Hydrodynamic calculation Howell-Bunger valve

S
5x
72

25°
°

°
°

48
40 g

90°
+F x

R
a b c e

Fig. 1 - Howell-Bunger valve



2.76D

0.39D 0.4D 1.39D

P1AIR P1AIR
P2AIR P2AIR

30°
1.36D
1.25D

45
°
D

P0
1D

3.08D
2.77D
2.5D
°

0.86D
D
45
2.5

3D

6D

P0

Fig. 2 - model no.1

h
2.5D

h2

L1 L2

Fig. 3 - model no.1

Values for calculation:

Model number for Howell-Bunger valve 1

Valve diameter D
1600 mm
 S = 0.6D S
960 mm

R = 0.5555D R
888.8 mm

a = 0.1583D a
253.28 mm

b = 0.1361D b
217.76 mm

c = 0.5694D c
911.04 mm

e = 0.6861D e
1097.76 mm

f = 0.1222D f
195.52 mm

g = 0.0666D g
106.56 mm

Rated net head (max 6500m) h0

65 m

Gravitational acceleration g
9.81 m/s
2

The water temperature t

20 C°

Density ρ
998.6 kg/m
3

Increasing pressure on water hammer ΔP

20 m

Aeration n
yes

Water depth behind the hydraulic jump h

5 m

Air density ρair

1.3 kg/m
3

Pressure loss before valve without Howell-Bunger Σξ

2
valve

Flow:
 2 2
1 πD 1 π ⋅ 1600
Qmax = ⋅ √2gh0 = ⋅ √2 ⋅ 9.81 ⋅ 65
6 6
√1 + Σξ + ξ 4 ⋅ 10 √1 + 2 + 0.577 4 ⋅ 10

3
= 38m /s

Valve speed:
6 6
4 ⋅ 10 ⋅ Qmax 4 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 38
v0 = = = 18.9m/s
2 2
π ⋅ D π ⋅ 1600

Theoretical pressure in the valve at full opening:

2 2
v 18.9
0
Δh = ⋅ (ξ + 1) = ⋅ (0.577 + 1) = 28.7m
2g 2 ⋅ 9.81

Pressure parameter:

Δh 28.7
p = = = 0.442
h0 65

0 < p ≤ 1 → 0 < 0.442 ≤ 1

Does suit.

Reduced free
Coefficient of flow area in the
Valve Flow hydraulic force on a Loss throttle control Relative
position coefficient needle in the axis x coefficient system flow

S/D KQ Kx ξ fr Qp

0 0 1 999999999999 0 0

0.05 0.112 1.036 78.719 0.141 0.209

0.1 0.21 0.92 21.676 0.264 0.38

0.15 0.3 0.774 10.111 0.377 0.522

0.2 0.39 0.638 5.575 0.49 0.646

0.25 0.474 0.518 3.451 0.595 0.744

0.3 0.55 0.428 2.306 0.691 0.821

0.35 0.621 0.349 1.593 0.78 0.882

 Reduced free
Coefficient of flow area in the
Valve Flow hydraulic force on a Loss throttle control Relative
position coefficient needle in the axis x coefficient system flow

S/D KQ Kx ξ fr Qp

0.4 0.682 0.292 1.15 0.856 0.928

0.45 0.731 0.254 0.871 0.918 0.961

0.5 0.766 0.225 0.704 0.962 0.983

0.55 0.789 0.193 0.606 0.991 0.996

0.6 0.796 0.173 0.577 1 1

 -●-K Q [−]

S/D[−]

Fig. 4 - Flow coefficient

 -●-K x [−]

S/D[−]

Fig. 5 - Coefficient of force

 -●-ξ[−]

S/D[−]

Fig. 6 - Loss coefficient

2
1 − K
Q
ξ =
2
K
Q
 -●-f r [−]

-●-Q p [−]

S/D[−]

Fig. 7 - Coefficients

KQ
fr =
KQmax

fr
Qp =
2
√p + f (1 − p)
r

Flow of Water Energy

water in velocity before Ratio energy Ratio water
Valve the in the before the valve level to valve Water
position pipeline pipeline valve to valve diameter diameter level

S/D Q v Tx Tx /D h2 /D h2

3
m /s m/s m m

0 0 0 69 43.125 0 0
 Flow of Water Energy
water in velocity before Ratio energy Ratio water
Valve the in the before the valve level to valve Water
position pipeline pipeline valve to valve diameter diameter level

