u<.

sh we;af;da

1960 oYlfhka miq ìys jQ kjl:d ,dxflah kQ;k kjl:d .Kfha ,d ie,lsh
yels h' 1952 § muK ,xld úYajúoHd,h fmardfoKshg f.k hdu;a iu`. we;sjQ idys;H
m%fndaOh;a" isxy, NdIdj rdcH NdIdj njg m;aù iriú wOHdmkh isxy, udOHhg udre
ùu;a" iuld,Sk j yd mQ¾jld,Sk j ìysjQ zã' tÉ' f,darkaiaZ" zfÊïia fcdhsiaZ" z*%dkaia
l*aldZ" zwe,afnhd leuQZ wdÈkaf.a kjl:dj, wdNdih;a" reishdkq" m%xY" bx.%Sis fY%aIaG
kjl:dj, wdNdih;a ;=<ska fuu kQ;k kjl:d m%jdyh wdrïN úKehs is;sh yels h'
tjlg ìysjQ kjl:dlrejka iajlSh lD;s rpkh i`oyd m%úIag jkafka úYajúoHd,h
mdol lr.ksñka ,o wOHdmkh wkqj hñka h' fla' ch;s,l" isß .=Kisxy" tÈßùr
irÉpkaø" .=Kodi wurfialr fuu f,aLlhka w;r b;d jeo.;a fldg ie,lsh yels fõ'
kQ;k kjl:dlrefjl= f,i ie,lsh yels tÈßùr irÉpkaøhkaf.a kjl:djkays
f;audjka o kQ;kh yd ne`ÿKq tajd hs' fm%auh" ,sx.sl;ajh wdÈ ñksia ye`.Sï b;d ixlS¾K
j kuq;a ixhufhka ±laùug fudyq fnfyúka W;aiql ù we;s nj fmfka' pß; ksrEmKfha
§ jvd;a ñksia ufkdaNdj" is;=ú,s odu ms<sn`o j wjOdkh fhduq lrk fihla fmfka'
irÉpkaøf.a kjl:d NdId Ndú;h .;a l, th fnfyúka ldjHuh iajrEmhla
Wiq,k nj lsj ukd h' kdgHlrKh ;=<ska ,;a mßph Tyqg fï i`oyd odhl jkakg
we;ehs is;sh yels h' tfuka u Tyq ish NdId Í;sh ilia lr.kafka merKs iïNdjH
idys;Hfha ie`.ù ;sfnk w¾: iïmkak jpk f;dardf.k tajd ;u jpk yd ukd f,i
iqixfhda. lr .ksñks' óg lÈu WodyrKhla f,i zú,diskshlf.a fm%auhZ kï pïmq
ldjHh ±laúh yels h'
irÉpkaøf.a kjl:d NdIdfõ meyeÈ,sj u wmf.a iïNdjH .oH idys;Hfha wdNdih
±lsh yels h' tfuka u ngysr kjl:d idys;Hfha n,mEu o fkd wvqj ,eî we;s njg
iel ke;'
fudyq w;ska ,shjqKq l:d ksrdhdifhka .,df.k wd tajd h' tajdfhys wka;¾.;
jpk o tfia u h' jeä jYfhka kQ;k kd.ßl NdIdj fhdod .kakd fudyq" w;ßka m;r
merKs iïNdjH NdIdj ßx.jkq ±lsh yels fõ' ta flfia jqj;a fï ish¨ foa l:djg
WÑ; mßÈ fhdodf.k ;sfnkq ±lsh yels h' kdgH" .S;uh iajrEmhla o we;eï úg ta
;=< úoHudk h'
zu<.sh we;af;daZ" zu<jqkaf.a wjqreÿ odZ" zj,au;a ù yirla kqÿáñZ" zú,diskshlf.a
fm%auhZ" zfyg tÉpr l¿jr kEZ" zf,dl= mq;d fkdfyd;a nkaÿ,f.a mrdj¾;khZ hk
kjl:d tÈßùr irÉpkaø úiska rpkd fldg we;'
tmuKla fkd j Tyq bx.%Sisfhka o kjl:d rpkd lr ;sfnkq olakg we;'

