Assignment on TE 4235

Topic:

Organic Bamboo Fiber

Submitted To:
Md. Moniruzzaman
Lecturer,
Department of Textile Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

Submitted By:
Naimul Hasan
1621060
Department of Textile Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

Date of submission: 06-March-2021

 ORGANIC BAMBOO FIBER

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Bamboo plant is the fastest growing woody plant on this planet which is known to the scientists.

It even grows one third time faster than the fastest growing tree. There are various species of

bamboo plant and one of those species can grow up to 1 meter per day. Bamboo is one kind of

grass but some of it kinds can be just one foot (30 cm) tall where some other kinds can grow over

100 feet (30 m). Bamboo can be found in various climates like from deep forest to high

mountains. Bamboo is mainly classified depending on the type of roots they have. Some of them

are called runners, spread exuberantly, and others are classified as clampers (sympodial), which

slowly expand from the original planting. Some of them have the mixture of two types of

bamboo root system. In general the tropical bamboos are clumpers and the temperate bamboos

are runner type of bamboo plant. Commonly the bamboo fiber and starchy pulp of bamboo are

made with that type of bamboo which is grown widely through the Asian countries. Starchy

pulp which it is a refined product is mainly made out of bamboo stem and leaves. Hydrolysis-

alkalization and multi-phase bleaching are needed to be done in order to make starchy pulp.

After that the chemical fiber factories process the starchy pulp into bamboo fiber. Bamboo can

be used for both decorative and functional purposes. It is also being used for the food purpose in

all over the world. Bamboo is also used as fodder and also as primary construction materials.

Various kitchen tools as well as dinnerware can be made using the bamboo. Generally bamboos

are commonly used for furniture, construction, musical instruments and many more things.

Bamboo is not only highly fashionable for decorative purposes but useful too. As it is a viable

replacement for wood, in Far Eastern countries, it is the primary building material. Bamboo is in

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fact one of the strongest building materials available and even provided the first regreening in

Hiroshima after the atomic blast in 1945. Bamboo's tensile strength is 28,000 per square inch

versus 23,000 for steel. Products made from bamboo are often labeled as ‘green’, ‘bio-

degradable’, etc. irrespective of their method of manufacturing. While ‘agro-resources’ by

definition do not use petroleum as raw material, there are often hidden consequences and impact

created by their uses. Besides, many apparel manufacturers often claimed that products made

from bamboo have antimicrobial properties. The claims may not always portray the products

authenticity and true environmental impact. However, more scientific investigations are needed

to prove the claims and researches are still going on.

Botanically, bamboo is classified as:

 KINGDOM : Plantae

 DIVISION : Magnoliophyta

 CLASS : Liliopsida

 SUBCLASS : Commelinidae

 ORDER : Cyperales

 FAMILY : Gramineae (Poaceae)

 SUBFAMILY : Bambusoideae

 TRIBE : Bambuseae

 SUBTRIBE: Bambusinae

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2.0 CHARACTERIZATION OF BAMBOO FIBER

2.1 Natural anti-bacteria

It's a common fact that bamboo can thrive naturally without using any pesticide. It is seldom

eaten by pests or infected by pathogen. Scientists found that bamboo owns a unique anti-bacteria

and bio-agent named "bamboo Kun". This substance combined with bamboo cellulose molecular

tightly all along during the process of being produced into bamboo fiber.

Bamboo fiber has particular and natural functions of anti-bacteria, bacteriostasis and

deodorization It is validated by Japan Textile Inspection Association that, even after fifty times

of washing, bamboo fiber fabric still possesses excellent function of anti-bacteria, bacteriostasis.

Its test result shows over 70% death rate after bacteria being incubated on bamboo fiber fabric.

Bamboo fiber's natural anti-bacteria function differs greatly from that of chemical antimicrobial.

The later often tend to cause skin allergy when added to apparel.

2.2 Breathable and Cool

What's notable of bamboo fiber is its unusual breathability and coolness. Because the cross-

section of the bamboo fiber is filled with various micro-gaps and micro-holes, it has much better

moisture absorption and ventilation. With this unparalleled micro- structure, bamboo fiber

apparel can absorb and evaporate humans sweat in a split second. Just like breathing, such

garments make people feel extremely cool and comfortable in the hot summer. It is never

sticking to skin even in hot summer. According to authoritative testing figures, apparels made

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from bamboo fibers are 1-2 degrees lower than normal apparels in hot summer. Apparel made

from bamboo fiber is crowned as Air Conditioning Dress.

2.3 Green & Biodegradable

As a regenerated cellulose fiber, bamboo fiber was 100% made from bamboo through high-tech

process. The raw material bamboo is well-selected from non-polluted region. They are all 3-4

year old new bamboo, of good character and ideal temper. The whole distilling and producing

process in our plant is green process without any pollution. Our company manufactures bamboo

fiber strictly according to ISO9000 and ISO 14000. It produces natural and eco-friendly fiber

without any Chemical additive.

