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  • 1 4 Fault Analysis Tutorial Unbalanced F

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    Williams Espinoza
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    This tutorial provides examples for calculating fault currents for unbalanced faults. [1] For an earth fault at location F with circuit breaker X open, the fault current is 805 amps. With breaker X closed, the fault current increases to 1596 amps due to a lower parallel impedance path. [2] For a fault on the 11kV side of a 20MVA transformer at F, the fault current is 9843 amps and the phase currents measured at R are 473 amps in phases A and B and 0 amps in phase C.

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    This tutorial provides examples for calculating fault currents for unbalanced faults. [1] For an earth fault at location F with circuit breaker X open, the fault current is 805 amps. With breaker X closed, the fault current increases to 1596 amps due to a lower parallel impedance path. [2] For a fault on the 11kV side of a 20MVA transformer at F, the fault current is 9843 amps and the phase currents measured at R are 473 amps in phases A and B and 0 amps in phase C.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    19 views4 pages

    1 4 Fault Analysis Tutorial Unbalanced F

    Uploaded by

    Williams Espinoza
    This tutorial provides examples for calculating fault currents for unbalanced faults. [1] For an earth fault at location F with circuit breaker X open, the fault current is 805 amps. With breaker X closed, the fault current increases to 1596 amps due to a lower parallel impedance path. [2] For a fault on the 11kV side of a 20MVA transformer at F, the fault current is 9843 amps and the phase currents measured at R are 473 amps in phases A and B and 0 amps in phase C.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 4

    TUTORIAL : Fault Calculations:-

    Unbalanced Faults Basic Examples

    1. Calculate the fault current for an earth fault at “F”

    (i) With the circuit breaker at “X” open.


    (ii) With the circuit breaker at “X” closed.

    All impedances are based on 75MVA and 66kV.

    11/66kV ZL1 = ZL2 = 0.34 66/33kV


    11kV ZT = 0.1p.u. ‘X’ ZT = 0.1p.u.
    ZL0 = 1.2

    ZG1 = 0.13
    ZG2 = 0.13 ‘F’
    ZG0 = 0.06

    2. Determine the fault current for a fault at “F” on the 11kV side of the 20MVA
    transformer. Also calculate the currents in each phase measured by relays at “R”,
    and draw the three phase current distribution diagram.

    Source ‘R’ Dy11


    ‘F’

    2000MVA IF
    Z1 = Z2 = Z0
    132/11kV A-E Fault
    20MVA
    Z1 = Z2 = Z0 = 10%

    Page 1
    Solutions

    1. (i) The connection of the sequence networks for an earth fault at “F” with
    circuit breaker “X” open is given below:-

    0.13 0.1 0.34 I1 F1


    1p.u.

    V1

    N1
    0.13 0.1 0.34 I2 F2

    V2

    N2
    0.06 0.1 1.2 I0 F0

    3R V0

    N0
    This reduces to:-
    2.44
    1p.u.

    I1 = I2 = I0

    I1 = I2 = I0 = 1/2.44 = 0.409 p.u.

    Therefore, IF = I1 + I2 + I0 = 1.227 p.u.

    Base current at 66kV = = 656 amps.

    Therefore, fault current is given by:-

    IF = 1.227 x 656 = 805 amps.

    Page 2
    (ii) The connection of sequence networks for an earth fault at “F” with circuit
    breaker “X” closed is given below. In this case the total zero sequence
    impedance comprises two parallel paths.

    0.13 0.1 0.34 F1


    I1 0.1
    1p.u.

    V1

    N1
    I2
    0.13 0.1 0.34 F2 0.1

    V2

    N2
    I0
    0.06 0.1 1.2 I0 F0 0.1

    3R V0

    N0

    Total zero sequence impedance = = 0.093

    The connection diagram now reduces to:-

    1.233
    1p.u.

    I1 = I2 = I0

    I1 = I2 = I0 = 1/1.233 = 0.811 p.u.

    Therefore, IF = I1 + I2 + I0 = 2.433 p.u.

    Base current at 66kV = 656 amps.

    Therefore, fault current is given by:-

    IF = 2.433 x 656 = 1596 amps.

    Page 3
    2. The sequence network connections with per unit impedances based on 20MVA is
    shown below:-
    0.01 0.1 F1
    1p.u.
    I1(R) I1

    N1

    0.01 0.1 F2
    I2(R) I2

    N2

    0.01 0.1 F0
    I0

    N00
    000

    1.0
    I1 = I2 = I0 = = 3.125 p.u.
    0.32
    IF = I1 + I2 + I0 = 9.375 p.u. = 9843 amps. (Ibase = 1050A)

    At “R”:- I1(R) = I1-30 and I2(R) = I230

    Ibase = 87.5 amps

    IA = I1(R) + I2(R) = 5.410 p.u. = 473 amps.

    IB = a2I1(R) + aI2(R) = 5.41180 p.u. = 473 amps.

    IC = aI1(R) + a2I2(R) = 0.

    The current distribution is shown below:-

    473 A1 A2 a1 a2
    EA
    473 9843
    473
    EB

    EC

    9843

    Page 4

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