Petr 3520

HW 29: Gas MBE with Water Influx Name:

I’ve sent “starting” Excel files to you (Gas MBE Basic p Z Prob 1a). Modify this basic Excel file (or create
your own) to analyze the data given below.
1. Do the following:
(a) Generate a (p/z) vs. Gp plot, and extrapolate to get OGIP (G). Is this G “correct”? Show the extra
regressed line on the plot.
(b) Generate a Cole Plot (F/Eg vs. Gp). Does this plot indicate that water influx is occurring?
Determine an OGIP (G) from this plot.
(c) Generate a Havlena & Odeh (F vs. Eg) Plot. Determine an OGIP (G) from this plot. Is this G
“correct”?

The data is below: (Be careful with units. For example, if Gp [ BCF] and Bg [RVB/MCF], then F = Gp∙Bg =
MMRVB) Approximate Answer: G = 500-600 BCF

p Bg Gp
(RVB/
(psia) Z MCF) (BCF)
3900.0 0.9344 8.082E-01 0.00
3820.9 0.9302 8.212E-01 10.95
3787.6 0.9284 8.269E-01 16.43
3756.6 0.9269 8.323E-01 21.90
3700.1 0.9240 8.425E-01 32.85
3649.1 0.9215 8.519E-01 43.80
3602.5 0.9193 8.609E-01 54.75
3559.3 0.9173 8.694E-01 65.70
3499.8 0.9147 8.816E-01 82.13
3445.4 0.9123 8.932E-01 98.55
3395.1 0.9102 9.044E-01 114.98
3348.3 0.9083 9.151E-01 131.40
3304.3 0.9066 9.255E-01 147.83
3266.1 0.9051 9.349E-01 164.25
3205.5 0.9029 9.502E-01 191.63
3182.1 0.9021 9.563E-01 202.58
3147.8 0.9009 9.655E-01 219.00
3103.4 0.8995 9.777E-01 240.90
3081.9 0.8988 9.838E-01 251.85
3039.9 0.8975 9.960E-01 273.75
2998.5 0.8963 1.008E+00 295.65
2967.8 0.8954 1.018E+00 312.08
2937.4 0.8946 1.027E+00 328.50

2. (Drive Indices): The complete gas MBE (without water production or water influx terms) is this:

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 GB gi
G p B g=G ( B g −B gi ) + ( c w S wi + c f ) Δp
1−S wi

(a) It can be rearranged to get Gp/G = A + B, where Gp/G is a theoretical fraction (or percent) recovery
expected (from pi to p, where Bgi is at pi, p = pi – p, and Bg is at p). Do the algebra and obtain this equation:

Gp
G [
= 1−
B gi
Bg ] [( )(
+
B gi
Bg
c w S wc +c f
1−S wc )⋅Δp
]

(b) If Gp/G = A + B, the A term is the fraction (or percent) of the recovery Gp/G which is due to the gas
expansion itself. The B term is the fraction (or percent) of the recovery which is due to the expansion of the
water and the pore volume. Can you guess the relative size of these two terms A and B?

(c) Calculate A and B for these data: [Answers: A = 88.17% and B = 0.92 %, for a total theoretical
recovery of 89.2% for this pressure drop].

P Bg p
Z
(psia) (RVB/MCF) (psia)
6000 1.075 0.5414 0
600 0.909 4.5785 5,400

Plus: cf = 10·10-6 psi-1, cw = 3·10-6 psi-1, and Swc = 0.25.

(d) Discuss the relative size of these two terms. Why is the gas expansion term so much larger than the
formation and water terms? Many reservoir engineers neglect the formation and water terms in the gas MBE.
In your mind, is this justified? Is there ever a case where it may not be justified?

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3. Explain the general idea of water influx (also called water encroachment, W e). Sketch a picture of bottom
water drive and another one of edge water drive. Why is there a time delay from oil or gas production to an
aquifer’s response? Can we measure We volume? Can we estimate We? How?

4. Below are two different gas reservoirs’ p/Z vs. Gp plots. Can you explain why A and B are different?

5. Below are shown two plots for a reservoir. What are these plots called? What do these tell you about this
reservoir? How do you find G?

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6. Below are shown two plots for a reservoir. What are these plots called? What do these tell you about this
reservoir? What is the correct method to find G? What is the incorrect method to find G?

7. Water influx is generally a good thing for an oil reservoir, but it can have negative effects for a gas reservoir.
Explain this. What is “trapped” gas? What is the estimated recovery for a volumetric gas reservoir? What is
the estimated recovery of a gas reservoir with strong water influx?

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