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SETTLEMENT PREDICTION OF PILE FOUNDATION

Project: Prepared:
Address: Checked
Owner Approved

I. APPLIED STANDARDS
1. TCVN 10304 -2014 Pile Foundation - Design Standard
2. Basic Soil Mechanics, 3rd Edition, R. Whitlow
3. Soil mechanics- Design Manual 7.01, Naval Facilities Engineering Command
4. NAVFAC Design Manual 7.02 for Foundations & Earth Structure
5. Foundation Analysis and Design, 5th Edition PE. J. E. Bowles
6. FHWA NHI-05-042 Design and Construction of Driven Pile Foundations
II. INPUT DATA
1. Geological conditions
RL of Ground Water = -2.00 m
RL of Finished Grade Level = 0.00 m

Table 1: Geological data BH-2

Vertic
Comp
Thickn Saturate Initial Swelli Precons al
Young's ressio
Layer ess of d unit void ng olidation consol SPT index
Soil Type of Modulus n
numb Soil Desciption layer weight ratio index pressure idatio
name soil index
er n
Hi γw E'/Eu eo Cc Cr pc Cv
m t/m3 t/m2 t/m2 10-3cm2/s
1 1 S Medium dense sand 3.70 1.90 1400.00 - - - - - 7.00
2 2 C Firm Clay 1.50 1.85 259.11 0.94 0.36 0.06 15.70 0.98 6.00
3 3_1 C Soft to firm fat clay 1.80 1.68 104.03 1.36 0.51 0.07 7.10 0.68 1.00
4 3_2 C Soft to firm fat clay 3.00 1.67 126.77 1.23 0.53 0.08 7.00 0.39 1.00
5 3_3 C Soft to firm fat clay 6.00 1.78 275.60 0.48 0.19 0.03 15.20 0.83 2.00
6 4_1 C Medium dense clayed 1.50 2.06 871.91 0.62 0.21 0.05 21.00 0.81 14.00
7 4_2 C Medium dense clayed 2.70 1.99 1011.01 0.62 0.21 0.05 21.00 0.81 8.00
8 5_1 C Very stiff clay 1.80 1.97 1020.04 0.64 0.22 0.06 23.70 0.57 14.00
9 5_2 C Very stiff clay 3.00 1.99 1155.83 0.56 0.18 0.05 29.90 0.64 8.00
10 5_3 C Very stiff clay 6.00 2.01 1584.50 0.63 0.17 0.05 37.00 1.00 14.00
11 5a_1 S Clayed sand 1.50 1.90 1600.00 0.71 0.15 0.03 28.80 0.62 8.00
12 5a_2 S Clayed sand 4.00 1.93 1600.00 0.65 0.44 0.24 30.90 0.60 8.00
13 5_4 C Stiff dark clay 1.50 1.95 2011.60 0.71 0.22 0.06 44.30 0.70 18.00
14 5_5 C Stiff dark clay 3.00 1.95 1992.59 0.68 0.26 0.06 53.70 0.70 7.00
15 5_6 C Stiff dark clay 3.40 1.93 2088.79 0.74 0.19 0.05 55.20 0.51 12.00
16 6_1 C Stiff dark clay 1.50 2.06 2699.30 0.43 0.15 0.03 54.30 0.51 14.00
17 6_2 C Stiff dark clay 14.25 2.07 3255.78 0.44 0.13 0.02 47.80 0.50 7.00

2. Design Requirements
- Design load 5850.00 kN
- Allowable settl 100.00 mm

3. Pile and Cap information

D 0.50 m Diameter/ width of pile
A 0.25 m2 Cross section area of pile
EL 1 -1.50 m Pile head elevation
EL 2 -40.50 m Pile tip elevation
L 39.00 m Length of pile below pile cap
s 1.50 m Spacing of piles
f'c 50.00 N/mm2 Pile concrete grade
Ep 33234.02 N/mm2 Modulus of pile material
l 0.25 m Edge of outside pile to edge of pile cap following long side
b 0.25 m Edge of outside pile to edge of pile cap following short side
B 4.00 m The width of foundation
L 5.00 m The length of foundation
nB 4.00 nos The number of piles per row
nL 4.00 nos The number of piles per column
n 16.00 nos The number of piles in foundation
EL 3 -1.50 m Pile cap bot. elevation
d 1.50 m The depth of pile cap bot.
draft 39.00 m The depth of equivalent raft
L' 4.50 m Length of equivalent raft level
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SETTLEMENT PREDICTION OF PILE FOUNDATION

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B' 3.50 m Width at equivalent raft level
W' 15.75 m2 Area of equivalent raft
q 371.43 kN/m2 Uniform pressure

L'' = L'/2 = 2.25 m

B''= B'/2 = 1.75 m
H' = 21.15 m th.k of soil layers considered for settlement
H'/B'' = 12.09 -
L''/B'' 1.29 -
III. CALCULATION OF SETTLEMENT OF PILE GROUP
1 Elastic compression of pile group
In accordance with Clause 9.8.2.1 of FHWA-NHI-05-042, the settlement of pile group shall be calculated as follows:
S = S 1 + S2 = 98.97 mm
Where:
S1 elastic compression of pile group
S2 the settlement of subsoil beneath equivalent raft

S1 =QaL/EA
Where
S1 1.72 mm elastic compression of pile group
Qa 365.63 kN design axial load in pile
L 39.00 m length of pile
A 0.25 m2 Pile cross section area
E ###### kN/m2 Modulus of elasticity of pile material