S/D Q v Tx Tx /D h2 /D h2

3
m /s m/s m m

0.05 7.943 3.951 68.205 42.628 0 0

0.1 14.456 7.19 66.365 41.478 1.688 2.701

0.15 19.834 9.865 64.04 40.025 2.026 3.242

0.2 24.529 12.2 61.414 38.384 2.124 3.398

0.25 28.284 14.067 58.914 36.821 2.339 3.742

0.3 31.19 15.513 56.735 35.459 2.5 4

0.35 33.526 16.674 54.829 34.268 2.629 4.206

0.4 35.273 17.543 53.313 33.321 2.735 4.376

0.45 36.522 18.165 52.183 32.614 2.809 4.494

0.5 37.338 18.57 51.423 32.139 2.849 4.558

0.55 37.842 18.821 50.945 31.841 2.8 4.48

0.6 38 18.9 50.794 31.746 2.6 4.16

 -●-Q[m 3
/s]

-●-v[m/s]

S/D[−]

Fig. 8 - Flow and speed of water in the pipeline

Q = Qp ⋅ Qmax

6
4Q ⋅ 10
v =
2
π ⋅ D
 -●-T x [m]

-●-T x /D[−]

S/D[−]

Fig. 9 - Energy before the valve

2 2
v 2.5D v
Tx = h 0 + + − Σξ
2g 1000 2g
 -●-h 2 /D[−]

-●-h 2 [m]

S/D[−]

Fig. 10 - Water level

Valve Under-pressure Loss of pressure Pressure on Under-pressure

position coefficient on the valve the valve behind the valve

S/D KP HL Hv P0
0

m m m

0 0 65 85 0

0.05 0 62.619 80.024 0

0.1 0 57.112 74.757 0

0.15 -0 50.151 69.635 -0.034

0.2 -0.001 42.289 64.543 -0.039

 Valve Under-pressure Loss of pressure Pressure on Under-pressure
position coefficient on the valve the valve behind the valve

S/D KP HL Hv P0
0

m m m

0.25 -0.007 34.805 60.437 -0.409

0.3 -0.075 28.281 60.898 -4.58

0.35 -0.072 22.576 57.307 -4.123

0.4 -0.082 18.039 55.3 -4.551

0.45 -0.085 14.654 53.524 -4.563

0.5 -0.082 12.379 52.033 -4.261

0.55 -0.088 10.948 51.577 -4.549

0.6 -0.082 10.497 50.991 -4.197

 -●-K P0 [−]

S/D[−]

Fig. 11 - Under-pressure coefficient

 -●-H L [m]

-●-H v [m]

S/D[−]

Fig. 12 - Loss of height on valve and pressure height on Howell-Bunger valve

2
v
HL = ξ
2g

2 2
v v
H v = h 0 − P0 + − Σξ + (1 − Qp ) ⋅ ΔP
2g 2g
 -●-P 0 [m]

S/D[−]

Fig. 13 - Under-pressure behind the valve

P0 = max {KP ⋅ Hv ; −10}

0

Valve position Cavitation number Length L 1 Length L 2

S/D σ L1 L2

m m

0 0.116 0 0

0.05 0.153 0 0

0.1 0.238 7.114 8.64

0.15 0.355 7.114 9.794

0.2 0.505 7.146 10

0.25 0.663 7.209 11.096

Valve position Cavitation number Length L 1 Length L 2

S/D σ L1 L2

m m

0.3 0.766 7.33 12.174

0.35 0.913 7.516 13.303

0.4 1.028 7.776 14.439

0.45 1.126 8.193 15.546

0.5 1.202 8.752 16.69

0.55 1.24 9.5 17.814

0.6 1.263 10.6 18.85

 -●-σ[−]

S/D[−]

Fig. 14 - Cavitation number

 -●-L 1 [m]

-●-L 2 [m]

S/D[−]

Fig. 15 - Length

Valve Amplitude of the hydraulic force in Max. forces in Min. forces in

position the axis x axis x axis x

S/D ax Fx−max Fx−min

kN kN

0 0 1674.207 1674.207

0.05 0.007 1643.973 1621.906

0.1 0.012 1372.174 1337.13

0.15 0.016 1084.088 1039.1

0.2 0.022 839.551 782.598

 Valve Amplitude of the hydraulic force in Max. forces in Min. forces in
position the axis x axis x axis x

S/D ax Fx−max Fx−min

kN kN

0.25 0.033 655.91 577.344

0.3 0.049 572.636 454.126

0.35 0.063 464.593 323.274

0.4 0.071 395.386 240.717

0.45 0.076 347.581 187.97

0.5 0.077 309.92 151.271

0.55 0.079 276.027 116.431

0.6 0.062 236.623 111.422

 -●-a x [−]