1
 fudyq úiska rÑ; zu<.sh we;af;daZ" zu<jqkaf.a wjqreÿ odZ jeks kjl:d b;d m%isoaêhg
m;a kjl:d fõ' tajd tl, ìysjQ idys;H m%jdyhkag idfmalaI j b;d id¾:l lD;s f,i
ie,lsh yels h' cmdkfha Y%S ,xld ;dkdm;s jYfhka lghq;= l< ld,fha ú`È w;a±lSfuka
o hq;= j rij;a fldg ,shQ fuu kjl:d hq.<h fndfyda mdGl m%idoh Èkdf.k we;'
ienúka u tajd w¨;a wdrl kjl:d f,i ie,lsh yels h' fuu kjl:d ;=<ska" tf;la
,dxflah mßirhg fldgqj ;snQ kjl:dj bka Tíng cd;Hka;r mßirhg újD; úh'
zu<jqkaf.a wjqreÿ odZ yd zu<.sh we;af;daZ lD;s fol u cmdkh bvyir fldgf.k
W;a;u mqreI oDIaáfldaKfhka ,shQ kjl:d hq.<hls' isxy, - cmka ixialD;sldx. uqiq
lrñka rÑ; fïjd m<uq jeks yd fojeks fldgia f,i m<jqKq tajd h' ñksia ika;dkfha
ye`.Sïj, iajrEmh" fkd f;areï.; yels ñksia is; ms<sn`o ukd újrKhla fïjd ;=<ska
olakg mq¿jk'
uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaøhkaf.a zu<.sh we;af;daZ kjl:dj lafIa;% lsym
s hla Tiafia
mdGl úpdrhg ,la úh' úfoaYSh nila ^cmka ni& o ñY% jQ iqug .S;d;aul nia jyrla
kjl:dlrKhg y`ÿkajd §u" foaYSh mßirfhka msg;g f.dia úfoaYSh iudc rgdjlg
we;=<;a j th ixiam¾Y lr" jia;= úIfhys meyeÈ,s fjkila we;s lr" foaYSh fuka u
úfoaYSh pß; o iïñY%Kh lr" tlS pß; ksrEmKfhys,d kdgHuh wjia:d" Wmud rEml"
ixfla; wdÈh Ndú;hg .ekSu" W;a;u mqreI oDIaáfldaKh m%fhdackhg .ekSu" fjkia
u fldaKhlska .eUqre h:d¾:hlska fm%auh foi ne,Su" úúO Ôjk rgd tlg f.dkq lsÍu
fkd .e<fmk fm%auhl fkd olsk kqÿgq udkhla újD; lsÍu" ixialD;sl yr moaO;Ska
yd tajdfha fkd .e<mSï ksid fm%auh ÿria jk wdlrh" mßirh yd wdorh w;r mj;akd
wfkHdakH in`o;dfjys wmQ¾j;ajh f.k yer mEu hkdÈ úúO ud;Dld Tiafia u<.sh
we;af;da kjl:dj idlÉPdjg n`ÿkafjhs'
W;a;umqreI oDIaáfldaKh Ndú;hg .ksñka fofjdkaord ix kï l:d kdhlhd ,jd
irÉpkaøfhda kjl:dj bÈßm;a lr;s' fofjdkaord l,la meúÈ j isg WmeúÈ jQfjls' rg
rgj, ixpdrh lrñka Ñ;% m%o¾Yk mj;ajd hï uqo,la Tyq Wmhd .kS' ta w;r;=r Ñ;%
Ys,amh fukau úúO Ys,am iïm%odhkays o mßph ,nhs' Tyqf.a fuu Ôú; ixpdrfha tla
m%n, kjd;eka fmd<la jkafka cmdkh hs' Tyq cmdkfha ish¨ fohg jYSlD; fõ' tys
ixialD;shg" iNH;ajhg Tyq wdorh lrhs' fï w;r cmka ;reKshl iu`. fmñka nef`oa'
weh fkdßfldix h' jfrl fYdalh o ;j;a jfrl m%S;sh o msÍ fuu fm%au jD;a;dka;fha
lsis úfgl lsis ;ekl ksudjla ke;' Tjqkf a .a fm%u
a h .,d hkakls' fm%u
a hg bula fldKla
ke;' tys wjidkhla fiúh fkd yels h' b,afmñka .sf,ñka mej;s fuu wdor l:dj
úiska udkisl .egqul kj;u me;slvla ksrEmKh lrhs' fkdßflda j ;u is;ska .;ska
wE;a lrkakg is;d jfrl fofjdkaord ix wehf.ka wE;g .uka lrhs¦ Tyq f;dalsfhdafjka
