Question 1: Can you show me the last passage plan on ECDIS?

This is the first question and this is the most important one too.

The passage needs to be accurate must follow all the company requirements

and must be in accordance with the industry guidelines.
I have covered the general passage planning in this blog and ECDIS passage
planning in this one.
Do read these two blogs to get to know about the passage planning.But you
must cover these areas in the passage plan on ECDIS.

 The route

 Parallel index lines

 No-Go Areas (not excessively marked)

 Wheel over position

 Abort point

 Marking of bridge watch levels

 Position plotting interval and method at each leg

 Security levels and the points where vessels need to be hardened.

 Point for notice to the engine room and calling the master

Question 2: Do you perform a route check? How do you do it?

Route check is a function of the ECDIS which checks the route and gives all the
alarms for which the route is passing through any dangers. 2nd mate then can
check each of these alarms to see if the route needs to be amended. To
perform the route check, open the route in the table editor and click on the
“Safety Check”.

This would give all the errors in the route. If we select on an error and click on
“Jump” the ECDIS screen will jump to the area of that error.
2nd Mate can then see if that error is applicable to us or if the route needs to
be amended to avoid that. 2nd Mate needs to check each of these errors one
by one to ensure that our route is safe.

Question 3: How do you make sure your ENCs are corrected up to date?

To check if the ENCs are corrected up to date on JRC ECDIS, go to 6.Chart ->
ENC update report.
This will show you the status of all the ENCs and the week number these ENCs
are corrected up to
Go to Summary and it will show you the total number of ENCs and how many
of these are up to date and how many are not up to date.
If you would like to see the status of ENCs for a particular route only, make
sure to tick the “route filter” and choose the route from the “select route”
dropdown.
This will give the ENC status report for the ENCs for the chosen route.

Question 4: How do you know if you have all the required ENCs for the
route?

The ENC ordering process depends upon your ENC provider. For
example, chartco would have a different procedure for ordering the ENCs
and NAVTOR has a different procedure. But once you have ordered, received,
and updated ENCs in ECDIS, we need to check if the ECDIS has all the ENCs for
the next voyage. Ideally, when we check the ENC update report with route
filter and if any ENC is missing, it would show that in this report.
And when we go to “Status Report”, this would give a clear reason for the
“ENCs not up to date”.
But with this function, it is only checking ENCs for the route with the set
“Cross-track error” in the ECDIS for that route. So if we have set the cross-
track error as 1NM, this would only check the ENCs for 1NM from the route.

But that is not enough. We need to have the ENCs for up to at least for few
miles from our route.

I prefer to have ENCs for at least 50NM from our route.

This would mean that in case we need to deviate the ship for any unforeseen
reasons, we still have the ENCs for at least 4-5 hours of the deviation.
One way of checking this is to temporarily increase the cross-track error limit in
the route plan. Then check the ENC status report with route filter.

If the report shows all ENCs up to date, then the ECDIS has the ENCs for the
route and up to the (large) cross-track error set in the route plan. But some
ECDIS has a limitation of maximum cross-track error that can be set. So the
other way is to get the list of all the ENCs for the route from ENC provider
software (Chartco/Navtor, etc.) and check physically if these are available in
the ECDIS. If your company subscribe to PAYS (Pay as you go), you only need
to check this for ENCs that are not available under PAYS.

Question 5: How do you plot the Navigation warnings

I have covered this topic in detail in a different blog.

Read it if you have any doubts about how to plot navigation warnings on
ECDIS. Most of the SIRE inspectors would want to see the navigation
warnings being plotted with “manual update”. But, I and you, know that
at least on JRC ECDIS, it is much easier to plot the navigation warning with the
user chart. The problem with the user chart is that it would not generate
an alarm during the route check feature or when you are using the
look-ahead feature. So if you are plotting the navigation warning with
the user chart, you must have an answer ready for the SIRE inspector.
The answer for “how do you make sure that route does not pass
through dangerous navigation warning plotted with user chart”. And
your answer could be that you check that manually during the passage
planning stage.

Question 6: What IHO presentation library your ECDIS uses? Can you
show me?
In layman’s terms, the IHO presentation library is the set of instructions to the
ECDIS manufacturers about how the various symbols must be displayed on the
ECDIS.
For example, what color, size, and shape of the symbols must the ECDIS show
on ECDIS. ECDIS manufacturer needs to develop its software as per these set
of guidelines developed by IHO. From 2nd mate and seafarer’s point of view,
we must know what presentation library version our ECDIS has. And if that is
the latest IHO presentation library? If the vessel is not able to show this
information on the ECDIS, not only this be a SIRE observation but during PSC
inspections this can be detainable deficiency too. So let us check what
presentation library this JRC ECDIS has. On the ECDIS screen, right-click and
choose “S-57/C-MAP/ARCS Information”.
Go to “Chart legend” and there you will get the “Presentation library version”.
Apart from this, you need to know what is the latest version of the presentation
library so that you know your ECDIS has the latest version .We can get the
information about the current version of the presentation library from the IHO
website, by contacting the ECDIS maker or simply by asking your company.

