Introduction to Livestock and Poultry (AnSci 2)
Module 2 Breeding true - means that the offspring will
Time Covered: Week 3
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the unit, the student must have:
1. Define terms usually used in the study of animal
production.
2. Enumerate and identify the scientific names of the
different animals.
3. Describe and enumerate the different breeds of
goats, cattle, swine, sheep and poultry animals.
4. Label and identify the external body parts of goats,
cattle, swine, sheep and poultry animals.
CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT FARM
ANIMALS
Economic utility derived from animals:
 Food –chicken, ox, buffalo, swine, etc.
 Protection/Security/Guide
 Power/Work –ox, buffalo, horses, dogs
 Medicine
 Pets – dogs, cats, parrots, etc.
 Sports –dogs, birds, etc.
 Research
 Clothing and aesthetic use
 Others – musical instruments, etc.
Definition of Terms
Breed – a stock of animals within a species
having a distinctive appearance and typically
having been developed by deliberate selection.
Breeding animal– an animal caused to
produce offspring typically in a controlled and
organized way.
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Cattle – domesticated bovine animals
almost always look like the parents. Cow- mature female ox, one that has given
Selective breeding - Choosing the best and birth
desired animals and using those animals for Carabull – carabull, caraheifer, caracow,
breeding purposes. etc.
Purebreds - These are animals whose Caracow – mature female carabao, one
ancestors are of only one breed. that has given birth
Crossbreeding - Sometimes species can be
Caraheifer – young female carabao under
successfully crossed to produce new breeds.
three years of age usually one that has not yet
Dam – a female parent
given birth.
Flock – a grouping of a species of livestock
.Heifer – a young female bovine which has
(sheep, poultry)
not yet had a calf.
Herd – a group of a single species of animal
Proven sire – bull about whom one have
(cattle, horses, swine, goats).
sufficient unselected information to indicate his
Livestock – domestic farm animals kept for
transmitting ability.
productive purposes (meat, milk, work, wool).
Ox – ruminant member of the bovine
Polled – a naturally hornless animal.
family, or sometimes the male used for draft
Sire – a male parent
purposes
Litter – multiple offspring produced at one
Stag – male ox castrated after sexual
birth by a multi-parous mammal, also called brood.
maturity.
Poult – is a young domestic turkey
Steer – male ox castrated before sexual
Hen – an adult female turkey and chicken
maturity.
Tom – is a male turkey
Kit – a young rabbit.
B. Horse
Doe – a female rabbit.
Broodmare- a female horse used for
Buck – a male rabbit
breeding purposes.
Colt – young male horse usually up to the
Commonly Used terms:
age of three years.
A. Cattle and Carabao
Equitation – horsemanship; the art of
Bull – male breeding ox of any age
riding on horseback.
Bull calf – young male calf under one year of
Filly – young female horse usually up to
age
the age of three years.
Bullock – usually a stag for draft purposes.
Foal – young horse of either age below
Calf – Young ox of either sex, under one year
one year of age.
of age