lsfhdaf;dajg .uka lrhs' lhska fjkajqj o Tyqg is;ska fjkaúh fkd yels h' wef.a w;S;
iaurKhka Tyq yd ksn`o j tla ù ;snqKs' wef.a u;lh Tyqg w.kd jia;=jla u úh' weh
j is;ska uld ±óug Tyqg yels fkd ù h' tksid fofjdkaord ix h<s;a f;dalsfhdajg
meñKsfha h' kej; ;udf.a fkdßfldaj fidhd Tyq meñKsfha h' fkdßfldaf.a weiqrg
2
m;a úh' fmr fia fkdßflda iu`. l,a f.sù h' kuq;a tjr o fofokdf.a u is;e`.s bgq
fkd fõ' Tjqkf.a wdor l:djg ndOl /ils' fofokd w;r wfkHdakH jYfhka .e<mSula
;snK
q o Tjqka fofokd jdih l< iudc" ixialD;sl" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k jmißh tlsfklg
mgyeks úh' iaÒr ;SrKhlg t<U újdym%dma; ùug wiu;a jQ ;ek fofjdkaord ix kej;
;u rg Y%S ,xldj lrd meñfKhs' fkdßfldaf.ka wE;a ù l%ul%ufhka weh j is;ska bj;a
lr .ekSug Tyq W;aidy orhs' Tyqg wkq.; ùug wmyiq jQ cmka ixialD;sl mßirfhka
bj;a j th wu;l lr yqremqreÿ foaYSh ixialD;sl rgdjg tla fõ' yqremqreÿ .eyekq
ñksiqka iu`. .efÜ' mqj;a m;a lkaf;darejl kj /lshdjla fidhd .kS' u;= ±lafjk
f;audj mdol lr .ksñka irÉpkaøfhda u<.sh we;af;da rpkd lr;s'
fulS f;audj uQ,sl jqj o l:dfõ wka;¾.;h ;=<ska wjOdrKh jk me;slv lsysmhls'
úfYaIfhka rgj,a oaú;ajhl ixialD;ska folla w;r mj;akd ms<s.ekSï jákdlï fia
u yr moaO;Ska w;r isÿjk ixialD;sl .egqul ,laIK o kjl:dj ;=< olakg ,efí'
tfuka u ixialD;sl .egqu ksid ;u Ôú;h ms<sn`o ksYaÑ; ;SrKhlg t<öug fkd yels
j <;efjk fm%aujka;fhl=f.a yd fm%aujka;shlf.a fm%aujD;a;dka;hla f,i o ukqIH
Ôú;fha úúO fjkialï fuka u wdor isyskfhka neiS h:d¾:hka ms<sn`o j od¾Yksl
n,kakla f,i o idlÉPd flf¾' cmka ixialD;sl yd iudc mßirfhka biau;= jQ hï
hï wdpdr O¾u ms<sn`o fkd ie,l+ ld,amksl f,djl Ôj;a jQ fm%aujka;fhl= yd ish
ixialD;sh wd;auh lr.;a fm%aujka;shl w;r jQ wdor l:djla ms<sn`o j flfrk ú.%yhla
o kjl:dj ;=< wmQ¾j;ajhg k`.d we;'
zmsx we;s iriú jrula fokafkaZ .%ka:h ;=< § uydpd¾h irÉpkaøfhda iajlSh u<.sh
we;af;da kjl:dj ms<sn`o j fuf,i woyia olaj;s'
z u<.sh we;af;da kjl:djg weiqre lr .kakd ,oafoa ienE w;a±lSula ±hs
uf.ka mdGlfhda wi;s' óg ms<s;=re jYfhka úlu;aiq kï cmka kdgHlrejd l<
m%ldYhla u;la lr fokq leue;af;ñ' idys;Hh jkdys i;Hh;a l,ams;h;a w;r
msysá wkah; m%foaYhlg wh;a fõ hs Tyq lSfõ h' flfkl= ;udf.a w;a±lSula
ta whqßka u úia;r l<fyd;a th idys;H lD;shla fkd j jd¾;djla jkafka h'
yqÿ l,ams;hla kï tys jeo.ekaula ke;' wms Bg flmam ^l,am hkafkka ì`§
tkakls'& hhs lshuq' idys;Hfhka Ôú; újrKhla isÿfõ hhs lshkafka tys lsishï
i;H w;a±lSu;a .eí j we;s neúks'