2. The settlement of subsoil beneath equivalent raft

The settlement of S2 defined by the following equation:
S2 = S2i + S2c + S2s = 97.25 mm
Where: Schema of additional stress on equivalent raft
Si: Immediate settlement of subsoil
Sc: Primary consolidation settlement of subsoil.
Ss: The secondary consolidation settlement of subsoil. (only calculated in case the soil layer under pile tip is soft soil)
Equivalent raft 
a. The immediate settlement
The immediate settlement shall be calculated in accordance with NAVFAC7.01 q
Settlement at center is 4 times of corner of the foundation
2
Si = 4 x q x B x (1- ) x I/Eu
Eff. 
Where: Overburden 
Si = 35.51 mm
 Z
q 371.43 kN/m2 is applied uniform pressure
Considered 
B 1.8 m is width of load area level for  Increase
I 0.5 - is combined shape and rigidity factor settlement  d stress 
Δ
 0.50 - is Poisson's ratio, equal to 0.5 when calculating instantaneous settlement analysis
Eu 27458 kN/m2 is undrained modulus
Δz = 
Table 2: Calculate instantaneous settlement at center of Foundation
Thk of Element1 m

Th.k of The depth

elemen of layer Avera Poi.
Average
Young's ge ratio Average Imme
Depth t Young's
Modulus Facto (satura Poi. ratio diate
Layer Discription Modulus Settle
rI ted)
ment
Δz zi E'/Eu E'/Eu m Si
m m m t/m2 t/m2 cm
39.50 1 0.5 5_5 Stiff dark clay 1992.593 0.5
40.50 1 1.5 5_5 Stiff dark clay 1992.593 0.5
41.50 1 2.5 5_6 Stiff dark clay 2088.788 0.5
42.50 1 3.5 5_6 Stiff dark clay 2088.788 2746 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.55
43.50 1 4.5 5_6 Stiff dark clay 2088.788 0.5
44.50 1 5.5 6_1 Stiff dark clay 2699.301 0.5
45.50 1 6.5 6_1 Stiff dark clay 2699.301 0.5
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SETTLEMENT PREDICTION OF PILE FOUNDATION

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b. Primary consolidation settlement of subsoil

Primary consolidation settlement of subsoil is ussually calculated as the sum up of the compressive deformation in each layer as the following equation:
Case: Slightly overconsolidated soil n
(1) σvz < σpz < σvz + σz hi σpz, i σz,i+σvz,i
Sc = ∑ [ Cr,i . log + Cc,i . log ]
1+e0,i σvz, i σpz,i
i=1
Case: Heavily overconsolidated soil n
(2) σpz > σvz + σz hi σz,i+σvz,i
Sc = ∑ [ Cr,i . log ]
1+e0,i σvz,i
i=1
Case: Normally consolidated soil n
hi σz,i+σvz,i
(3) σpz = σvz Sc = ∑ [ Cc,i . log ]
1+e0,i σvz,i
i=1
Where:
hi Thickness of subsoil layer i (hi ≤ 2m);
e0,i Initial void ratio of the subsoil layer i
Cc,i Compression index of the subsoil layer i ;
Cr,i Recompression index of the subsoil layer i ;
σz,i Excess pressure at the middle of the subsoil layer i ;
σvz,i Effective overburden stress at the middle of the subsoil layer i ;
σpz,i Preconsolidation pressure of subsoil layer i ;

Table 3 Consolidation settlement

Thk of Element1 m

Thickn Precon
Overbur Check
ess of The depth Increased Settle Layer solidat
Depth Layer Layer name Factor Modulus eo Cc Cr den settle
elemen of layer stress ment weight ion
stress ment
t pressu
Δz zi 2zi/B' K σz E Sc 'voi 'vo σpz
m m m t/m2 t/m2 - - - cm t/m2 t/m2 (t/m2)
39.50 1 0.5 5_5 Stiff dark c 0.29 0.98 36.34 1992.59 0.675 0.256 0.055 2.49 0.95 34.97 53.7 Cont
40.50 1 1.5 5_5 Stiff dark c 0.86 0.81 30.20 1992.59 0.675 0.256 0.055 1.95 0.95 35.92 53.7 Cont
41.50 1 2.5 5_6 Stiff dark c 1.43 0.58 21.44 2088.79 0.737 0.186 0.047 0.73 0.93 36.84 55.2 Cont
42.50 1 3.5 5_6 Stiff dark c 2.00 0.39 14.63 2088.79 0.737 0.186 0.047 0.38 0.93 37.77 55.2 Cont
43.50 1 4.5 5_6 Stiff dark c 2.57 0.28 10.41 2088.79 0.737 0.186 0.047 0.28 0.93 38.70 55.2 Cont
44.50 1 5.5 6_1 Stiff dark c 3.14 0.20 7.56 2699.3 0.427 0.152 0.029 0.15 1.06 39.76 54.3 Cont
45.50 1 6.5 6_1 Stiff dark c 3.71 0.15 5.72 2699.3 0.427 0.152 0.029 0.12 1.06 40.82 54.3 Cont
46.50 1 7.5 6_2 Stiff dark c 4.29 0.12 4.44 3255.78 0.436 0.133 0.021 0.06 1.07 41.89 47.8 Cont
47.50 1 8.5 6_2 Stiff dark c 4.86 0.10 3.55 3255.78 0.436 0.133 0.021 0.05 1.07 42.95 47.8 Stop
48.50 1 9.5 6_2 Stiff dark c 5.43 0.08 2.89 3255.78 0.436 0.133 0.021 0.04 1.07 44.02 47.8 Stop
Sc= 6.17 cm

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