Gelding – horse which was castrated while
young
Mare – mature female horse.
Ridging – stallion with only one testis or none
in its scrotum.
Stallion – mature male horse
Studhorse – a stallion used for breeding
purposes
Yeld mare or dry mare – one which has not
produced any young during the breeding season.
C. Swine
Swine – refers to animals in the pig family.
Hog – a mature swine (usually weighing more
than 120 pounds).
Piglets – a young swine (usually weighing
less than 120 lbs.).
Boar- male pig of any age
Barrow – male pig which was castrated while
young; a pig that was castrated before the
secondary sex characteristics have developed.
Gilt – young female pig under the one year of
age, usually one that has not yet given birth.
Litter – group of pigs born in one farrowing.
Shote – young pig of either sex, weighing
approximately 60kg.
Sow – mature female pig, one that has given
birth.
Stag – a male pig castrated after sexual
maturity
Suckling – young pigs from birth up to weaning
Weanling – young pigs separated from the
sow, about 5 weeks old.
D. Sheep and goat
Billy goat or buck – male goat of any age.
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Doe- female goat of any age.
Ewe – female sheep of any age
Fleece – wool covering the sheep
Kid – young goat of either sex below one
year of age.
Lamb – young sheep of either sex below
one year of age
Pelt – wool and skin of sheep
Ram – male sheep of any age for breeding
purposes
Shearling – yearling sheep with two teeth
Wether goat – male goat castrated before
the secondary sex characteristics have
developed.
Wether sheep – male sheep which was
castrated while young preferably between 1 to 3
weeks of age.
E. Poultry
Capon – a caponized male, readily
distinguished by the undeveloped comb and
wattles.
Chick – young chicken while in the down
stage.
Chicken – one of the more common
poultry species different from turkey, geese, etc.
Cockerel – a male fowl less than one year
old.
Drake – a male duck
Duck – a female duck
Duckling – the young duck in the down
stage
Poult- the young of the domestic turkey,
properly applied until sex can be distinguished.
Introduction to Livestock and Poultry (AnSci 2)
Broilers – a chicken that is six to 13 weeks
of age used for meat production.
Hen – an adult female chicken.
Poultry - a collective term for all domestic
birds rendering economic service to man; can
also refer to dressed carcass of fowl
Plumage – the feathers of a fowl
Pullet – a female fowl less than one year old
Rooster – a male fowl one year old or over.
Strain- a group of chickens within a variety of
a breed which has under constant specific
section of certain traits by a specified breeder for
periods of about 5 to 8 years.
Variety – a group of chicken within the breed
which possesses the same plumage color and
type of comb.
Animal kingdom classification is an important
system for understanding how all living organisms
are related. Based on the Linnaeus method,
species are arranged grouped based on shared
characteristics.
This system of animal kingdom classification
was developed by Swedish botanist Carolus
(Carl) Linnaeus in the 1700’s. The Linnaeus
Method, also known as Linnaean Taxonomy,
creates a hierarchy of groupings called taxa, as
well as binomial nomenclature that gives each
animal species a two-word scientific name. This
method of giving scientific names to animals is
typically rooted in Latin by combining the genus
and species. For example, humans are classified
as homo sapiens while wolves are canis lupus.
The more features that a group of animals
share, the more specific that animal classification
 Introduction to Livestock and Poultry (AnSci 2)

group is. Every species is defined based on nine o Each group is then broken down further Different Breeds of Goats
branching categories: into smaller categories
There are some 446 million goats in the
o Process is repeated until the groups world, of which 351 million are found in the tropics
1. Domain cannot be categorized into smaller and sub-tropics. This compares with world
2. Kingdom groups. populations of 470 million for sheep and 563
3. Phylum
4. Class million for cattle. All of these figures are estimated.
5. Order SCIENTIFIC NAMES Goats can be characterized by:
6. Suborder
7. Animal Families Carabao (Kalabaw) a. Origin
8. Genus Conservation status: Domesticated b. Function
9. Species Kingdom : Animallia Milk, Meat and Fiber
Phylum: Chordata c. Appearance
Scientific Classification Class: Mammalia Color
o Binomial nomenclature: Giving two names Order: Artiodactyla Ear shape and length
in Latin Family: Bividae Body size
o Genus: First name, always capitalized Subfamily: Bovinae Height (goats are normally measured at
o Species: Second name, always lowercase Genus: Bubalis the withers)
o Both are underlined! Species: B. bubalis Horned or polled
Subspecies: B. b. carabanesis Shape of face
o Latin was used because at the time, it was
Trinomial name: Bubalis bubalis carabanesis Horn shape
the international language of scholars.
Many languages of the world were based
Cattle (no hump) Bos Taurus
on Latin. Breed type Location Height Function
Buffalo Bulalus bubalis
o Common names are often confusing. (cm)
Sheep Ovis aries
Different organisms can have similar or the At withers
Goat Capra hircus
same common names. Large goats
Pigs Sus scrofa
o Different parts of the country may have Horse Equus caballus Benadir S. Somalia 70 - 78 Meat
Chicken Gallus gallus Boer S. and E. 75 - 80 Meat
different common names for the same
Mallard duck Anas platyrhnchos Africa
animal.
Muscovy duck Cairina moschata Landim Mozambique 65 Meat
o Scientific Classification is an orderly and
Goose Anser domesticus Maabite Algeria 70-83 Milk
systematic approach to identification.
Turkey Meleagris gallopavo Mudugh N. Somalia 65 - 75 Meat
Broad groups of animals are classified
Pigeon Columba livia Sahel W. Africa 70 - 85 Meat
together in categories of common (Long legged) and Milk
Guinea fowl Numida meleagris
characteristics. Sudan Desert Sudan 71-80 Milk
Ostrich Struthio camelus
Sudanese N. Sudan 71-80 Milk
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 Introduction to Livestock and Poultry (AnSci 2)