lsishï l;=jrhl= kjl:djla fyda flál;djla ,shQ úg wij,d ljqo wij,d

ljqo lshd ±k.ekSug mdGlfhda uy;a l=;y= ,hla olaj;s' Tjqka fufia fidhkafka
kjl:dj yqÿ l,ams;hla fkd jk nj okakd neúks' ;u l:dj l,ams;hla hhs
fndre kï.ï wdÈh fh§fuka l;=jrhd fmkajkakg jEhï lrk kuq;a Bg
wdY%hN_; isÿùï yd mqoa.,hka ienEhhs mdGlfhda is;;s'

tfy;a fu;ek § mdGlhd uq,dfõ jefgkakg bv ;sfí' kjl:dlrejd pß;hla

ujkafka lsishï ienE mqoa.,hl= wdY%h fldgf.k jqj o Tyq f;dard .kafka
3
 ta mqoa.,hdf.a p¾;fhka tla wxYhla muKla úh yels h' tfia ke;fyd;a ta
mqoa.,hdf.a pß;fha wxY lSmhla f;dard Tyq úiska wuq;=u pß;hla uefjkjd
úh yels h' tfia ke;fyd;a ta mqoa.,hdf.a pß;fha wxY lSmhla f;dard Tyq
úiska wuq;=u pß;hla uefjkjd úh yels h' ;j;a fohla isÿ jkag mq¿jk'
tkï l;=jrhdf.a ukfiys Wmka lsishï l,ams; pß;hla Tyq ta ienE pß;h
u; wdfrdamKh lrkakg mq¿jk'

ta lshkafka ud olsk fkdßld" wef.a uõmsh fofokd olsk fkdßfldj;a wef.a

ñ;=ßhka olsk fkdßfldj;a" wef.a ifydaorhd olsk fkdßfldj;a fkdj wuq;=u
flfkls' tneúka th udhdrEmhla úh yels h'

we;a; jifhka lshf;d;a ud úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o fkdßfld pß;h ud ye`Èk

isá cmka ia;%Ska fofofkl= weiqßka f.dvk.k ,oaols'Z

^msx we;s iriú jrula fokafka - uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaø&

u<.sh we;af;da kjl:dj l:d ikaO¾Nfhka jia;= úIfhka tod fuod ;=r ,shjqKq
kjl:dj,g jvd úYd, fjkila úoyd olajhs' kjl:dj ;=<ska mq¿,a fmrÈ. ixialD;shla
ms<sn`o j wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug l;=jrhd W;aidy ord we;' foaYSh .%dóh iNH;ajh
wdrlaId lr .ekSug úúO m%h;akhka Èh;a flreKq ld, jljdkqjl ,dxflah ¥m;g
fldgq fkd ù bka Tíng f.dia wka rgla yd ine`È ixialD;shla iu`. iajlSh kjl:dj
rpkd lsÍug ;rï irÉpkaøhka W;aiql ù we;'
u<.sh we;af;da kjl:dj fiiq kjl:djka w;=ßka fjkia u wdrla .kS' úfYaIfhka
tys NdId Ndú;h o iuld,Sk kjl:djkaj,g jvd iqúfYaIs fõ' tys we;s ixjdo"
kdgfHdaÑ; wjia:d" Wmud" ixfla; ksid u muKla fkd j úfoaYSh nia jyßka o th
fmdaIKh ù we;s fihls' fuysÈ l;=jrhd fhdod .kq ,nk W;a;umqreI oDIaáfldaKh o
b;d u;a id¾:l h' th o iuld,Sk kjl:d j,ska iqúfYaIs;ajhla ysñ lr.ekSug fya;=
ù ;sfí' fm%auhg foaY" ld, fyda mka;s n, fkd mdk nj fu;=<ska biau;= fldg olajhs'
tfy;a wjidkfha § fm%aufhka fYdalh Wm§ hk úYaùh O¾u;dj o u;= fldg olajhs'

zfm%aufha ksoyi fyj;a iajhxjrhg tfrysj

mj;sk iudchSh" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k fldkafoais
fm%auhg n,mdk whqre ñka .uH lr we;'Z

fï ish¨ ldrKd ;=<ska u<.sh we;af;da iuld,Sk wfkl=;a kjl:dj,g jvd

i¾jld,Sk w.hla .kakd kjl:djla nj mejiSu hqla;shqla; h'