Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

Experiment No: 01

Name of the Experiment:

Study on Air jet weaving mechanism

Remark:

Date of Performance: 06-04-2021 Name: Naimul Hasan

Date of Submission: 05-06-2021 Roll: 1621060

Year: 4th

Term: 2nd
 Department of Textile Engineering, KUET

1.0 INTRODUCTION:

Air jet weaving machine is a kind of shuttle less loom which is to apply the jet air drawing the
weft through the shed. The operating principle is to take advantage of air to treat it as the
medium of weft insertion, and the compressed air is used to draw the frictional traction force of
the weft yarn. And then the weft is carried through the jet port to achieve the purpose of weft
insertion through the jet produced by the jet. This weft insertion method is to make the weaving
machine to realize the high speed and high productivity. During these several kinds of shuttle
less looms, air jet weaving machine has the maximum speed of motor vehicle. Because the weft
insertion method is rather reasonable, so the rate of weft insertion is relatively high, and the
running operation is easy and safe, which has become the one of the fabric looms which have the
most promising future. Because the air jet loom is use the flow weft inserting method, its biggest
weakness is the rather high energy consumption.

In 1914, Americans invented the air jet weaving machine and in 1950, Czechoslovakia produced
the first commercial air jet weaving machine; and then 1970s,air jet weaving machine was put
into manufacturing. The air jet weaving machine in early days could only produce narrow fabric,
when the weaving loom had low speed, poor quality of fabric and could only produce the plain
fabric with single color 、simplicity and common design. The new type air jet weaving machine
is growing largely in the aspects of the speed, automatic control level, the quality of product and
the adaptability of variety, becoming the fastest growing type among the shuttle less looms.
Nowadays, the foreign advanced air jet weaving machine applies a number of advanced
technology, especially in the premise that electron, microelectronic technology making air jet
weaving machine ensure the quality of product, whose performance increases greatly. Today, the
international famous manufactures are including Tsuda Ko TOYOTA, Japan, Belgium
(PICANOL), Italy Yida (Itema) and the German Dornier (DORNIER) chiefly.

Jet is the flow of any liquid or compressed air through fine nozzle under pressure.In jet picking,
the weft yarn is inserted by means of liquid (water) or compressed air. The picking process,
which is used compressed for weft yarn insertion is referred to air jet weaving and the loom or
machine is used for this process is known to Air Jet Weaving machine or Air Jet Loom.

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 Department of Textile Engineering, KUET

The air jet weaving machine is a shuttle less loom that uses a jet stream to pull the weft yarn
across the shed. The process is to use air as the weft insertion medium, and the compressed
airflow is used to pull the frictional traction force of the weft yarn, and the weft yarn is taken
through the shed, and the jet generated by the jet is used to achieve the purpose of weft insertion.
This weft insertion method enables the weaving machine to achieve high speed and high yield.
Among several shuttle less looms, the air jet weaving machine is the one with the highest speed.
Due to the reasonable weft insertion method, it has a high latitude rate and is easy and safe to
operate. It also has the potential of wide variety adaptability, low material consumption, high
efficiency, high speed and low noise.

Air-jet looms are capable of producing standard household and apparel fabrics for items such as
shirts, denim, sheets, towels, and sports apparel, as well as industrial products such as printed
circuit board cloths. Heavier yarns are more suitable for air-jet looms than lighter yarns. Air-jet
looms are capable of weaving plaids, as well as dobby and jacquard fabrics.

2.0 OBJECTIVES:

From this experiment we will learn about these objectives

 To study about the air jet loom.

 To identify different parts and functions of the air jet loom.
 To learn about the working principle of air jet loom.
 To identify yarn path diagram.
 To learn about the typical layout of the air treatment plant.

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 Department of Textile Engineering, KUET

3.0 FEATURES:

The features of the air jet loom are given below:

1. Air jet weaving is a type of weaving in which the weft yarn is inserted into the warp shed
with compressed air.
2. The air jet weaving machine combines high performance with low manufacturing
requirements.
3. It has an extremely high weft insertion rate.
4. Due to its exceptional performance, air-jet machines are used primarily for the
economical production of standard fabrics, covering a wide range of styles.
5. Meanwhile, more and more special fabrics are also covered: heavy cotton fabrics such as
denim, terry fabrics, glass fabrics, tire cord etc.
6. Less power consumption in air jet loom.
7. It facilitates multi-color weft insertion up to eight.
8. Light and medium fabric can be produced here.
9. Air pressure is around 6 bar.
10. Here fabric width is 190 cm. 