Nubian into three categories: British, Continental, and  Wagyu

Sukria W. Ethiopia 70-85 Milk American.  Jersey
Tswana S. Africa 60-75 Meat  Guernsey
General Description and Purpose
Small/Medium  Ayrshire
1. British breeds (Bos taurus)– Angus,
Goats  Milking shorthorn
Hereford, Shorthorn
Angora S. Africa 61-65 Fibre • maternal – fertility, longevity, milk European Breeds of Cattle
Boran E. Africa 60 Meat production
Kigezi Uganda 65 Meat • earlier maturity (puberty); less  Simmental
and Hair muscular  Maine-Anjou
Maradi (Red Niger, N. 62- 72 Meat 2. Exotic, European or Continental breeds  Dutch belted
Sokoto) Nigeria and (Bos taurus) – Simmental,  Salers
Skin Limousin, Charolais, etc.  Charolais
Masai E. Africa 64 Meat • Paternal (terminal) - growth rate,  Piedmontese
Somali Somalia 62 Milk  Blonde d’ Aquitaine
muscular, lean; large mature size
Dwarf goats  Belgian Blue
• Dual – purpose (maternal and
Congo Dwarf Uganda, 45-50 Meat  Limousin
paternal traits)
Zaire  Chianina
3. Brahman (Bos indicus) – Zebu is main strain
E. African E. Africa 50 Meat  Gelbvieh
• greatest genetic influence world-
Kosi Cameroon 45-50 Meat  MRI
wide
 Normande
S. Sudan Sudan 40-50 Meat • heat and insect tolerant; adaptable
 Pinzquaer
W. African Ghana W. 40-50 Meat to warm environments
 South Devon
Dwarf Africa • later puberty, low growth rate, less
 Tarentaise
muscling.
 Brown Swiss
Breeds in the Philippines  Holstein Friesian
British Breeds of Cattle
a. Native goats  Hereford Composite Breeds of Cattle
b. Toggenburg grades  Polled Herefords  Brangus
c. Indian grades  Black Angus  Beefmasters
 Red Angus  Simbrah
d. Anglo-Nubian
 Devon  Bramousin
e. Saanen  American Salorn
 Shorthorn
f. Jumna Pari  Beefmaster
 Red Poll
 Galloway  Braford
Different Breeds of Cattle  Santa Gertrudis
 British Whites
There are more than 1000 breeds of cattle  Scotch Highland  Braford
worldwide. In the U.S., cattle breeds are divided  Welsh Black  7 way composite

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 Introduction to Livestock and Poultry (AnSci 2)

-This breed is known for its prolificacy and Duroc has solid colors, ranging from very
mothering ability under Philippine condition. high light golden to very dark red that
Different Breeds of Swine
approaches the color of mahogany.
Yorkshire/Large White
The Philippine Native Swine The head is small in proportion to the body
Origin: and the jowl is medium in size. The length
Indigenous animals belong to a large
of its legs is proporational to the depth and
undefined population of individuals English bacon breed which had its origin in
length of its body.
without any uniform traits usually ascribed Yorkshire and neighbouring countries in Northern
Duroc is considered a superior breed in
to a breed. England. It was developed by selection and
terms of growth rate and feed efficiency. It
The local pig or Philippine native pig crossing with Leicester hog which was a white
has a good muscle quality and is probably
belongs to this category, as they are hog.
the most resistant to stress.
small and lack the anatomical symmetry Present large white was developed in
of standard breeds. England. Pietrain
General characteristics: small and late Characteristics:
maturing, mostly solid black or black and Yorkshire should be entirely white in color. Origin:
white have small ears, sway back and Yorkshire sows are noted as good mothers Pietrian, Belgium, the village from which
with weak patterns. (Mother breed). the breed takes its name, was the
They not only farrow or raise large litters, birthplace of the breed.
Other Scientific Name: but are great milkers.
Luzon Warty pig Sus philippinensis The pigs are excellent foragers and Characteristics:
Palawan Bearded Pig Sus barbatus compare favorably with those of any other
This breed may be appropriately called the
breed in economy of gains.
“muscle” pigs because it is well known for
Purebreeds its outstanding muscle development in the
Duroc
ham, loin and shoulder.
Landrace The Duroc breed of hogs had its origin in The backfat is very thin. The motherly
Origin: the eastern United Staes and in the Corn ability is well within acceptable level.
Belt.
-First landrace swine was developed in Denmark It would seem presumptuous today to Hampshire
for the production of high quality bacon. attempt to identify the foundation stock of
Hampshire breed traces its origin to
Characteristics: the breed, which was originally called the
Southern England.
Duroc- Jersey
-The Landrace breed is white in color, although But the first Hampshire swine record was
black skin spots or frckles are rather common. Characteristics: organized in Boone country Kentucky, just
-It is known as the longest breed of swine (16 to across the Ohio River from Cincinnati.
17 ribs)
Characteristics:

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 Introduction to Livestock and Poultry (AnSci 2)

The most striking characteristics of the a. Spotted even hypothesize that the European
Hampshire is the white belt around the b. Limousine mouflon actually developed from the first domestic
shoulder and body including the foreleg. c. Chester White sheep in European being allowed to become feral
d. Hereford and that all sheep are actually descendants of the
Feed efficiency, length and ham-loin
e. Taniworth Asiatic mouflon. Sheep were among the first
percent of this breed is excellent. f. Large Black animals domesticated. An archeological site in Iran
g. Chinese taihu Pigs
Berkshire produced a statuette of a wooled sheep which
Funjiang
suggests that selection for woolly sheep had
Origin: Meishan
Janxiang black begun to occur over 6000 years ago. The common
South Central England, principally in the Erthualian features of today's sheep were already appearing
countries of Berkshire and Wiltshire in Mesopotamian and Babylonian art and books by
Upgrades: 3000 B.C.

Characteristics
The distinct peculiarity of the Berkshire
breed is the short and sometimes upturned
nose.
The color is black with six points, four white
feet, one point on the forehead; and
another on the switch of the tail.
Poland of China
Origin:
South-western Ohio in the fertile area
known as the Miami Valley. It is also known
as the “Hot Type” of “big type Poland
China”.
Characteristics
Modern Poland China is back in color with
sic distinct white points, the four feet, poll
of the head and switch of the tail
List of other Purebreds
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Diani - upgrade of native pigs (Batangas) with
Berkshire
Kaman- upgrade of native pig (Batanags) with
Duroc
Berkjala -5/8 Berkshire and 3/8 Jalajala pig
(Rizal)
Miracle Pig -1/2 large white, 1/44 Landrace
and ¼ native
Different Breeds of Sheep
There are a number of different theories
regarding the origins of domestic sheep. However,
most sources agree that they originated from
mouflon. There are two wild populations of
mouflons still in existence: the Asiatic mouflon
which is still found in the mountains of Asia Minor
and southern Iran and the European mouflon of
which the only existing members are on the
islands of Sardinia and Corsica. These two
species are closely related with the only difference
being the redder coloration and different horn
configuration of the Asiatic mouflon. Some sources
Another indication of the early domestication is
the fact that they are the only species of livestock
unable to return to a feral or wild state. Selection
for wool type, flocking instinct and other
economically important traits over the centuries
has resulted in more than 200 distinct breeds of
sheep occurring worldwide. Modern breeding
schemes have also resulted in an increasing
number of composite or synthetic breeds which
are the result of a crossing of two or more
established breeds.
Breeds are of three types according to their
production which are described below.
 Meat Productive Sheep Breeds: Dorset,
Suffolk, Cheviot etc. are highly meat
productive sheep breeds.
 Hair Productive Sheep Breeds: Merino,
Rambouillet etc. are hair productive sheep
breeds.
 Hair & Meat Productive Sheep
Breeds: Cordially, Montadale, Kooka etc are
famous for both hair and meat production.
Different Breeds of Poultry Species

