write - wrote - written ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ‬ translate (v) ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮫ ﮐﺮدن‬

writer (n) ‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه‬ translation (n) ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮫ‬

writing (n) ‫ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر‬- ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﮫ‬ translator (n) ‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬

A. Read the following texts.

Tahereh Saffarzadeh was an Iranian writer, translator and

= children
thinker. When other kids were still playing outside, she learned
‫ﺗﻼوت ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﻗﺮان ﻣﺠﯿﺪ‬
reading and reciting the Holy Quran at the age of 6. As a young
student, she was working very hard to learn new things. She also
)‫ﺷﻌر(ھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﮐﺮدن‬
was writing poems at that time. She published her f irst book
‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﮫ ﻣﻧد ﺷدن‬
‫در ﺣﺎﻟﯾﮑﮫ‬while she was still studying in the university. She got interested
in translating the Holy Quran when she was studying and teaching
translation. She published her translation of the Holy Quran in
1380. Saffarzadeh passed away in 1387.
‫ ﻓﻮت ﮐﺮدن‬- ‫ = ﻣﺮدن‬die

‫ﻣﺣﻘق‬
Alexander Fleming was a great researcher. He was doing
‫زﻣﺳﺗﺎن‬
research in his laboratory in winter 1928. He was trying to f ind a
new medicine to save people’s lives. He found a new medicine when
3 he was working on antibiotics. This was the amazing penicillin.
Many other doctors were also working on this medicine in those
LESSON

days.They helped the f irst patient with penicillin in 1942 when the
‫ ﺻﺒﻮر‬- ‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎر‬
f lu was getting around.
‫ﺷﯿﻮع ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮدن‬

82
 ‫زﻣﺎن ﮔذﺷﺗﮫ اﺳﺗﻣراری‪ :‬زﻣﺎن ﮔذﺷﺗﮫ اﺳﺗﻣراری در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯾﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم "‪ "Past Continuous‬ﯾﺎ "‪ "Past Progressive‬ﺷﻧﺎﺧﺗﮫ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷود و ﺑرای ﺑﯾﺎن آﻧﭼﮫ در ﺑﺎزهای ﻣﺷﺧص از زﻣﺎن ﮔذﺷﺗﮫ در ﺣﺎل اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺗﺎدن ﺑوده اﺳت ﺑﮑﺎر ﺑرده ﻣﯽﺷود‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺧﺗﺎر اﯾن زﻣﺎن ﻣﺗﺷﮑل‬
‫از ﺣﺎﻟت ﮔذﺷﺗﮫ ﻓﻌل ﮐﻣﮑﯽ “‪ ”be‬ﺑﻌﻼوه “‪ ”ing form‬اﻓﻌﺎل اﺻﻠﯽ اﺳت‪ .‬در واﻗﻊ ﺷﮑل ﻧﮭﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻣﻼت در زﻣﺎن ﮔذﺷﺗﮫ اﺳﺗﻣراری ﺑﮫ اﯾن‬
‫ﺻورت اﺳت‪:‬‬
‫‪Subject + was/were + ing form of a main verb‬‬