4.0 MECHANISM/WORKING PRINCIPLE:

Normal air will not be used in the air jet weaving machine. Because normal air contains dust
particles, oil and water particle. To go for the operation, the mechanism is involved in two steps.
First is to treat the air that is com from the outside and another is the method which is involved in
the operation. So, the two steps are:

1. Air Preparation
2. Multiple Nozzles with Profiled Reed

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 Department of Textile Engineering, KUET

4.1 Air Preparation:

Figure 1: Typical Layout of Air Treatment Plant

Air preparation involves in several steps. The function of the air preparation stages involved are
described sequence wise from the figure1 as below:

a. Compressor:

This is used for the collection of air, filtration of air and compression of air.

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 Department of Textile Engineering, KUET

b. Receiver Tank:

This is used to store compressed air for preventing pressure pulsation, separate moisture,
grease, oil & other impurities.

c. Air Dryer:

A refrigerating air dryer is used to remove moisture.

d. Main Line Filter:

It removes 3-5 micron size foreign particles and scale compressed air.

e. Sub-micron Filter:

It removes 0.3-1 micron size substances such as tar and carbon.

f. Micro-mist Filter:

It removes 0.01 micron size particles (example as Grease)

z. Reservoir:

It is used to store the finally treated air after the completion of previous steps.

4.2 Multiple Nozzles with Profile Reeds:

Figure 2: Weft Yarn Insertion Path Diagram Page | 6

 Department of Textile Engineering, KUET

The working principle of the multiple nozzles with profiled reed is given below:

1. The profiled reed wires are used, and the weft yarn is fed into the reed tunnel via the
main nozzle.

2. The main nozzle (sometimes the main and tandem nozzle combination) provides the
initial acceleration, where the relay nozzles provide high air velocity across the shed.

3. Profiled reed provides guidance for the air stream and separates the weft yarn from warp
sheet.

4. Relay nozzles are located at certain intervals, say 50mm, however, last four nozzles at the
exit side are spaced closer, say 25mm.

5. Additional nozzles increase the air consumption.

5.0 ADVANTAGES:

The advantages of the air jet loom are given below:

1. In case of air jet loom, noise level is lower than rapier loom and projectile.
2. It consumes very low power.
3. Wide range of fabrics’ width is available.
4. Weft insertion performance is too much here (normally 600ppm). Even modern loom
operates at speed up to 2200 meters of pick inserted per minute.
5. High productivity.
6. Reduced space requirement.
7. Reduced hazards because of few moving parts.
8. Low spare parts requirement.
9. Reliability and minimum maintenance.

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 Department of Textile Engineering, KUET

6.0 DISCUSSION

Air jet loom is very useful for its high amount of production. In modern days, use of air jet loom
has grown bigger and many factories are operating the air jet loom. So it is important to study
about the air jet loom. In this experiment we have studied about the working mechanism of air jet
loom. The operating principle is to take advantage of air to treat it as the medium of weft
insertion, and the compressed air is used to draw the frictional traction force of the weft yarn.
Different parts of air jet loom were also studied thoroughly. Functionality of different parts of the
air jet loom was also learned carefully. Working principle of air jet loom was consisted of air
preparation and nozzle operation. Yarn path diagram of the air jet loom was studied in order to
learn about the yarn flow through the air jet machine. In order to purify the air, the air treatment
plant was used and the layout of the air treatment plant was studied. It is important to know how
the air purification system works. So the air working principle of air treatment plant was also
studied in this experiment. Over all the experiment was mainly focused on the air jet loom and its
necessary processes.

7.0 CONCLUSION

In comparison to conventional loom, air jet looms are highly productive and less power
consuming. The noise level of air jet loom is also lower than the rapier loom and wide range of
fabric width is available in this loom. So this experiment will help us to understand the working
process of air jet loom, which will come to work in future in order to operate air jet loom.
Moreover, different parts and functionality of them were studied in this experiment also. Air
purification system will help us to have a better understanding on the overall working process of
air jet loom.

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