2.4 Absorbent and Moisture-Wicking

The porous nature of bamboo fabric makes it three to four times more absorbent than cotton.

Since it wicks and absorbs perspiration away from the body, bamboo fabrics keep the wearer

dry, comfortable, and clean-feeling throughout the entire day.

2.5 Soft to the Touch

Bamboo fabric has a luxuriously soft feel that resembles silk, cotton, and lush cashmere. Its

naturally smooth fibers lie flat against the skin, minimizing the possibility of skin irritations.

Bamboo fabric is a convenient solution to people with sensitive and irritable skin.

2.6 No Chemical Pesticides

Bamboo grows organically without the use of pesticides, meaning it’s naturally resistant to pests

and diseases. Bamboo fabric is a better and more natural alternative to cotton — one of the most

intensely sprayed crops in the world.

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3.0 PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF BAMBOO FIBER

Testing condition: Temperature: 200C Relative humidity: 65%

Item Reference data

Dry tensile strength(CN/dtex) 2.33

Wet tensile strength(CN/dtex) 1.37

Dry elongation at break (%) 23.8

Linear density percentage of deviation (%) -1.8

Percentage of length deviation (%) -1.8

Overlength staple fiber (%) 0.2

Overcut fiber(mg/100g) 6.2

Residual sulfur(mg/100g) 9.2

Defect(mg/100g) 6.4

Oil-stained fiber(mg/100g) 0

Coefficient of dry tenacity variation (CV)(%) 13.42

Whiteness (%) 69.6

Oil content (%) 0.17

Moisture regain (%) 13.03

Rate Grade A

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3.1 Fineness

Fineness (dtex) Length(mm)

1.33 / 1.56 / 1.67 38
2.00 45
2.22 51
2.78 51

3.33 64
76
5.56 38

4.0 BAMBOO FIBER FABRIC PRODUCTION FLOW

Bamboo fiber fabric production flow: bamboo - thick pulp - fine pulp - bamboo fiber - bamboo

yarn - fabric

Bamboo Fiber is a kind of regenerated cellulose fiber, which is produced from raw materials of

bamboo pulp. Firstly, bamboo pulp is refined from bamboo through a process of hydrolysis-

alkalization and multi-phase bleaching. Then process Bamboo pulp into bamboo fiber. Repeated

test has proved that it has a strong durability, stability and tenacity. And the thinness and

whiteness degree of bamboo fiber is similar to classic viscose.

Further more it owns high abrasion-proof capacity. Bamboo fiber spins nicely. This fiber is a

natural cellulose fiber, can achieve natural degradation in the soil, and it won't cause any

pollution to the environment. Bamboo can be spun purely or blended with other materials such

as cotton, hemp, silk, Lyocell (Tencel)), Modal cotton chemical fiber and so no.

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After hi-tech disposal, bamboo fiber is thinner than hair. It has a round and smooth surface.

Thus it has no stimulation against human skin.

5.0 DYEING AND FINISHING OF BAMBOO TEXTILE

Light sergeing, enzyme desizing, and moderate bleaching and semi-mercerizing should be

applied to the bamboo fabric during its dyeing and finishing process, which also avoid drastic

condition and use small mechanical tension.

1. Sergeing: Carried out in Moderate condition.

2. Desizing: Should be consolidate, desizing rate should be over 80%.

3. Scouring: Pure bamboo normally need no scouring, sometimes wash it with a little

alkaline soap. The scouring process should be made in terms of contents blended with

cotton. When pure bamboo fabrics are under scouring, the alkali should not be over

10g/liter but be applied in accordance with the thickness of fabrics.

4. Bleaching: The processing should be made in terms of the specification and thickness of

fabrics.

5. Mercerizing: The fabrics are normally free of mercerizing due to their sound luster and

bad anti- alkaline. However, some cases are found in order to increase their absorbance

capacity to dyestuff.

6. Dyeing: It is better to use active dyestuff during dying process, and the alkali should not

be over 20g/liter, the temperature should not over 100c. During drying process, low

temperature and light tension are applied.

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6.0 THE END-USE OF BAMBOO FIBER

Bamboo fabrics are made by pure bamboo fiber yarns, which have excellent Wet Permeability,

moisture vapor transmission property, soft hand, better drapery, easy dying, splendid colors. It

is a newly founded, great prospective green fabric.

The following are some of the end use of Bamboo fiber

 bathrobes and towels

 foot mats

 mats

 bed clothes

 underwear

 bamboo T-shirts

 bamboo socks

6.1 Bamboo intimate apparels include sweaters, bath-suits, mats, blankets; towels have

comfortable hand, special luster and bright colors, good water absorbance. Bamboo fiber has

such a sole function as anti bacteria, which is suitable to make underwear, tight t-shirt and

socks. Its anti-ultraviolet nature is suitable to make summer clothing, especially for the

protection of pregnant ladies and children from the hurt of ultraviolet radiation.

