slag, rice-
of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). husk ash and metakaolin, and the development of
alternative binders to Portland cement [2]. Other type
Index Terms-----Geopolymer concrete, Waste Paper of ash is Waste Paper Sludge Ash (WPSA) which is a
Sludge Ash (WPSA), Recycle Concrete Aggregate (RCA), and by-product from the paper mill sludge where it is a
Concrete strength. de-inking and re-pulping of paper. WPSA compose
of some oxide materials derived from inorganic
compounds that remain after burning. WPSA have
similar characteristic like fly ash that contains a large
I.INTRODUCTION
quantity of silica and alumina, it is suitable source to
making the geopolymers [3].
Nowadays, Portland cement (PC) concrete is the
Recycle Concrete Aggregate (RCA) is the
most popular and widely used building materials, due
main components of old concrete and for many
to its availability of the raw materials over the world,
reasons there is a need to re-use them. It is better to
its ease for preparing and fabricating in all sorts of
the reuse of waste aggregates as recycled aggregates
conceivable shapes. The applications of concrete in
in structural concrete, instead of throwing out as a
the area of infrastructure, habitation, and
total waste material. Thus in recent years, the use of
transportation have greatly prompted the
recycled concrete aggregate has gained tremendous
development of civilization, economic progress, and
momentum in constructional engineering. Utilization
stability and of the quality of life. However, due to
recycling of waste concrete would benefit into two
the restriction of the manufacturing process and the
folds. First, reduce the environmental problem and
A. Production of RCA
Figure 2: Production process of WPSA 28 days respectively. Base on the graph, the age
factor between 8 molar and 14 molar NaOH is quiet
similar from age at 3 days until 28 days. The graph
Table1: Chemical and physical properties of WPSA also shows the strength development of geopolymer
from MNI (1999) concrete which is at 7 days the strength increase
almost 90 percent of the strength geopolymer
Chemical Composition concrete at 28 days. Besides that, the data from the
Oxide WPSA(%) FLY ASH (%) Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) and Aggregate
Crushing Value (ACV) of Recycled Concrete
SiO2 26.25 42.8
Aggregate (RCA) is 23.94% and 19.32%
CaO 66.39 23.4 respectively. These percentages show that the RCA
Al2O3 14.26 17.5 was not been treated with caution.
Fe2O3 0.77 4.4 Moreover, from Valeria Corinaldesi concluded
MgO 5.46 0.9 that the WPSA, particularly if it replaces less than
Na2O 0.42 0.1 10% of cement, show a positive effect on time
K2O 0.35 0.2 development of concrete mechanical performance.
Probably, WPSA can give an active contribution to
SO3 0.58 4.3
cement paste hardening (positive value of the cement
LOI 14.83 2.1 activity index). On the other hand, due to its high
fineness, and consequently high water absorption, the
Physical Properties (WPSA) dosage of WPSA should not be too high (the upper
limit appears to be 10% by weight of cement). [22]
Specific Gravity 1.9
Colour White
Passing 75 μm sieve (%) 80
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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