Breeds of chicken can be classified by its utility.
This is based on the purpose for which the breed
or variety is most sufficient.
1. Egg class
The breed belonging to this class is
characterized by their comparatively small
size.
They lay large white shelled eggs, very
active and nervous in temperament.
They are non-sitters
Examples: Leghorn, Minorcas, Ancona,
Mikawa
2. Meat Class
Large breed, slow in movement, quiet and
gentle in disposition.
Generally poorer egg layers and generally
lay browned shelled eggs.
Examples: Brahmas, Cochin, Langshans,
Cornish, White rocks
3. General Purpose Class
Breeds of chickens in this class are
medium sized, good layers and the young
are fast growers.
They are not as nervous as the egg class
but much more active than the meat class.
Examples: New Hampshire, Rhode island
Red, Plymouth Rock, Lancaster, Nagoya,
Cantonese
4. Fancy Class
Breeds beautiful plumage or form of having
a rare unusual appearance.
Most of them are raised chiefly as
ornamentals or pets by Hobbyists,
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Introduction to Livestock and Poultry (AnSci 2)
regardless of their value as a source of likes Dorkings, Australorps, Cornish,
food. Orpington.
Examples: Frizzle, Bantams, Long tailed. 5. Other Classes by Origin
5. Fighting Class - Of development are: Polish, Hamburg,
There are groups of these kinds of French and oriental classes.
chickens now developed by national and There are 189 varieties and about 40 breeds of
international aficionados in this game. chickens recognized by the American poultry
The popular once are the Ruble Hulsey, association as of 1953 on registry.
Claret and Oasis.
Standard Classification – under this
classification, breeds and varieties are grouped
according to their geographical origin.
1. American Class
Breeds and varieties that were developed
External body parts of Goats
in American continent.
The most popular are: Plymouth Rock
(White, Barred, Speckled, Brown).
Wyandottes, Rhodes Island Reds, New
Hampshire, Land Caster.
2. Asiatic Class
This Breeds were developed in Asia.
Examples: Brahmas, Cochin, Langshang,
Cantonese, Nagoya.
3. Mediterranean Class
It is related to its utility grouping since of
the Mediterranean origin are of the egg
type breeds. They produced large white
shelled eggs.
Examples: Leghorn, Minorcas, Anconas.
4. English Class
Specially the breeds that were developed
in England and in its colonial territories
 Introduction to Livestock and Poultry (AnSci 2)

External body parts of Rooster

External body parts of Swine

External body parts of Hen

External body parts of Cattle

External body parts of Sheep

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 Introduction to Livestock and Poultry (AnSci 2)

9. Sturdy, vigorous and long-limbed i. Ideal buck 6. Cannon 16.

Summary: 10. Female horse used for breeding purposes. j. broodmare Comb
Task 2. Fill in the needed information in the table 7. Stifle 17.
The study of animal production needs the below. Search at least five breeds of the different Fluff
knowledge of the basic terminologies needed in types of animals mentioned below. 8. Fetlock 18.
the identification and classification of animals. Shank
Breed of animal Origin Physical Attributes Picture
These terminologies are unique and specific for a 9. Brisket 19.
particular animal. Goat Hoof
Scientific names are the appropriate 1-5 10.Muzzle 20. Sickle Feather
Sheep
method of naming the animals. It is in Latin words 1-5
which are written in italics and the first letter of the Cattle Task 4. Answer the following questions in brief
genus in capital letter. 1-5 with 2-4 sentences only.
Carabao
Different animals also have specific breeds 1-5
1. What is the importance of animal
for specific purpose. Swine classification?
1-5 2. What is the proper way of naming
The external part of the animals must also Meat type
be identified in order to properly locate certain chicken animals? Why?
area for vaccination, proper management and for 1-5 3. Why is it important to know the external
Egg type
the purpose of meat/ carcass fabrication. Chicken parts of certain animal?
1-5
Assessment:
Task 1. Matching Type. Match Column I with
Column II. Write only the letters of the correct Task 3. Provide the functions and descriptions of
answer. the following animal parts, given below:

Column I Column II 1. Rump 11.

Snout
1. Has longest lactation period a. grade
2. Loin
2. Thrives well in tropical countries b. native goats
3. Offspring of native and purebred goats c. Anglo-Nubian 12.
4. A male duck Dock
d. Saanen 3. Pastern 13.
5. High bridged nose e. Spurs
Toggenburg
4. Hock 14.
6. Motherly, docile
f. Jumna Pari Hackle References:
7. Small, stocky and low set g. drake 5. Dew claw 15.
8. Graceful and powerful walk h. ideal Saddle https://www.pasadenarodeo.com/p/events/
doe livestockshow/324
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 Introduction to Livestock and Poultry (AnSci 2)

https://a-z-animals.com/reference/animal-
classification/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cattle_breeds
https://www.orangefieldisd.com/view/9788.pdf
https://poultry.extension.org/articles/poultry-
anatomy/external-anatomy-of-chickens/
https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a006016.pdf
http://www.thegoatchick.com/goat-anatomy.html
http://afs.okstate.edu/breeds/sheep/
https://seradria.com/blog/most-popular-sheep-
breeds.html
https://www.britannica.com/animal/sheep

Prepared by:

JESSA D. PABILLORE
jessapabillore916@gmail.com
09179869017

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