Question 7: How do you plot position from sources other than GPS?
We need to be able to plot position on ECDIS from sources other than GPS. The
sources like visual bearings, range/bearings, and celestial observations. While
the procedures may be different on different ECDIS, but if you are actually
using these features to plot positions, it would be easier for you to show it to
the SIRE inspector. Here is a blog that I wrote on position fixing sometime back
that includes position fixing on ECIDS.

Question 8: What ECDIS safety settings are entered during arrival to

this port?
Here is a detailed article on ECDIS safety settings that I had written earlier.
I assume that you know everything about ECDIS safety settings. Like what are
these safety settings and what value to set for these settings in the ECDIS.

If you have any doubts, do read the blog on ECDIS safety settings first.

But even when 2nd mate knows about safety settings, there is one mistake
that I see them making repeatedly.

The mistake is to keep the safety settings constant for the voyage.

The ECDIS safety setting needs to be dynamic. These need to be changed

during the voyage even when the vessel’s draft remains the same.
Usually, the safety settings are calculated with zero height of the tide.

At the open sea, the vessel’s route must be in safe waters with these safety
settings at zero height of the tide.

But that is not the case with port arrivals and departures.

If the vessel needs to use the height of tide for compliance with the company’s
UKC policy, then the safety settings need to be changed to include the height of
tide too.

Mere doing the UKC calculation with the height of tide is not enough.

Let us say that for a river port we did the UKC calculation with the height of
tide as 3 meters and UKC is complying with the company’s UKC policy.

Now, this is the ECDIS route for this river port with initial safety settings
(without the height of tide).
This would be a SIRE observation.

Because while navigating at no point in time we can pass over the depth less
than safety depth.

Let us say the safety depth calculated and entered here was 13 meters. And if
the height of tide while passing this point was 3 meters, we need to adjust
(reduce) the safety settings by 3 meters.

In this case, the same ENC would look like this.

As a practice, we can prepare a list of points (waypoints) where the safety
setting needs to be changed (taking into account the tide).

Question 9: What procedure you follow when the route crosses safety
contour?
A vessel outside the safety contour is in safe waters.

But that does not mean that all the waters in the safety contour are not safe.

For example, if we have calculated safety depth as 11 meters then the nearest
safety contour will be 15 meters.

But what if the depths inside the safety contour are in the range of 13 to 14
meters.
These depths are still safe for us because these are more than our safety
depths.

On ECDIS, the unsafe depths (depths less than safety depths) are shown in
dark black color and safe depths are shown in grey color.

ECDIS is supposed to give an alarm when the vessel crosses a safety contour.

But after the vessel has crossed safety contour there would be no alarm in case
the vessel is about to run into danger such as crossing an unsafe depth.

For this reason, we are required to define the procedure we would follow after
crossing the safety contour to ensure that ship navigates safely.

There are two methods to choose from.

Method 1: After crossing safety contour, Navigator needs to be more alert and
ensure that the vessel does not run over a depth lesser than safety depth.
This method is based on the careful review of the navigator while navigating in
the area after crossing the safety contour.

Method 2:  Or we can use the 2nd method where during the planning stage,
2nd mate draws a line with a manual update separating the safe and unsafe
areas.
In this case, we need to use the manual update feature so that we can get the
alarm on the ECDIS if the vessel crosses this line.
It is also required that the company must document in their procedures as to
which method the bridge team should use.

Some companies may direct the master to choose any of the above two
methods.

Question 10: What is SCAMIN and how do you use it?

Let us consider a buoy in an ENC.

ENC maker would have defined a minimum (SCAMIN) and maximum (SCAMAX)
scale of ENC at which this buoy would be visible on the ENC.

Let us say the minimum scale set by the ENC maker is 1:50000.
This means that if you zoom the ENC scale to less than 1:50000, this buoy
would not be visible on the ENC.

Likewise, there could be so many other features (certain soundings, buoys,

pipelines, cables, etc) for which ENC makers have defines a minimum and
maximum scale for its visibility.

However, if we keep the SCAMIN setting to off, irrespective of how much you
zoom in or zoom out, none of these features will disappear.

Let us first see how to switch it on or off on JRC ECDIS.

Go to Menu 6.Chart -> Settings -> S-57/C-MAP/ARCS Information

From the option “View Common”, you will find the option to turn on/off the
Scale min under “Chart Symbol”.

But why this feature is given at all?

This is to give an option to the navigator to de-clutter the screen, so that it is

more user-friendly during the navigation.

Now the question is what is the correct way to use SCAMIN?

During the passage planning stage, we do not want to miss any of the features
or buoy, etc. as we do not want to have our courses run over these.

So during the planning stage, we are expected to keep the SCAMIN off.
During navigation, we can keep the SCAMIN to “on” to declutter the
ECDIS screen, however, if we need to go away from our intended route
for some reason, we must turn off the SCAMIN to review the area.

Conclusion

Nowadays, ECDIS is the main area of interest for SIRE inspectors when it
comes to bridge/navigation rounds.

Though it may sometimes seem too much to cover in ECDIS but if you have
your basic questions about ECDIS covered, there is nothing to sweat about for
ECDIS.