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Other Historical Controversies
Other Historical Controversies
In addition to what have been discussed earlier, I, your reporter, Myrrh Joy Escalona, am going to tackle the
other historical features in the Philippine history. The other historical controversies that will be discussed will
be:
1. The Bud Dajo Event
2. Trial and execution of Andres Bonifacio
3. Apolinario Mabini’s syphilis rumors
4. The Jabidah Massacre
5. Emilio Aguinaldo: Hero or Gangster?
6. The assassination of Antonio Luna
7. Gregorio del Pilar: Hero or traitor?
8. Artemio Ricarte: Hero or Traitor?
9. Jose P. Laurel: Hero or Traitor?
10. Plaza Miranda Bombing
11. Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
12. Aquino Cojuangco clans and…
13. Ferdinand Marcos: Does he deserve a hero’s burial?
Following the sequence of the topics, allow me to define the terms that will be used in this presentation.
□ Massacre- inhumane or violent killing of many people.
□ Execution- the act of killing someone as punishment.
□ Syphilis- a very serious disease that is spread through sexual intercourse.
□ Gangster- a violent criminal.
□ Assassination- .
Now let us start the discussion with the Bud Dajo Event…
1. The Bud Dajo Event: Battle or Massacre?
● The Bud Dajo fight took place during March 5-8, 1906 in Bud Dajo on Jolo Island.
⮚ Moro’s refused to allow the American troops to take control, resulting in almost a thousand
dead, including men, women, and children on the Moro’s side.
● It was when Philippines was placed under the military command of USA.
⮚ As a result this controversy raised a significant question in Philippine history: should the Bud
Dajo event be considered a battle or a massacre?
● There were 1,000 Moros died while the casualty on the side were only 21 deaths and 73
wounded.
⮚ It was clear that the Moros only wanted to protect themselves and their families thus the
fortification on the dormant volcano however, they were no match against the number of US
troops and their weapons.
● The slaughtering of the people who wanted freedom and protected themselves was unjust and
inhumane. The Bud Dajo Fight was a massacre.
⮚ According to Dr. Rene Oliveros, a Moro History and Islamic Studies Professor, the event
was not justified as a battle for the Moros are civilians and were not considered as army.
They also fought with only their bolos and knives.
Source: https://www.studocu.com/en-us/document/liberty-university/engineering-economy/the-bud-
dajo-event-battle-or-massacre/15702422
https://www.morolandhistory.com/12.PG-Battle%20Bud%20Dajo/01battle_of_bud_dajo.htm
Next is…
2. The Trial and Execution of Bonifacio
● Andres Bonifacio was arrested at Indang, Cavite.
⮚ With around 1,000 men Bonifacio decided to camp at Indang, Cavite with Emilio Jacinto and
Julio Nakpil to draw plans for an offensive in Laguna.
● Aguinaldo exercised his power as President and arrested Bonifacio through allegations. Agapito
Bonzon and Ignacio Paua were dispatch to do it.
⮚ The allegations were that Bonifacio burned a village and church in Indang.
● Bonifacio received wounds from the dispatched individuals. Procopio, his brother, was beaten.
Gregoria de Jesus, his wife, was raped.
⮚ On their way to Naic to meet Aguinaldo, Bonifacio was carried in a hammock, hungry, and
wounded.
● Bonifacio was assured of an unfavorable and unjust verdict. He was found guilty of treason.
● Aguinaldo signed the order of death sentence of Bonifacio.
● The execution party was led by Lazaro Macapagal.
● In any case, the brothers, Andres and Procopio were buried in shallow graves on Mt. Buntis in
Maragondon, Cavite at March 10, 1897.
Source: https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/andres-bonifacio-execution1-a2212-20190515-lfrm
http://forthephilippines.blogspot.in/2011/05/tragedy-ofkatipunan-assassination-cum.html
Moreover…
Source: http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/hl/hl113238.htm
http://www.manilatimes.net/jabidah-was-a-big-hoax/171247
Since we talked about Andres Bonfacio, we’ll discussed now Emilio Aguinaldo whether he is a hero or a gangster…
Source: https://www.scribd.com/document/423657587/IE-1101-Group-2-Emilio-Aguinaldo-Hero-or-Gangster-docx
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnlR7NQvl3E
Now, we’ll tackle about Gen. Luna and how he was assassinated…
Furthermore to our discussion, we’ll talk about whether Gregorio del Pilar was indeed a hero or a traitor…
7. Gregorio del Pilar: Hero or Traitor?
● Gregorio del Pilar was known as “The Boy General”.