‫(‪ + ing‬ﻓﻌل) ‪ + was/were +‬ﻓﺎﻋل‬

‫‪B. Read the following examples.‬‬

‫ﺟﻣﻠﮫ ﻣﺛﺑت‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫‪Affirmative‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪He‬‬
‫‪was‬‬
‫‪She‬‬ ‫ﺑرای ﻓﺎﻋل‬ ‫‪at 4.‬‬
‫‪The computer‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔرد‬ ‫‪work+ing‬‬ ‫‪when the power‬‬
‫‪working on a difficult problem‬‬
‫‪went out.‬‬
‫‪We‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮق رﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫‪You‬‬ ‫‪were‬‬
‫ﺑرای ﻓﺎﻋل‬
‫‪They‬‬
‫ﺟﻣﻊ و ﻣﺧﺎطب‬
‫اﯾن داﻧﺷﻣﻧد در طﯽ ﺳﺎل ‪ 1370‬در آزﻣﺎﯾﺷﮑﺎھش ﻣﺷﻐول ﺗﺣﻘﯾق ﮐردن ﺑود‪.‬‬
‫‪The scientist was doing research in his laboratory during 1370.‬‬
‫‪Newton was sitting under a tree when an apple hit his head.‬‬
‫زدن ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﮐﺮدن‬
‫ﻧﯾوﺗن زﯾر ﯾﮏ درﺧت ﻧﺷﺳﺗﮫ ﺑود وﻗﺗﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯾب ﺑﮫ ﺳرش ﺧورد‪.‬‬
‫‪hit - hit - hit‬‬
‫ﺑرای ﻣﻧﻔﯽ ﮐردن اﯾن زﻣﺎن ﺑﻌد از ‪ was‬و ‪ were‬از ‪ not‬اﺳﺗﻔﺎده‬
‫ﺟﻣﻠﮫ ﻣﻧﻔﯽ‬
‫‪Negative‬‬ ‫ﻣﯾﮑﻧﯾم‪.‬‬

‫‪I‬‬
‫‪He‬‬ ‫)‪(was not‬‬
‫‪wasn’t‬‬
‫‪She‬‬ ‫‪at 4.‬‬
‫‪The computer‬‬ ‫‪when the power‬‬
‫‪working on a difficult problem‬‬
‫‪went out.‬‬
‫‪We‬‬
‫)‪(were not‬‬
‫‪You‬‬ ‫‪weren’t‬‬
‫‪They‬‬ ‫ﺗﯾﻧﺎ رﻣﺎن ﻧﻣﯽ ﺧواﻧد وﻗﺗﯽ ﻣﺎدرش وارد ﺷد‪ .‬او داﺷت ﮐﺗﺎب اﻧﮕﻠﯾﺳﯽ اش را ﻣطﺎﻟﻌﮫ ﻣﯽ ﮐرد‪.‬‬

‫رﻣﺎن ‪ -‬داﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ‪ -‬ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬

‫‪Tina wasn’t reading a novel when her mother came in. She was‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫رﻣﺎن ﻧﻮﯾﺲ ‪novelist‬‬
‫‪LESSON‬‬

‫‪studying her English book.‬‬

‫‪Reza was not doing an experiment when the phone rang. He was‬‬
‫‪solving a math problem.‬‬ ‫زﻧﮓ ﺧﻮردن‪ -‬ﺑﮫ ﺻﺪا درآوردن زﻧﮓ‬
‫‪ring - rang - rung‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮه ﮐﺮدن )ﺑﺎﻗﺎﻋﺪه ‪ring‬‬

‫‪83‬‬
‫رﺿﺎ آزﻣﺎﯾش ﻧﻣﯽ ﮐرد وﻗﺗﯽ ﺗﻠﻔن زﻧﮓ ﺧورد‪ .‬او داﺷت ﯾﮏ ﻣﺳﺋﻠﮫ رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﺣل ﻣﯽ ﮐرد‪.‬‬
 ‫ را ﺑﮫ اول ﺟﻣﻠﮫ آورده و در‬was , were ‫ﺑرای ﺳواﻟﯽ ﮐردن اﯾن زﻣﺎن‬

.‫آﺧر آن ﻋﻼﻣت ﺳوال ﻣﯽ ﮔذارﯾم‬

‫ﺟﻣﻠﮫ ﺳواﻟﯽ‬
Interrogative
I
he
Was
she at 4?
the computer when the power
working on a difficult problem
went out?
we
Were you
they
‫آﯾﺎ ﻣﮭﺳﺎ داﺷت ﺗﮑﺎﻟﯾﻔش را اﻧﺟﺎم ﻣﯽ داد وﻗﺗﯽ ﻣﺎدرش زﻧﮓ زد؟‬
Was Mahsa doing her homework when her mother called?
Were they talking when the teacher came in? ‫آﯾﺎ آﻧﮭﺎ داﺷﺗﻧد ﺻﺣﺑت ﻣﯽ ﮐردﻧد وﻗﺗﯽ ﻣﻌﻠم وارد ﺷد؟‬