6.2 Bamboo non-woven fabric is made by pure bamboo pulp, which has same property as

viscose fibers. However, bamboo has wide prospects in the field of hygiene materials such as

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sanitary napkin, masks, mattress, and food-packing bags due to its anti-bacteria nature.

6.3 Bamboo sanitary materials include bandage, mask, surgical clothes, nurses wears

and so on. The bamboo fiber has natural effects of sterilization and bacteriostasis, therefore it

has incomparably wide foreground on application in sanitary material such as sanitary tower,

gauze mask, absorbent pads, food packing and so on. In the medical scope, it can be processed

into the products of bamboo fiber gauze, operating coat, and nurse dress, etc. Because of the

natural antibiosis function of the bamboo fiber, the finished products need not to be added with

any artificial synthesized antimicrobial agent, so it won't cause the skin allergy phenomena, and

at the same time, it also has competitive prices in the market.

6.4 Bamboo decorating series has the functions of antibiosis, bacteriostasis and

ultraviolet-proof. It is very advantageous for utilization in the decorating industry. Along with

the badly deterioration of atmosphere pollution and the destruction to the ozonosphere, the

ultraviolet radiation arrives the ground more and more. Long time exposure to ultraviolet

irradiation will cause skin cancer. But the wallpaper and curtains made from bamboo fiber can

absorb ultraviolet radiation in various wavelength, thus to lessen the harm to human body

farthest. What's more, bamboo decorating product won't go moldy due to the damp. Curtain,

television cover, wallpaper and sofa slipcover can all be made by bamboo fiber.

6.5 Bamboo bathroom series enjoy good moisture, soft feel and splendid colors as well

as anti bacteria property, which are well popular in home textiles. Bamboo towel and bath robe

have soft and comfortable hand feeling and excellent moisture absorption function. Its nature

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antibiosis function keeps bacterium away so that it won't produce bad odour.

6.7 Some Bamboo Products

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7.0 CONCLUSION

The merits of bamboo for use in textile fibers are their breatheability, the ease of processing

them into fabric, their high functionality and their beauty. The fashion world's fascination with

all things and bamboo is attracting the interest of a number of designers. More and more of this

material is expected to find way onto store shelves as time goes by. Bamboo rayon would have

a smooth, silky hand like other rayon. On the contrary, natural bamboo fiber being alike to bast

fiber in chemical composition would produce linen like fabric but it might not possess any

antibacterial properties as claimed by many. However, regarding moisture-transport

performance properties researchers argue that bamboo fiber has a larger moisture regain

capability than other natural fibers such as cotton because of its loose structure and existence of

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disordered non-cellulose substances. However, bamboo based textiles are not yet achieved their

full potential and cleaner production processes are appearing. At present, there are only a small

number of manufacturing plants in China that manufacture natural bamboo fiber. Ecologically

pioneer textile manufacturing companies like Litrax and Lenzing have already introduced

greener manufacturing processes into bamboo textiles. Researches are going on full swings for

the development of eco-friendly, natural bamboo fabric. With abundant sources of raw

materials, relatively low cost, and unique performance of bamboo fiber it is only a matter of

time to develop green and pure bamboo textiles. Further, bamboo textile industry has the

potential to provide livelihood for millions of people worldwide.

References

 Afrin, T., Tsuzukia, T., Kanwara, R. K., & Wanga, X. (2012). The origin of the

antibacterial property of bamboo. Journal of the Textile Institute, 103(8), 844–849.

 Alvin, K. L., & Murphy, R. J. (1998). Variation in fibre and parenchyma wall thickness in

culm of the bamboo Sinobambusa tootsik. IAWA Bulletin, 9, 353–361.

 Bamboo Phylogeny Group (BPG). (2012). An updated tribal and subtribal classification

of the bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Bamboo Science & Culture. The Journal of

the American Bamboo Society, 24(1), 1–10.

 Banik, R. L. (2015). Morphology and growth. In W. Liese & M. Kohl (Eds.), Tropical

forestry, bamboo: the plant and its uses (pp. 43–90). Swizerland: Springer International

Publishing.

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  Devi, M. R., Poornima, N., & Guptan, P. S. (2007). Bamboo – the natural, green and

eco-friendly new – type textile material of the 21st century. Journal of the Textile

Association, 67, 221–224.

 Hardin, I. R., Wilson, S. S., Dhandapani, R., & Dhende, V. (2009). An assessment of the

validity of claims for “Bamboo” fibers. AATCC Review., 9(10), 33–36.

 Liese, W. (1992). The structure of bamboo in relation to its properties and utilization. In

Bamboo and its use. Proceedings international symposium on industrial use of bamboo,

Beijing, China, 7–11, 1992, pp. 95–100.

 Munro, W. (1868). A monograph of the Bambusaceae, including description of all the

species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London., 26(1), 1–157.

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