● He was considered as the hero of the Battle of Tirad Pass on 1899.
⮚ In addition to his many achievements in battles, del Pilar was also loyal to President
Aguinaldo. He was supposed to kill Gen. Antonio Luna but Luna had already been killed by
his killers in Cabanatuan.
● Del Pilar was appointed by Aguinaldo as Commandant General of Pangasinan.
● According to a blog by Joshua Agar, “The Battle of Tirad Pass and the Boy General were
romanticized by the American press which forced us to admire the heroism of del Pilar”
Source: https://www.google.com/amp/s/joshuaagar.wordpress.com/2015/09/23/was-gregorio-del-pilar-a-
hero-after-all/amp/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?vyCMD-SQ22ac
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIflzf8EGCYU
Now, do you even remember someone named Artemio Ricarte? If not, we’ll discuss how his presence and deeds in the
Philippine history…
Source: https://www.google.com/amp/s/opinion.inquirer.net/77269/the-rizaline-islands/amp
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-EeN8bGCYU
In addition to question, hero or traitor, we’ll debunk which of the two does Jose Laurel belongs…
9. Jose P. Laurel: Hero or Traitor?
● Because of his seeming loyalty to Japan, and criticism of America, he was eventually chosen as
President in 1943 during Japanese colonialization.
● He was pro-Japanese and not pro-Filipino.
● “The mere fact that he could not offer his life to defend our country during the war disqualifies
him to be considered as a hero” Myinfobasket.com.
● He did not make any retaliation against the Japanese Government.
Source: https://myinfobasket.com/jose-p-laurel-a-hero-or-a-traitor/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGYWidwipK4
Source: https://businessmirror.com.ph/2021/08/21/miranda-bombing-beyond-the-scars/
http://www.manilatimes.net/plaza-miranda-bombing-ninoy-escaped-secrets-communist-party/
365614
I’m sure we all know something about Ninoy Aquino. Now we’ll add up our knowledge about him with this
topic….
11. Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
● On August 21, 1983, Benigno Simeon Aquino Jr. returned to the Philippines after being exiled
for 3 years in the USA.
● Leaving his plane at Manila International Airport, he was shot dead.
⮚ This event culminated Marcos’ downfall and gave rise to Corazon Aquino in power in 1986
through People Power Revolution in the same year.
● Many personalities were accused of the crime and conspiracy theories made but up until this day,
the real mastermind of the assassination is still not identified.
Source: https://www.google.com/amp/s/opinion.inquirer.net/115405/killed-ninoy-1/amp
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/143594-look-back-ninoy-aquino-assassination
IN relation to Ninoy Aquino, we’ll be tackling about one of the well-known clans in our history…
Source: https://www.tatlerasia.com/power-purpose/wealth/family-matters-the-aquino-and-cojuangco-aquino-clans
https://youtu.be/gevTmyWtHVo
Lastly, we’ll be asking ourselves after this topic whether Former President Marcos deserve a hero’s burial…
13. Ferdinand E. Marcos: Does He Deserve a Hero’s Burial?
● Late Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled from 1965-1986, was known as a
dictator reigned terror during his regime with the Martial Law.
⮚ The argument as to the deservedness of Marcos for a burial sparked criticisms from the
Filipinos.
● According to Duterte in his proclamation rally, Marcos was the best president if not for the
dictatorship.
⮚ But the petitioners against Marcos’ for a hero’s burial, said that it is a battle between Marcos
and history.
● During Marcos’ regime, he was alleged of 3, 257 victims of extra-judicial killings, 35,000
tortured, and 70,000 incarcerated.
● Despite the clamor of protests and harsh criticisms, the Supreme Court allowed the burial of
Marcos at Heros’s Cemetery with 9-5 votes.
● On the day of November 18, 2016, Ferdinand E. Marcos’ remains were buried finally at the
Libingan ng mga Bayani.
Source: https://thediplomat.com/2016/11/hero-or-villain-burial-reveals-philippines-deep-divide-on-ferdinand-marcos/
https://www.asianjournal.com/features/opinion-editorial-columnists/does-marcos-deserve-a-heros-burial/
https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/clash-of-memories-marcos-burial
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OrUXIuYSM0E
In conclusion, the historical events and controversies made big impact to the Philippine history. It is relevant
for us students to dig deeper of these happenings for us to be enlightened and be more knowledgeable about the
history of our country. I hope that through this discussion, you’re learnings about our Philippine history and its
controversies have enhanced. Thank you for listening!
LEGEND:
• -refers to the script for the ppt.
-refers to the reporter’s script.