3 C. Tell your teacher how ‘past progressive’ is made.

LESSON

Subject + was/were + ing form of a main verb

D. Read the ‘Conversation’ and underline all ‘past progressive
verbs’.

were reading - was reading - was working - was studying

84
 .‫ﭘﺎراﮔراف زﯾرﺑﺧواﻧﯾد و ﺑﮭﺗرﯾن ﻓﻌل را اﻧﺗﺧﺎب ﮐﻧﯾد‬

E. Read the following paragraph and choose the best verb forms.

It was raining yesterday. I was sitting/sit in the living room. I

watched/was watching a movie about a great scientist, Ghiyath
‫ﻣﺧﺗرع‬
al-Din Jamshid Kashani. He was a great inventor. He was from
Kashan. His father was a doctor. Jamshid is/was very interested
in numbers and planets. Actually, he invented/invent many
interesting things when he was solving/solved math problems.
Sadly, this scientist has/had a very short life. Someone
was  killing/killed him when he worked/was working in his
observatory. He was/is only 42 years old.

.‫ﺑﺎ دوﺳﺗﺗﺎن درﺑﺎره ﮐﺎرھﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﮫ در زﻣﺎﻧﮭﺎی داده ﺷده در ﺣﺎل اﻧﺟﺎم آﻧﮭﺎ ﺑودﯾد ﺻﺟﺑت ﮐﻧﯾد‬

F. Pair up and talk about the things you were doing at the given times.

1. Yesterday at 5 I was eating an ice-cream.

2. When the teacher came in , we were reading our books.

3. This morning at 5:30 I was saying my prayers.

3
4. When my father came home , I was doing my homework.
LESSON

G. Go to Part II of your Workbook and do A, B and C.

85
 .‫ﺿﻣﺎﯾری ھﺳﺗﻧد ﮐﮫ ﮐﮫ در ﺟﻣﻠﮫ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﮫ ﺑﻌد از ﻓﺎﻋل ﯾﺎ در آﺧر ﺟﻣﻠﮫ ﺑرای ﺗﺎﮐﯾد اﻧﺟﺎم ﮐﺎر ﺗوﺳط ﻓﺎﻋل ﺑﮫ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯾروﻧد‬:‫ﺿﻣﺎﯾر ﺗﺎﮐﯾدی‬

A. Read the following examples with ‘Self Pronouns’.

‫ﺿﻣﺎﯾر ﺗﺎﮐﯾدی و اﻧﻌﮑﺎﺳﯽ‬

I myself. ‫ﺧودم‬
You yourself. ‫ﺧودت‬
Zahra herself. )‫ﺧودش(ﻣوﻧث‬
Amir himself. )‫ﺧودش (ﻣذﮐر‬
did the experiment
The computer itself. )‫ﺧودش (اﺷﯾﺎ‬
Maryam and I ourselves. ‫ﺧودﻣﺎن‬
You and your friends yourselves. ‫ﺧودﺗﺎن‬
The scientists themselves. ‫ﺧودﺷﺎن‬
.‫اﻟﮑﺳﺎﻧدر ﮔراھﺎم ﺑل ﺧودش ﺗﻠﻔن را اﺧﺗراع ﮐرد‬
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone himself.
.‫ﻣﺎری ﮐوری ﺧودش اوراﻧﯾوم را ﮐﺷف ﮐرد‬
Marie Curie found uranium herself.
‫اوراﻧﯿﻮم‬

You may also say:

I myself
You yourself
Zahra herself
Amir himself
The computer itself did the experiment
Maryam and I ourselves
You and your friends yourselves
The scientists themselves

3 Alexander Graham Bell himself invented the telephone.

LESSON

Marie Curie herself found uranium.

B. Go to Part II of your Workbook and do D.

86