S/D[−]

Fig. 16 - Amplitude of the hydraulic force in the axis x

 -●-F x−max [kN]

-●-F x−min [kN]

S/D[−]

Fig. 17 - Forces in axis x

2
πD
Fx = ⋅ ρ ⋅ g ⋅ Hv ⋅ (Kx ± ax )
9
4 ⋅ 10

Under- Under-
Valve Under-pressure pressure in Under-pressure pressure in
position coefficient in hole 1 hole 1 coefficient in hole 2 hole 2

S/D KP1−AI R P1−AI R KP2−AI R P2−AI R

m m

0 -0.001 -0.067 -0.003 -0.212

0.05 -0.002 -0.126 -0.005 -0.4

0.1 -0.003 -0.234 -0.014 -1.083

 Under- Under-
Valve Under-pressure pressure in Under-pressure pressure in
position coefficient in hole 1 hole 1 coefficient in hole 2 hole 2

S/D KP P1−AI R KP P2−AI R

1−AI R 2−AI R

m m

0.15 -0.005 -0.346 -0.034 -2.352

0.2 -0.006 -0.401 -0.042 -2.724

0.25 -0.011 -0.694 -0.047 -2.87

0.3 -0.03 -1.809 -0.044 -2.68

0.35 -0.03 -1.705 -0.044 -2.493

0.4 -0.033 -1.847 -0.047 -2.61

0.45 -0.033 -1.788 -0.048 -2.58

0.5 -0.026 -1.363 -0.043 -2.227

0.55 -0.033 -1.723 -0.053 -2.721

0.6 -0.034 -1.754 -0.065 -3.314

 -●-K P1−AI R [−]

S/D[−]

Fig. 18 - Coefficient under-pressure in hole 1

 -●-P 1−AI R [m]

S/D[−]

Fig. 19 - Under-pressure in hole 1

P1−AI R = max {KP ⋅ Hv ; −10}

1−AI R
 -●-K P2−AI R [−]

S/D[−]

Fig. 20 - Coefficient under-pressure in hole 2

 -●-P 2−AI R [m]

S/D[−]

Fig. 21 - Under-pressure in hole 2

P2−AI R = max {KP ⋅ Hv ; −10}

2−AI R

Valve Aerated Air Air velocity Air velocity Hole area Diameter of the
position coefficient flow in hole 1 in hole 2 1 and 2 hole 1 and 2

S/D β Qair va1 va2 S Da

3 2
m /s m/s m/s mm mm

0 0 0 22.269 39.614 0 0

0.05 4 0.318 30.46 54.358 3745.929 69.061

0.1 4 0.578 41.569 89.44 4413.836 74.966

0.15 4 0.793 50.555 131.78 4351.205 74.432

0.2 4 0.981 54.405 141.842 4999.701 79.786

 Valve Aerated Air Air velocity Air velocity Hole area Diameter of the
position coefficient flow in hole 1 in hole 2 1 and 2 hole 1 and 2

S/D β Qair va1 va2 S Da

3 2
m /s m/s m/s mm mm

0.25 4 1.131 71.612 145.587 5208.842 81.438

0.3 4 1.248 115.572 140.67 4868.871 78.735

0.35 4 1.341 112.207 135.681 5409.852 82.994

0.4 4 1.411 116.79 138.837 5519.444 83.831

0.45 4 1.461 114.899 138.028 5775.881 85.756

0.5 4 1.494 100.337 128.243 6533.933 91.21

0.55 4 1.514 112.791 141.746 5946.879 87.016

0.6 4 1.52 113.814 156.45 5624.135 84.622

 -●-β[−]

S/D[−]

Fig. 22 - Aerated coefficient

-●-Q air [m
3
/s]

S/D[−]

Fig. 23 - Air flow

Q ⋅ β
Qair =
100
 -●-v a1 [m/s]

-●-v a2 [m/s]

S/D[−]

Fig. 24 - Air velocity

−P1−AI R ⋅ 2 ⋅ g ⋅ ρ
va1 = min {0.7 ⋅ √ ; 250}
ρair

−P2−AI R ⋅ 2 ⋅ g ⋅ ρ
va2 = min {0.7 ⋅ √ ; 250}
ρair
 -●-S[mm 2
]

S/D[−]

Fig. 25 - Hole area 1 and 2

Qair 6
S = ⋅ 10
va1 + va2
 -●-D a [mm]

S/D[−]

Fig. 26 - Diameter of the hole 1 and 2

4S
Da = √
π